极不均匀场中振荡型雷电冲击电压下变压器油击穿特性研究
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摘要
针对目前振荡型冲击电压和标准冲击电压的等效性研究尚不成熟的问题,采用100、300、400kHz的正极性振荡型雷电冲击电压(OLI)和标准雷电冲击电压(SLI)进行对比,以间距为5mm的针尖和球体作为电极,研究了极不均匀场中变压器油在振荡型雷电冲击电压下的击穿特性,记录了这3种频率的振荡型雷电冲击电压和标准雷电冲击电压的击穿波形,统计并分析了不同雷电冲击电压下的伏秒特性、起始击穿电压和最大击穿时延。结果表明:振荡型冲击电压下的变压器油击穿后会产生一定的振荡,需串接电阻抑制;标准雷电冲击电压的变压器油击穿点主要分布在波峰处,而振荡型雷电冲击电压的击穿点在每个振荡周期的峰值处都有分布;振荡型冲击电压的起始击穿电压随频率升高而上升,最大击穿时延随频率的升高而缩短,但比标准雷电冲击电压长。该研究为现场对变压器进行振荡型冲击耐压试验奠定了基础。
To reveal the equivalence between oscillating impulse voltage and standard impulse voltage(SIV)and the breakdown characteristics of transformer oil in a highly non-uniform electric field under oscillating lightning impulse,three positive oscillating lightning impulse(OLI)waveforms with oscillating frequency of 100,300 and 400 kHz are adopted as the test waveforms to compare with the standard lightning impulse(SLI)and a 5 mm-distance point-ball structure serves as the electrode.Waveforms of these three kinds of OLI and SLI are recorded and the V-t characteristics,minimum breakdown voltage and breakdown maximum time lag in different lightning impulse are counted and analyzed.The results show that for a large oscillation of the breakdown waveforms under OIV,it is necessary to connect a resistance in series to restrain;the breakdown points distribute near the peak of wave under SLI while they distribute near the peaks in every period of oscillation under OLI;the minimum breakdown voltage under OIV increases with the increasing frequency but the maximum breakdown time lag decreases with the increasing frequency and lasts longer than SLI.
To reveal the equivalence between oscillating impulse voltage and standard impulse voltage(SIV)and the breakdown characteristics of transformer oil in a highly non-uniform electric field under oscillating lightning impulse,three positive oscillating lightning impulse(OLI)waveforms with oscillating frequency of 100,300 and 400 kHz are adopted as the test waveforms to compare with the standard lightning impulse(SLI)and a 5 mm-distance point-ball structure serves as the electrode.Waveforms of these three kinds of OLI and SLI are recorded and the V-t characteristics,minimum breakdown voltage and breakdown maximum time lag in different lightning impulse are counted and analyzed.The results show that for a large oscillation of the breakdown waveforms under OIV,it is necessary to connect a resistance in series to restrain;the breakdown points distribute near the peak of wave under SLI while they distribute near the peaks in every period of oscillation under OLI;the minimum breakdown voltage under OIV increases with the increasing frequency but the maximum breakdown time lag decreases with the increasing frequency and lasts longer than SLI.
引文
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[18]BHUYAN K,CHATTERJEE S.Study of effects of standard and non-standard impulse waves on power transformer[C]∥Joint International Conference on Power Electronics,Drives and Energy Systems.Piscataway,NJ,USA:IEEE,2015:1-4.
[19]ROZGA P.Influence of paper insulation on the prebreakdown phenomena in mineral oil under lightning impulse[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2011,18(3):720-727.
[2]能源部电力科学研究院.绝缘液体雷电冲击击穿测定方法:DL418-91[S].北京:中国国家标准化管理委员会,2007.
[3]IEC.High voltage test techniques:part 3 Definitions and requirements for on-site tests:IEC60060-3 Ed.1.0[S].Geneva,Swiss:IEC,2005.
[4]LIANG J,ZHANG L,LI J,et al.Study on oscillating switching impulse voltage generation for power transformer onsite test[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(5):2223-2230.
[5]王喆,张乔根,王同磊.非标准雷电冲击电压下油纸绝缘击穿特性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2931-2937.WANG Zhe,ZHANG Qiaogen,WANG Tonglei.Non standard lightning impulse breakdown voltage of oil paper insulation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(9):2931-2937.
[6]李元,穆海宝,邓军波.正极性纳秒脉冲电压下变压器油中流注放电仿真研究[J].物理学报,2013,62(12):334-344.LI Yuan,MU Haibao,DENG Junbo.The positive streamer discharge simulation of transformer oil under the voltage of nanosecond pulse[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2013,62(12):334-344.
[7]赵学风.冲击电压下SF6气体绝缘典型缺陷的局部放电特性及其应用研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2011:15-16.
[8]周远翔,孙清华,李光范.空间电荷对油纸绝缘击穿和沿面闪络的影响[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(2):27-33.ZHOU Yuanxiang,SUN Qinghua,LI Guangfan.The space charge effect of insulation breakdown and surface flashover of oil paper[J].Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(2):27-33.
[9]LIU R,JAKSTS A.Breakdown processes in transformer insulation under LI voltages[C]∥2005IEEEInternational Conference on Dielectric Liquids.Piscataway,NJ.USA:IEEE,2005:75-78.
[10]OKAE S,KOUTOU M,KAWASHIMA T,et al.Dielectric characteristics of oil-filled transformer insulation models under nonstandard lightning impulse voltages[C]∥Eleventh International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering.Piscataway,NJ,USA:IEEE,1999:345-348.
[11]OKABE S.Voltage-time and voltage-number characteristics of insulation elements with oil-filled transformers in EHV and UHV classes[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2006,13(2):436-444.
[12]POMPILI M,MAZZETTI C,BARTNIKAS R.Phase relationship of PD pulses in dielectric liquids under ac conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2000,7(1):113-117.
[13]MENDES J C,REIS A S G,NOGAWA E C.Advanced application of a natural ester vegetable oil in a HV power transformer[C]∥42nd International Conference on Large High Voltage Electric Systems 2008.Paris:France:CIGRE,2008:1-6.
[14]石油化工科学研究院.变压器油:GB 2536-90[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1990.
[15]LIU Rongsheng,JAKSTS A.Breakdown processes in transformer insulation under LI voltages[C]∥2005IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids.Piscataway,NJ,USA:IEEE,2005:75-78.
[16]MCCLUSKEY F M J,DENAT A,LESAINT O.Breakdown and prebreakdown phenomena in liquids under positive impulse voltages[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,1994,1(3):377-382.
[17]TORSHIN Y V.Initiation and propagation of the negative leader in transformer oil under impulse voltage[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2009,16(6):1536-1542.
[18]BHUYAN K,CHATTERJEE S.Study of effects of standard and non-standard impulse waves on power transformer[C]∥Joint International Conference on Power Electronics,Drives and Energy Systems.Piscataway,NJ,USA:IEEE,2015:1-4.
[19]ROZGA P.Influence of paper insulation on the prebreakdown phenomena in mineral oil under lightning impulse[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2011,18(3):720-727.