不同旱地小麦品种产量及籽粒蛋白质含量的差异研究
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摘要
【目的】筛选旱作麦区高产、优质、高效品种的小麦.【方法】在山西省闻喜县选择12个品种的小麦进行田间试验,测定土壤水分、干物质量、籽粒蛋白含量及产量.【结果】‘洛旱6号’成熟期植株各器官干物质量最高.‘晋麦92’‘运旱20410’‘洛旱6号’为高产稳产品种,‘运旱618’‘运旱719’‘洛旱13号’‘长6359’‘长6697’为低产品种.与低产品种相比,‘晋麦92’‘运旱20410’‘洛旱6号’分别增产42%、38%、42%,‘晋麦92’‘运旱20410’的平均穗数高23%,穗粒数高24%,‘洛旱6号’的千粒质量高45%;水分利用效率分别高34%、56%、24%,且‘晋麦92’‘运旱20410’在降水较少的年份产量和水分利用效率与低产品种间差异更大.此外,通过聚类分析,‘晋麦92’‘运旱20410’为高产高蛋白品种.【结论】从产量、水分利用效率和品质方面综合考虑,‘晋麦92’‘运旱20410’是适宜该区种植的,具有一定的抗旱性、高产、优质、高效的品种.
【Objective】To screen out high-yield,high-quality and high-efficient varieties of wheat suitable in dryland area.【Method】Field trial was conducted by selecting 12 dryland wheat varieties in Wenxi County,Shanxi Province.【Result】Dry weight of different organs of‘LH6'in mature stagey was the highest.‘JM92',‘YH20410'and ‘LH6'were high and stable yield varieties,and ‘YH618',‘YH719',‘LH13',‘C6359'and ‘C6697'were low-yield varieties.Compared with low-yield varieties,yields of‘JM92',‘YH20410'and ‘LH6'were increased by 42%,38% and 42%,respectively.Spike numbers of‘JM92'and‘YH20410'increased by 23%.Grain numbers per spike of‘JM92'and ‘YH20410'were increased by 24%.1000-grain weight of ‘LH6'was increased by 45%.Water use efficiency of ‘JM92',‘YH20410'and‘LH6'was increased by 34%,56% and 24%.And there were larger differences on yield and water use efficiency between ‘JM92'and ‘YH20410'and low-yield varieties under the condition of less precipitation.‘JM92'and ‘YH20410'were classified in the group of high protein content variety.【Conclusion】In terms of yield,water use efficiency and quality,‘JM92'and‘YH20410'were suitable for the dryland wheat growing area as high-yield,high-quality and high-efficiency varieties with drought resistance.
【Objective】To screen out high-yield,high-quality and high-efficient varieties of wheat suitable in dryland area.【Method】Field trial was conducted by selecting 12 dryland wheat varieties in Wenxi County,Shanxi Province.【Result】Dry weight of different organs of‘LH6'in mature stagey was the highest.‘JM92',‘YH20410'and ‘LH6'were high and stable yield varieties,and ‘YH618',‘YH719',‘LH13',‘C6359'and ‘C6697'were low-yield varieties.Compared with low-yield varieties,yields of‘JM92',‘YH20410'and ‘LH6'were increased by 42%,38% and 42%,respectively.Spike numbers of‘JM92'and‘YH20410'increased by 23%.Grain numbers per spike of‘JM92'and ‘YH20410'were increased by 24%.1000-grain weight of ‘LH6'was increased by 45%.Water use efficiency of ‘JM92',‘YH20410'and‘LH6'was increased by 34%,56% and 24%.And there were larger differences on yield and water use efficiency between ‘JM92'and ‘YH20410'and low-yield varieties under the condition of less precipitation.‘JM92'and ‘YH20410'were classified in the group of high protein content variety.【Conclusion】In terms of yield,water use efficiency and quality,‘JM92'and‘YH20410'were suitable for the dryland wheat growing area as high-yield,high-quality and high-efficiency varieties with drought resistance.
引文
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[16]项阳,刘延波,秦利军,等.酵母TPS1基因促进干旱胁迫下玉米的根系生长[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(3):363-369.
[17]张学品,冯伟森,吴少辉,等.干旱胁迫对不同冬小麦品种水分利用效率及产量性状的影响[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(8):21-25,33.
[2]肖世和,张秀英,阎长生.再论超级麦育种[J].麦类作物学报,2002(3):71-73.
[3]高翔,宁锟,宋哲民.小麦高产品种分蘖特性与成穗规律的研究[J].西北农业学报,1994,3(4):17-22.
[4]王汉民.华北地区小麦小麦产量构成因素的相关和通径分析[J].现代农业科技,2006(4):55-56.
[5]郭天财,朱云集,王晨阳,等.河南省小麦超高产品种产量形成特点及关键栽培技术研究[J].中国农业科技导报,2004(4):46-50.
[6]郭天财,马冬云,朱云集,等.冬播小麦品种主要品质性状的基因型与环境及其互作效应分析[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(7):948-953.
[7]茹振钢,冯素伟,李淦.黄淮麦区小麦品种的高产潜力与实现途径[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(17):3388-3393.
[8]吴金枝,王志敏,李友军.干旱胁迫下不同抗旱性小麦品种产量形成与水分利用特征[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(6):25-35.
[8]吕丽华,梁双波,张丽华,等.不同小麦品种产量对冬前积温变化的响应[J].作物学报,2016,42(18):149-156.
[10]XIAO Y G,QIAN Z G,WU K,et al.Genetic grains in grain yield and physiological traints of winter wheat in Shandong Province,China,from 1969to 2006[J].Crop Science,2012,52(1):44-56.
[11]ZHOU Y,ZHU H Z,CAI S B,et al.Genetic improvement of grain yield and associated traits in the southern China winter wheat region:1949to 2000[J].Euphytica,2007,157(3):465-473.
[12]陈亮亮,黄高宝,李玲玲,等.不同耕作措施对小麦水分利用的影响及机制[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2014,49(1):48-53.
[13]杨丽娟,蒋志凯,盛坤,等.节水高效品种筛选与应用研究[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(4):508-517.
[14]ZHANG B C,LI F,HUANG G B,et al.Yield performance of spring wheat improved by regulated deficit irrigation in an arid area[J].Agricultural Water Management,2006,79(1):28-42.
[15]李萍.耕作措施与干旱水平对红壤玉米根-土水分关系的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2017.
[16]项阳,刘延波,秦利军,等.酵母TPS1基因促进干旱胁迫下玉米的根系生长[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(3):363-369.
[17]张学品,冯伟森,吴少辉,等.干旱胁迫对不同冬小麦品种水分利用效率及产量性状的影响[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(8):21-25,33.