旱地麦田深松蓄水和覆盖播种土壤水分变化与小麦籽粒蛋白质含量的关系
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摘要
【目的】明确旱地麦田休闲期深松蓄水和覆盖保水的技术效果,有利于探索旱地小麦增产提质的最佳耕作及覆盖播种技术新途径。【方法】于2012—2014年度在山西农业大学闻喜小麦试验基地开展大田试验,以休闲期深松和当地传统耕作为主区,以全膜覆土穴播、膜际条播、常规条播为副区,研究深松和覆盖播种对3 m内土壤水分、小麦籽粒蛋白质含量及其产量的影响。【结果】旱地麦田休闲期深松处理播种至开花期0—300 cm土层蓄水量较免耕处理显著提高,产量提高12%—30%,且籽粒谷蛋白含量、蛋白质产量显著提高。两覆盖播种较常规条播,土壤蓄水量越冬至开花期均显著提高,产量提高6%—24%,籽粒醇溶蛋白、总蛋白含量及蛋白质产量显著提高,清蛋白提高。深松条件下,膜际条播较全膜覆土穴播开花期土壤水分显著降低;免耕条件下,两覆盖处理间各生育时期土壤水分差异不显著。膜际条播较全膜覆土穴播产量提高,在2012—2013深松条件和2013—2014免耕条件下差异显著。深松条件下,膜际条播较全膜覆土穴播籽粒蛋白质组分含量,总蛋白质含量及其产量显著提高。此外,相关性分析表明,开花期0—100、100—200、200—300 cm土层土壤蓄水量通过直接与间接作用对籽粒蛋白质积累的总影响均表现为正向作用,且2012—2013年100—200 cm土层土壤水分对籽粒蛋白质含量的提高贡献最大,2013—2014年200—300 cm土层土壤水分对籽粒蛋白质含量的提高贡献最大。从籽粒蛋白质产量形成的贡献来看,休闲期深松主要通过影响开花期土壤水分影响籽粒蛋白质产量,且深松条件下覆盖播种主要是通过影响孕穗期土壤水分而影响籽粒蛋白质产量,且膜际条播对蛋白质产量的贡献显著大于全膜覆土穴播。【结论】休闲期深松有利于蓄积休闲期降雨,覆盖播种有利于保蓄土壤水分,其效果延续至开花期,而生育中期土壤水分与籽粒蛋白质积累密切相关,休闲期深松配套膜际条播覆盖播种有利于旱地小麦产量和品质协同提高。
【Objective】The objective of this paper was to clarify the effects of sub-soiling in fallow period(SS) and mulched-sowing on soil water storage, so as to contribute to explore the best tillage and mulched-sowing technique of winter wheat, which could further improve wheat grain yield and quality coordinately. 【Method】Field experiment was carried out from 2012 to 2014 in Wenxi, Shanxi province. Taking with or without SS as the main plots and three sowing methods(film-mulched soil hole sowing, FSH; film-mulched sowing, FM; drill sowing, DS) as the subplots, the effects of sub-soiling and mulched-sowing on soil water storage in the depth of 3 m, grain yield, grain protein content and yield were assessed.【Result】Compared with NT, the soil water storage in 0-300 cm soil layer from sowing stage to anthesis was improved significantly under SS, the yield was increased by 12%-30%, and the grain glutenin content and grain protein yield were improved significantly. Compared with DS, the soil water storage from wintering stage to anthesis stage was improved significantly, the grain yield was increased by 6%-24%, the grain gliadin content, grain protein content and grain protein yield increased significantly, the grain albumin increased. Compared with FSH, the soil water storage at anthesis was decreased significantly under the condition of SS combined with FM, yet showed no significant difference at each stage under the condition of NT combined with FM. The grain yield under FM was superior to that under FSH, showing significant difference under SS in 2012-2013, NT in 2013-2014. Under the condition of SS, the grain protein components content, grain protein content and yield were improved significantly under FM, compared with FSH. In addition, the soil water storage in the soil layer of 0-100, 100-200, 200-300 cm at anthesis showed positive effect by interaction, the soil water storage in the 100-200 cm soil layer showed closely relationship with grain protein in 2012-2013, and the soil water storage in the 200-300 cm soil layer showed closely relationship with grain protein in 2013-2014. Focusing on the contribution to grain protein yield, SS influenced the grain protein yield by affecting the soil water storage at anthesis; Under the condition of SS, the mulched-sowing influenced the grain protein yield by affecting the soil water storage at booting stage, and the contribution under FM was higher than under FSH. 【Conclusion】SS was beneficial to accumulate the precipitation. Mulched-sowing was conductive to reserve the soil water, such effect could last to anthesis. The soil water during the medium-term of the whole life related closely to the grain protein accumulation. In conclusion, SS plus film-mulched sowing could ultimately achieve the coordinated improvement of yield and grain protein content.
【Objective】The objective of this paper was to clarify the effects of sub-soiling in fallow period(SS) and mulched-sowing on soil water storage, so as to contribute to explore the best tillage and mulched-sowing technique of winter wheat, which could further improve wheat grain yield and quality coordinately. 【Method】Field experiment was carried out from 2012 to 2014 in Wenxi, Shanxi province. Taking with or without SS as the main plots and three sowing methods(film-mulched soil hole sowing, FSH; film-mulched sowing, FM; drill sowing, DS) as the subplots, the effects of sub-soiling and mulched-sowing on soil water storage in the depth of 3 m, grain yield, grain protein content and yield were assessed.【Result】Compared with NT, the soil water storage in 0-300 cm soil layer from sowing stage to anthesis was improved significantly under SS, the yield was increased by 12%-30%, and the grain glutenin content and grain protein yield were improved significantly. Compared with DS, the soil water storage from wintering stage to anthesis stage was improved significantly, the grain yield was increased by 6%-24%, the grain gliadin content, grain protein content and grain protein yield increased significantly, the grain albumin increased. Compared with FSH, the soil water storage at anthesis was decreased significantly under the condition of SS combined with FM, yet showed no significant difference at each stage under the condition of NT combined with FM. The grain yield under FM was superior to that under FSH, showing significant difference under SS in 2012-2013, NT in 2013-2014. Under the condition of SS, the grain protein components content, grain protein content and yield were improved significantly under FM, compared with FSH. In addition, the soil water storage in the soil layer of 0-100, 100-200, 200-300 cm at anthesis showed positive effect by interaction, the soil water storage in the 100-200 cm soil layer showed closely relationship with grain protein in 2012-2013, and the soil water storage in the 200-300 cm soil layer showed closely relationship with grain protein in 2013-2014. Focusing on the contribution to grain protein yield, SS influenced the grain protein yield by affecting the soil water storage at anthesis; Under the condition of SS, the mulched-sowing influenced the grain protein yield by affecting the soil water storage at booting stage, and the contribution under FM was higher than under FSH. 【Conclusion】SS was beneficial to accumulate the precipitation. Mulched-sowing was conductive to reserve the soil water, such effect could last to anthesis. The soil water during the medium-term of the whole life related closely to the grain protein accumulation. In conclusion, SS plus film-mulched sowing could ultimately achieve the coordinated improvement of yield and grain protein content.
引文
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