东天山维权银铜矿床中钴矿化发现及成因意义
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摘要
新疆东天山地区是中国重要的钴成矿带之一,在多个与基性-超基性岩有关的铜镍硫化物矿床和磁海铁矿床中伴生有中小型钴矿资源。最近,笔者在研究东天山维权矽卡岩型银铜矿床物质组分的过程中,通过显微镜观察、电子探针扫描和成分分析发现了独立钴矿物辉砷钴矿,不仅代表了东天山含钴矿床的新类型,而且具有综合利用的前景。文章对维权矿床中铜银钴矿石类型、矿石中辉砷钴矿和其他主要金属矿物的赋存状态进行了研究,划分出铜矿石、铁铜矿石、含银铜钴矿石、银矿石、含钴铁铜矿石和铅银铜矿石6种矿石类型,认为它们可能是铁铜、钴、银3期成矿作用叠加的产物,钴成矿作用为独立的一期中高温热液成矿作用,含钴铁铜矿石是钴成矿作用叠加在铁铜成矿作用之上形成,而含银钴铜矿石是银成矿作用叠加在钴成矿作用之上形成。
The eastern Tianshan is one of the important cobalt metallogenic belts of China, and hosts several middle-to small-sized magmatic Cu-Ni-Co and hydrothermal Fe-(Co) deposits. Their cobalt is generally developed in sulfides or sulfo-arsenides, showing a disseminated distribution, and occurrences of independent cobalt minerals such as carrollite, cobaltite and linnaeite are scarce. However, microscope observations, X-ray surface scanning and electron microprobe analysis have revealed widespread distribution of independent cobalt mineral of cobaltite in the hydrothermal Weiquan Ag-Cu deposit in eastern Tianshan, with mineral proportions up to 5%, which is of economic significance. Therefore, on the basis of assemblages of iron, copper, cobalt and silver from the Weiquan Ag-Cu deposit, ores have been classified into six types, i. e., Cu ores, Fe-Cu ores, Ag-bearing Cu-Co ores, Ag ores, Co-bearing Fe-Cu ores and Pb-Ag-Cu ores. Ore mineral assemblages as well as their textural relationships indicate that all of the ores resulted from superimposition of three stages of mineralization, which were firstly FeCu stage, then Co stage and lastly Cu-Ag stage. Co mineralization is characterized by a middle-to high-temperature hydrothermal mineralization. Co-bearing Fe-Cu ores were superposed as a result of Fe-Cu and Co mineralization, and Ag-bearing Cu-Co ores were formed by superposition of Co and Cu-Ag mineralization.
The eastern Tianshan is one of the important cobalt metallogenic belts of China, and hosts several middle-to small-sized magmatic Cu-Ni-Co and hydrothermal Fe-(Co) deposits. Their cobalt is generally developed in sulfides or sulfo-arsenides, showing a disseminated distribution, and occurrences of independent cobalt minerals such as carrollite, cobaltite and linnaeite are scarce. However, microscope observations, X-ray surface scanning and electron microprobe analysis have revealed widespread distribution of independent cobalt mineral of cobaltite in the hydrothermal Weiquan Ag-Cu deposit in eastern Tianshan, with mineral proportions up to 5%, which is of economic significance. Therefore, on the basis of assemblages of iron, copper, cobalt and silver from the Weiquan Ag-Cu deposit, ores have been classified into six types, i. e., Cu ores, Fe-Cu ores, Ag-bearing Cu-Co ores, Ag ores, Co-bearing Fe-Cu ores and Pb-Ag-Cu ores. Ore mineral assemblages as well as their textural relationships indicate that all of the ores resulted from superimposition of three stages of mineralization, which were firstly FeCu stage, then Co stage and lastly Cu-Ag stage. Co mineralization is characterized by a middle-to high-temperature hydrothermal mineralization. Co-bearing Fe-Cu ores were superposed as a result of Fe-Cu and Co mineralization, and Ag-bearing Cu-Co ores were formed by superposition of Co and Cu-Ag mineralization.
引文
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