振荡型雷电冲击电压和标准雷电冲击电压在220kV GIS中的分布特性研究
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摘要
GIS具有优良的性能,被广泛应用于电力系统,其在出厂时会进行双指数型冲击考核其绝缘性能,而在现场试验时则会采用振荡型冲击电压波形,在两种冲击电压波形作用下GIS内部各节点的电压分布情况是进行试验结果分析的基础。为了掌握不同类型冲击下的电压分布情况,文中利用数值仿真软件ATP-EMTP,对某220 kV GIS设备进行了仿真建模,分别对振荡雷电冲击波与标准雷电冲击波两种电压波下GIS中波的传播情况和各节点出线的电压分布进行了仿真研究,并对两种电压波作用下的节点电压进行了比对分析。结果表明,相比振荡型雷电冲击,施加双指数雷电冲击时会出现相对较大的过电压,随着测量节点与入口处距离的增加,节点电压降低,波形的畸变减弱。文中的研究结果为GIS现场冲击耐压试验方案的确定、整体绝缘强度的判断提供了数据支持。
GIS(gas insulated switchgear)is widely used in power system for its excellent performance. Insulation assessment of GIS by standard impulse is performed in factory,whereas oscillating impulse is adopted in field test.The distribution of voltage on the nodes inside GIS induced by oscillating impulse or standard impulse is the basis for test result analysis. To understand the voltage distribution under the two impulses,this paper adopts the numerical simulation software ATP-EMTP to simulate the wave propagations in a 220 kV GIS,and the voltages on internal nodes induced by the two impulses are obtained and compared. The results show that there will be higher overvoltage under standard lightning impulse than that under oscillating lightning impulse. With the increase of distance between measuring point and entrance,the voltage on node drops and its distortion decreases. This study would provide data support for the choice of field test scheme and insulation evaluation of GIS.
GIS(gas insulated switchgear)is widely used in power system for its excellent performance. Insulation assessment of GIS by standard impulse is performed in factory,whereas oscillating impulse is adopted in field test.The distribution of voltage on the nodes inside GIS induced by oscillating impulse or standard impulse is the basis for test result analysis. To understand the voltage distribution under the two impulses,this paper adopts the numerical simulation software ATP-EMTP to simulate the wave propagations in a 220 kV GIS,and the voltages on internal nodes induced by the two impulses are obtained and compared. The results show that there will be higher overvoltage under standard lightning impulse than that under oscillating lightning impulse. With the increase of distance between measuring point and entrance,the voltage on node drops and its distortion decreases. This study would provide data support for the choice of field test scheme and insulation evaluation of GIS.
引文
[1]郭治锋,赵学风,顾朝敏,等.振荡冲击电压下SF6极不均匀场间隙的放电特性[J].高压电器,2010,46(10):62-64.GUO Zhifeng,ZHAO Xuefeng,GU Chaomin,et al.Discharge characteristics of SF6non-uniform field gap under oscillating impulses[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2010,46(10):62-64.
[2]MEIJER S,GULSKI E,SMIT J J,et al.Breakdown of fixed defects in SF6under different voltage wave shapes[C]//Proceedings of International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials.[S.l.]:IEEE,2005:702-705.
[3]GALLIMBERTI I,WIEGART N.Streamer and leader formation in SF6and SF6mixtures under positive impulse conditions:I.Corona development[J].Journal of Physics DApplied Physics 1986,19(12):2351.
[4]郭治锋,赵学风,吴磊,等.振荡型冲击电压下GIS绝缘气隙模型的局部放电研究[J].陕西电力,2011,39(3):21-25.GUO Zhifeng,ZHAO Xuefeng,WU Lei,et al.Partial discharge of GIS insulation void models under oscillating impulse voltage[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2011,39(3):21-25.
[5]UETA G,KANEKO S,OKABE S.Evaluation of breakdown characteristics of gas insulated switchgears for non-standard lightning impulse waveforms-breakdown characteristics under non-uniform electric field[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(5):1430-1438.
[6]UETA G,KANEKO S,OKABE S.Evaluation of breakdown characteristics of gas insulated switchgears for non-standard lightning impulse waveforms-breakdown characteristics for double-frequency oscillations under non-uniform electric field[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2009,16(3):815-825.
[7]UETA G,KANEKO S,OKABE S.Evaluation of breakdown characteristics of gas insulated switchgears for non-standard lightning impulse waveforms-breakdown characteristics in the presence of bias voltages under non-uniform electric field[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2009,16(2):543-551.
[8]刘强,郭洁.550 k V GIS不同冲击波试验电压作用下的电压等价性分析[J].高压电器,2013,49(10):114-120.LIU Qiang,GUO Jie.Voltage equivalent analysis of 550 k V GIS under different impulse testing voltages[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2013,49(10):114-120.
[9]OKABE S,UETA G.Evaluation of breakdown characteristics of gas insulated switchgears for non-standard lightning impulse waveforms-breakdown characteristics for non-standard lightning impulse waveforms under diverse conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(5):1415-1423.
[10]OKABE S,YUASA S,KANEKO S,et al.Evaluation of breakdown characteristics of gas insulated switchgears for non-standard lightning impulse waveforms-method for converting non-standard lightning impulse waveforms into standard lightning impulse waveforms[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2009,16(1):42-51.
[11]IEC 60060-3:2006 High voltage test techniques Part 3:Definitions and requirements for on-site tests[S].2006.
[12]FRANK P D.Experiences of PD diagnosis on MV cablesusing oscillating voltages[C]//2005 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference&Exhibition.Dalian:IEEE,2005:1-7.
[13]朱旭东.GIS现场耐压试验用振荡操作波发生器研究[J].高电压技术,1992,66(4):57-60.ZHU Xudong.Study of performance of oscillating switching impulse generator for GIS on-site testing[J].High Voltage Engineering,1992,66(4):57-60.
[14]亓超.基于ATP-Draw的220 k V户外变电站雷电侵入波计算分析[D].济南:山东大学,2013.QI Chao.Based on the ATP-Draw of 220 k V substation lighting protection calculation and analysis[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2013.
[15]张曦,何增科,张尊严.330 k V GIS变电站雷电过电压仿真研究[J].陕西电力,2007,35(10):18-21.ZHANG Xi,HE Zengke,ZHANG Zunyan.Simulation and study on the lightning overvoltage for 330 k V GIS substation[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2007,35(10):18-21.
[16]马御棠,曹晓斌,王磊,等.雷电参数与地形结合的输电线路绕击闪络率计算[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(1):79-86.MA Yutang,CAO Xiaobin,WANG Lei,et al.Calculation of the transmission line shielding failure trip rate by combination the lightning parameters and terrain parameters[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(1):79-86.
[17]刘建华,李鹏飞,庞乐乐,等.提高35 k V架空输电线路反击耐雷水平的仿真优化分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(1):110-114.LIU Jianhua,LI Pengfei,PANG Lele,et al.Simulation and optimization analysis on improving the strike back lightning withstanding level of 35 k V overhead[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2515(1):110-114.
[18]马文磊.110 k V及以下变电站铁磁谐振过电压仿真研究及应用[D].河北:华北电力大学,2008.MA Wenlei.Simulation and application research of FRO of110 k V substation and lower[D].Hebei:North China Electric Power University,2008.
[19]杜林,唐启尧,陈辉.三峡电站GIS快速暂态过电压现场试验及分析[J].高电压技术,2009,35(7):1743-1747.DU Lin,TANG Qiyao,CHEN Hui.Field measurement and analysis on very fast transient overvoltage of GIS in Three Gorges Power Plant[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(7):1743-1747.
[20]胡伟,陈勇,万启发,等.三峡550 k V GIS的雷电冲击耐受试验方法[J].高电压技术,2011,37(4):883-887.HU Wei,CHEN Yong,WAN Qifa,et al.Test on lightning impulse withstand voltage of the Three Gorges Right Bank550 k V GIS substation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(4):883-887.
[21]薛艺为.500 k V变电站雷电过电压仿真计算研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2012(5):74-78.XUE Yiwei.Simulation and calculation research on 500 k V substation lighting overvoltage[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2012(5):74-78.
[22]李毅,周力行.500 k V GIS变电站雷电侵入波保护方案及波形分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2008(2):18-20.LI Yi,ZHOU Lihang.500 k V protection against lightning impulse ingression to 500 k V GIS and impulse analysis[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2008,8(2):18-20.
[23]唐力,李海明,高晋文,等.雷电流建模方法及其对架空线路耐雷性能分析影响的研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(2):37-43.TANG Li,LI Haiming,GAO Jinwen,et al.Study on the modeling approach of lightning current and its influence on overhead line lightning withstand performance analysis[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(2):37-43.
[24]陈梁金,李思南,谢鹏,等.750 k V GIS变电站雷电侵入波过电压的研究[J].高电压技术,2006,32(8):18-21.CHEN Liangjin,LI Sinan,XIE Peng,et al.Study on the lightning intruding over-voltage in 750 k V GIS substation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2006,32(8):18-21.
[2]MEIJER S,GULSKI E,SMIT J J,et al.Breakdown of fixed defects in SF6under different voltage wave shapes[C]//Proceedings of International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials.[S.l.]:IEEE,2005:702-705.
[3]GALLIMBERTI I,WIEGART N.Streamer and leader formation in SF6and SF6mixtures under positive impulse conditions:I.Corona development[J].Journal of Physics DApplied Physics 1986,19(12):2351.
[4]郭治锋,赵学风,吴磊,等.振荡型冲击电压下GIS绝缘气隙模型的局部放电研究[J].陕西电力,2011,39(3):21-25.GUO Zhifeng,ZHAO Xuefeng,WU Lei,et al.Partial discharge of GIS insulation void models under oscillating impulse voltage[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2011,39(3):21-25.
[5]UETA G,KANEKO S,OKABE S.Evaluation of breakdown characteristics of gas insulated switchgears for non-standard lightning impulse waveforms-breakdown characteristics under non-uniform electric field[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(5):1430-1438.
[6]UETA G,KANEKO S,OKABE S.Evaluation of breakdown characteristics of gas insulated switchgears for non-standard lightning impulse waveforms-breakdown characteristics for double-frequency oscillations under non-uniform electric field[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2009,16(3):815-825.
[7]UETA G,KANEKO S,OKABE S.Evaluation of breakdown characteristics of gas insulated switchgears for non-standard lightning impulse waveforms-breakdown characteristics in the presence of bias voltages under non-uniform electric field[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2009,16(2):543-551.
[8]刘强,郭洁.550 k V GIS不同冲击波试验电压作用下的电压等价性分析[J].高压电器,2013,49(10):114-120.LIU Qiang,GUO Jie.Voltage equivalent analysis of 550 k V GIS under different impulse testing voltages[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2013,49(10):114-120.
[9]OKABE S,UETA G.Evaluation of breakdown characteristics of gas insulated switchgears for non-standard lightning impulse waveforms-breakdown characteristics for non-standard lightning impulse waveforms under diverse conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(5):1415-1423.
[10]OKABE S,YUASA S,KANEKO S,et al.Evaluation of breakdown characteristics of gas insulated switchgears for non-standard lightning impulse waveforms-method for converting non-standard lightning impulse waveforms into standard lightning impulse waveforms[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2009,16(1):42-51.
[11]IEC 60060-3:2006 High voltage test techniques Part 3:Definitions and requirements for on-site tests[S].2006.
[12]FRANK P D.Experiences of PD diagnosis on MV cablesusing oscillating voltages[C]//2005 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference&Exhibition.Dalian:IEEE,2005:1-7.
[13]朱旭东.GIS现场耐压试验用振荡操作波发生器研究[J].高电压技术,1992,66(4):57-60.ZHU Xudong.Study of performance of oscillating switching impulse generator for GIS on-site testing[J].High Voltage Engineering,1992,66(4):57-60.
[14]亓超.基于ATP-Draw的220 k V户外变电站雷电侵入波计算分析[D].济南:山东大学,2013.QI Chao.Based on the ATP-Draw of 220 k V substation lighting protection calculation and analysis[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2013.
[15]张曦,何增科,张尊严.330 k V GIS变电站雷电过电压仿真研究[J].陕西电力,2007,35(10):18-21.ZHANG Xi,HE Zengke,ZHANG Zunyan.Simulation and study on the lightning overvoltage for 330 k V GIS substation[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2007,35(10):18-21.
[16]马御棠,曹晓斌,王磊,等.雷电参数与地形结合的输电线路绕击闪络率计算[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(1):79-86.MA Yutang,CAO Xiaobin,WANG Lei,et al.Calculation of the transmission line shielding failure trip rate by combination the lightning parameters and terrain parameters[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(1):79-86.
[17]刘建华,李鹏飞,庞乐乐,等.提高35 k V架空输电线路反击耐雷水平的仿真优化分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(1):110-114.LIU Jianhua,LI Pengfei,PANG Lele,et al.Simulation and optimization analysis on improving the strike back lightning withstanding level of 35 k V overhead[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2515(1):110-114.
[18]马文磊.110 k V及以下变电站铁磁谐振过电压仿真研究及应用[D].河北:华北电力大学,2008.MA Wenlei.Simulation and application research of FRO of110 k V substation and lower[D].Hebei:North China Electric Power University,2008.
[19]杜林,唐启尧,陈辉.三峡电站GIS快速暂态过电压现场试验及分析[J].高电压技术,2009,35(7):1743-1747.DU Lin,TANG Qiyao,CHEN Hui.Field measurement and analysis on very fast transient overvoltage of GIS in Three Gorges Power Plant[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(7):1743-1747.
[20]胡伟,陈勇,万启发,等.三峡550 k V GIS的雷电冲击耐受试验方法[J].高电压技术,2011,37(4):883-887.HU Wei,CHEN Yong,WAN Qifa,et al.Test on lightning impulse withstand voltage of the Three Gorges Right Bank550 k V GIS substation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(4):883-887.
[21]薛艺为.500 k V变电站雷电过电压仿真计算研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2012(5):74-78.XUE Yiwei.Simulation and calculation research on 500 k V substation lighting overvoltage[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2012(5):74-78.
[22]李毅,周力行.500 k V GIS变电站雷电侵入波保护方案及波形分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2008(2):18-20.LI Yi,ZHOU Lihang.500 k V protection against lightning impulse ingression to 500 k V GIS and impulse analysis[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2008,8(2):18-20.
[23]唐力,李海明,高晋文,等.雷电流建模方法及其对架空线路耐雷性能分析影响的研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(2):37-43.TANG Li,LI Haiming,GAO Jinwen,et al.Study on the modeling approach of lightning current and its influence on overhead line lightning withstand performance analysis[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(2):37-43.
[24]陈梁金,李思南,谢鹏,等.750 k V GIS变电站雷电侵入波过电压的研究[J].高电压技术,2006,32(8):18-21.CHEN Liangjin,LI Sinan,XIE Peng,et al.Study on the lightning intruding over-voltage in 750 k V GIS substation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2006,32(8):18-21.