中国水稻病虫草害治理60年:问题与对策
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摘要
自第一次绿色革命以来,随着感性高产品种的大面积推广、化肥和农药的大量使用,在显著提高产量的同时,严重削弱了稻田系统的自然调控功能,导致病虫草危害加重。为有效控制有害生物危害,防治技术和治理策略已经历了从化学防治、初级综合防治和综合治理进而生态治理等多个阶段的发展。然而,尽管在有效控制有害生物对当季作物危害上取得了良好成绩,每年挽回稻谷损失数千万吨,但小虫成大灾、多病共发、杂草群落演变、重要病虫草害抗药性突出等问题,仍严重地威胁到粮食安全和生态安全。为确保水稻生产的可持续集约发展,植物保护研究必须从建设健康稻田系统总体目标出发,加强与相关学科合作,努力提升科技协同创新能力和稻田生态系统自然调控功能,并完善管理和政策保障体系,以确保绿色防控、生态治理技术的成功实施。
Since the 1 st green revolution, pest problems were getting more serious as significant reduction of natural regulation function in rice ecosystem resulted from susceptible high yielding varieties and heavy use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in large areas. To reduce pest problems, technology and strategies for pest management have been going through four phases, chemical control, primary integrated pest control, pest management and ecological engineering. However, new problems including serious yield losses caused by small insects, simultaneous outbreaks of multiple diseases, succession of weeds and genetic resistant problems although heavy yield losses have been retrieved. In order to accomplish the sustainable intensified agriculture, plant protection workers should work together with scientists in other disciplines to enhance natural regulating functions in rice ecosystems, coordinated innovation to develop new technology and management system for implementing green plant protection strategies from the view of healthy rice ecosystems.
Since the 1 st green revolution, pest problems were getting more serious as significant reduction of natural regulation function in rice ecosystem resulted from susceptible high yielding varieties and heavy use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in large areas. To reduce pest problems, technology and strategies for pest management have been going through four phases, chemical control, primary integrated pest control, pest management and ecological engineering. However, new problems including serious yield losses caused by small insects, simultaneous outbreaks of multiple diseases, succession of weeds and genetic resistant problems although heavy yield losses have been retrieved. In order to accomplish the sustainable intensified agriculture, plant protection workers should work together with scientists in other disciplines to enhance natural regulating functions in rice ecosystems, coordinated innovation to develop new technology and management system for implementing green plant protection strategies from the view of healthy rice ecosystems.
引文
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