广东省三文鱼淡水寄生虫感染情况调查与分析
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摘要
目的对广东省养殖及市售各环节三文鱼(本文泛指鲑科鱼类)的淡水寄生虫感染状况进行调查,分析广东省居民生食三文鱼感染淡水寄生虫的风险。方法在广州、深圳及佛山市的市售环节共采集三文鱼生155份;在广东省2个养殖场、青海省1个养殖场共采集鳟鱼肉样品84份并对养殖场进行环境卫生调查。对采集的三文鱼肉样品,用酶消化法检测致病性淡水寄生虫。采用SPSS20.0软件进行统计学分析。结果采自养殖、流通及餐饮环节的三文鱼样品共239份,使用酶消化法均未检出华支睾吸虫囊蚴等致病性寄生虫。养殖环境调查显示,3家养殖场环境总体良好,均无人为的粪便污染渠道,其中1家周边可见猫、狗自由出入。结论目前广东省生食三文鱼淡水寄生虫感染风险较低,但仍需持续开展监测及相关研究工作,掌握淡水三文鱼养殖及消费的远期寄生虫感染风险;通过推广三文鱼规范化养殖和鱼生冷冻灭虫处理、加强养殖卫生监管以及饮食卫生宣教等措施,最大程度降低生食三文鱼淡水寄生虫感染风险。
Objective To investigate the infection status of freshwater parasites in aquaculture and commercially available salmon(this article refers to salmonids) in Guangdong province, and analyze the risk of freshwater parasites in raw salmon in Guangdong province. Methods Totally 155 salmon samples of marketing links were collected from Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Foshan city; 84 rainbow trout and golden trout samples were collected in 2 aquafarms inside Guangdong province and 1 aquafarm in Qinghai province, and the environmental surveys of these farms wereconducted. For all collected salmon samples, pathogenic freshwater parasites were examined by enzymatic digestion method. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS20.0 software. Results A total of 239 salmon samples were collected from the breeding, distribution and catering sectors. No pathogenic parasites such as Clonorchis sinensis were detected by enzymatic digestion. The survey of aquaculture environment showed that the environment of the 3 farms was generally good, and there were no channels of fecal pollution, but 1 of them could see free access to cats and dogs. Conclusion At present, the risk of freshwater parasitic infections of raw salmon in Guangdong is low, but monitoring and related research work is still needed to grasp the risk of long-term parasitic infections of freshwater salmon farming and consumption. We can minimize the risk of freshwater parasite infection of raw salmon by promoting salmon standardized culture and fish freezing and pest control and strengthening aquaculture health supervision and food hygiene education and other measures.
Objective To investigate the infection status of freshwater parasites in aquaculture and commercially available salmon(this article refers to salmonids) in Guangdong province, and analyze the risk of freshwater parasites in raw salmon in Guangdong province. Methods Totally 155 salmon samples of marketing links were collected from Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Foshan city; 84 rainbow trout and golden trout samples were collected in 2 aquafarms inside Guangdong province and 1 aquafarm in Qinghai province, and the environmental surveys of these farms wereconducted. For all collected salmon samples, pathogenic freshwater parasites were examined by enzymatic digestion method. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS20.0 software. Results A total of 239 salmon samples were collected from the breeding, distribution and catering sectors. No pathogenic parasites such as Clonorchis sinensis were detected by enzymatic digestion. The survey of aquaculture environment showed that the environment of the 3 farms was generally good, and there were no channels of fecal pollution, but 1 of them could see free access to cats and dogs. Conclusion At present, the risk of freshwater parasitic infections of raw salmon in Guangdong is low, but monitoring and related research work is still needed to grasp the risk of long-term parasitic infections of freshwater salmon farming and consumption. We can minimize the risk of freshwater parasite infection of raw salmon by promoting salmon standardized culture and fish freezing and pest control and strengthening aquaculture health supervision and food hygiene education and other measures.
引文
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[19]程荣先,肖启琼,郑自立,等.野生麦穗鱼易感华支睾吸虫尾蚴的原因探讨[J].中国寄生虫病防治杂志,2005,(2):155.Cheng RX,Xiao QQ,Zhen ZL,et al.The explore on the reasons of wild Pseudorasbora parva infected easily with clonorchis sinensis cercaria[J].Chin J Parasitic Dis,2005,(2):155.
[20]张均和,林启,徐徐,等.浙江省舟山渔场鱼类异尖线虫感染现况调查[J].疾病监测,2010,(6):469-473.Zhang JH,Lin Q,Xu X,et al.Survey of infection of anisakis(L3)in marine fishes caught in the sea around Zhoushan,Zhejiang province[J].Dis Surveill,2010,(6):469-473.
[21]王丽坤,崔宇超,侯美如,等.鱼寄生虫囊蚴检测方法的比较分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016,(16):206-207.Wang LK,Cui YC,Hou MR,et al.Comparative analysis of the detection methods for metacercariaof fish parasites[J].Heilongjiang Anim Sci Vet Med,2016,(16):206-207.
[22]李秉正,王恩荣,曹颖林,等.华支睾吸虫与华支睾吸虫病[M].沈阳:沈阳出版社,1997.Li BZ,Wang ER,Cao YL,et al.Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis[M].Shenyang:Shenyang Publishing House,1997.
[2]吴平芳,贺连华,冼慧霞,等.生食冰鲜三文鱼卫生质量调查[J].现代预防医学,2009,(8):1564-1565.Wu PF,He LH,Xian HX,et al.Surveyon thesanitaryquality of raw salmon[J].Mod Prev Med,2009,(8):1564-1565.
[3]王维林,王武民,陈祥.静水充氧式三文鱼人工养殖技术[J].黑龙江水产,2003,(2):7-9.Wang WL,Wang WM,Chen X.Artificial culture technology of salmon in still water oxygenated[J].Heilongjiang Fisher,2003,(2):7-9.
[4]朱崇扬.浅淡三文鱼淡水养殖技术[J].科学养鱼,2018,(4):39-40.Zhu CY.A brief talk on freshwater culture technology of salmon[J].Sci Fish Farm,2018,(4):39-40.
[5]林金祥,李友松,周宪民,等.食源性寄生虫病图释[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2009.Lin JX,Li YS,Zhou XM,et al.Atlas and comments for food-borne parasitic diseases[M].Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,2009.
[6]Li T,He S,Zhao H,et al.Major trends in human parasitic diseases in China[J].Trends Parasitol,2010,26(5):264-270.
[7]Lun ZR,Gasser RB,Lai DH,et al.Clonorchiasis:A key foodborne zoonosis in China[J].Lancet Infect Dis,2005,5(1):31-41.
[8]Lv S,Zhang Y,Steinmann P,et al.Emerging angiostrongyliasis in mainland China[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2008,14(1):161-164.
[9]Santos C,Howgate P.Fishborne zoonotic parasites and aquaculture:Areview[J].Aquaculture,2011,318(3):253-261.
[10]黄文繁,俞慕华,李博,等.深圳市南山区食用淡水鱼华支睾吸虫囊蚴感染情况调查[J].职业与健康,2005,(7):1033-1034.Huang WF,Yu MH,Li B,et al.Investigation on the infection of encysted metacercaria on fresh water fish in Nanshan district of Shenzhen[J].Occup Health,2005,(7):1033-1034.
[11]张贤昌,裴福全,张启明,等.广东省部分地区淡水养殖环境卫生及华支睾吸虫中间宿主感染情况分析[J].华南预防医学,2010,36(3):9-13Zhang XC.Pei FQ,Zhang QM,et al.Survey and analysis on the current status of sanitation and Clonorchis sinensis infection of freshwater aquaculture in partial areas of Guangdong province[J].South China JPrev Med,2010,36(3):9-13
[12]国家食品安全风险评估中心,2018年国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册(下卷)[Z].China National Center for Safety Risk Assessment.Handbook of national food pollution and hazardous factor risk monitoring in 2018(Volume II)[Z].
[13]黄艳,余新炳.食源性寄生虫病流行趋势、研究与发展方向[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,2015,33(6):436-442.Huang Y,Yu XB.Endemic,trend,research and direction of food-borne parasitic diseases[J].Chin J Parasitol Paras Dis,2015,33(6):436-442.
[14]林陈鑫,林诗涵,陈伟伟,等.福建省市售水产品中寄生虫感染调查[J].中国人兽共患病学报,2017,33(6):564-568.Lin CX,Lin SH,Chen WW,et al.Parasite pollution in aquatic products marketed in Fujian province[J].Chin J Zoono,2017,33(6):564-568.
[15]赵海军,李红权,种炎,等.我国进口三文鱼质量安全现状及对策研究[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2015,(10):3947-3952.Zhao HJ,Li HQ,Zhong Y,et al.Research on quality analysis and regulatory countermeasures of imported salmon in China[J].J Food Saf Qual,2015,(10):3947-3952.
[16]黄新华,李志奇,张学军,等.阳山县餐馆淡水鱼品肝吸虫感染状况的调查[J].热带医学杂志,2010,10(7):896-897.Huang XH,Li ZQ,Zhang XJ,et al.Survey of clonorchis sinensis infection in freshwater fish at eatery in yangshan county[J].J Trop Med,2010,10(7):896-897.
[17]张小萍,蒋守富,洪国宝,等.上海市市售食品食源性寄生虫污染状况调查[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2012,24(4):404-409.Zhang XP,Jiang SF,Hong GB,et al.Investigation on food contamination with parasites in Shanghai market[J].Chin J Schi Control,2012,24(4):404-409.
[18]罗超,陈喜珪,覃金红,等.咸宁市淡水鱼感染华支睾吸虫囊蚴情况调查[J].中国病原生物学杂志,2011,6(9):687-688.Luo C,Chen XG,Qin JH,et al.Investigation of infection with Clonorchis sinensis in freshwater fish from Xianning city[J].J Pathogen Biol,2011,6(9):687-688.
[19]程荣先,肖启琼,郑自立,等.野生麦穗鱼易感华支睾吸虫尾蚴的原因探讨[J].中国寄生虫病防治杂志,2005,(2):155.Cheng RX,Xiao QQ,Zhen ZL,et al.The explore on the reasons of wild Pseudorasbora parva infected easily with clonorchis sinensis cercaria[J].Chin J Parasitic Dis,2005,(2):155.
[20]张均和,林启,徐徐,等.浙江省舟山渔场鱼类异尖线虫感染现况调查[J].疾病监测,2010,(6):469-473.Zhang JH,Lin Q,Xu X,et al.Survey of infection of anisakis(L3)in marine fishes caught in the sea around Zhoushan,Zhejiang province[J].Dis Surveill,2010,(6):469-473.
[21]王丽坤,崔宇超,侯美如,等.鱼寄生虫囊蚴检测方法的比较分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016,(16):206-207.Wang LK,Cui YC,Hou MR,et al.Comparative analysis of the detection methods for metacercariaof fish parasites[J].Heilongjiang Anim Sci Vet Med,2016,(16):206-207.
[22]李秉正,王恩荣,曹颖林,等.华支睾吸虫与华支睾吸虫病[M].沈阳:沈阳出版社,1997.Li BZ,Wang ER,Cao YL,et al.Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis[M].Shenyang:Shenyang Publishing House,1997.