架空线路雷电感应过电压的避雷器与避雷线防护比较
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摘要
雷电感应过电压是架空线路安全运行面临的主要威胁之一,需要对比分析采用避雷线和避雷器对线路感应过电压的防护效果。利用EMTP软件建立线路模型,编程计算雷电感应过电压,分析安装避雷线或避雷器对感应过电压的防护效果,讨论雷击点距线路距离、避雷线高度、避雷器安装间距、接地电阻等因素对感应过电压抑制效果的影响。分析结果表明:线路安装避雷线或避雷器后,感应过电压得到了不同程度的抑制,避雷器抑制过电压效果更为明显;雷击点距线路越远,避雷线的抑制效果有所增强,避雷器抑制效果减弱越明显;避雷线高度越高,对感应过电压的抑制效果越差,避雷器安装越密,对感应过电压的抑制效果越明显;接地电阻的增加会削弱避雷器和避雷线对感应过电压的抑制效果,避雷器受其影响尤为明显,需要尽可能降低线路接地电阻。
Lightning induced overvoltage is major threattosafety operation of overhead lines,so it is necessary to compare protection of line surge arresters and ground wire against lightning induced overvoltage.Equivalent model of overhead line was establishedin EMTP as well as model to calculate lightninginduced voltage. Protection effects of ground wire and line arrester were presented. Influence of distance from lightning strike point to the overhead line,height of the ground wire,installation spacing of the line arrester and grounding resistance were discussed. Results show that: overvoltageof the overhead line could be inhibited to some degree after installing ground wire or line arrester,which is more obvious in case of line arrester. Inhibition effect of the ground wire decreases with the decreasing of distance from lightning strike point to the line as well as the increasing of height of the ground wire. Inhibition effect of theline arrester decreases with the increasing of distance from lightning strike point to the line as well as the increasing of installing density. Grounding resistance may influenced inhibition effect of the ground wire and line arrester which is particularlyobvious in line arrester,so it is essential to reducegrounding resistance as low as possible.
Lightning induced overvoltage is major threattosafety operation of overhead lines,so it is necessary to compare protection of line surge arresters and ground wire against lightning induced overvoltage.Equivalent model of overhead line was establishedin EMTP as well as model to calculate lightninginduced voltage. Protection effects of ground wire and line arrester were presented. Influence of distance from lightning strike point to the overhead line,height of the ground wire,installation spacing of the line arrester and grounding resistance were discussed. Results show that: overvoltageof the overhead line could be inhibited to some degree after installing ground wire or line arrester,which is more obvious in case of line arrester. Inhibition effect of the ground wire decreases with the decreasing of distance from lightning strike point to the line as well as the increasing of height of the ground wire. Inhibition effect of theline arrester decreases with the increasing of distance from lightning strike point to the line as well as the increasing of installing density. Grounding resistance may influenced inhibition effect of the ground wire and line arrester which is particularlyobvious in line arrester,so it is essential to reducegrounding resistance as low as possible.
引文
[1]横山茂.配电线路雷害对策[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008.
[2]吴广宁.过电压防护的理论与技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2015.
[3]何金良,曾嵘.配电线路雷电防护[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013.
[4]吴泳聪,陈远东,罗汉武,等.树木对10 k V配电线路防雷性能的影响[J].中国电力,2014,47(6):31-37.WU Yongcong,CHEN Yuandong,LUO Hanwu,et al.Study on the impact of trees on the lightning performance of 10 k V distribution lines[J]. Electric Power,2014,47(6):31-37.
[5]中国电力科学研究院.交流电气装置的过电压保护和绝缘配合设计规范:GB/T 50064—2014[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2014RUSCK S. Induced-lightning overvoltages on power transmission lines with special reference to the overvoltage protection of low voltage networks[J]. Trans of Royal Institute of Technology,1958,8(1/2):11-21.
[6] RUSCK S. Induced-lightning overvoltages on power transmission lines with special reference to the overvoltage protection of low voltage networks[J]. Trans of Royal Institute of Technology,1958,8(1/2):11-21.
[7] IEEE Std. 1410-2010. IEEE guide for improving the lightning performance of electric power overhead distribution lines[S].
[8]徐兴发,聂一雄,程汉湘,等.基于改进Agrawal模型和FDTD法的感应雷过电压算法[J].南方电网技术,2014(1):27-32.XU Xingfa,NIE Yixiong,CHENG Hanxiang,et al. A calculation method of lightning induced over-voltage with improved agrawal model and FDTD method[J]. Southern Power System Technology,2014(1):27-32.
[9]余占清,曾嵘,王绍安,等.配电线路雷电感应过电压仿真计算分析[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):415-422.YU Zhanqing,ZENG Rong,WANG Shaoan,et al. Simulation calculation and analysis of lightning induced overvoltage on power distribution lines[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):415-422.
[10]李云阁. ATP-EMTP及其在电力系统中的应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2016.
[11]李洁,王国平,赵建利,等.避雷线对高压架空配电线路雷电感应电压影响的分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(2):70-76.LI Jie,WANG Guoping,ZHAO Jianli,et al. Analysis of the influence of shield wires on the voltage induced by lightning on the high voltage overhead distribution lines[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(2):70-76.
[12]刘健,杨仲江,华荣强. 10 k V配电线路采用避雷器防护研究[J].高压电器,2017(9):181-185.LIU Jian,YANG Zhongjiang,HUA Rongqiang. Study on application of line surge arresters to 10 k V distribution line[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2017(9):181-185.
[13]向保林,孔祥海,任涛,等.改进的Agrawal多导传输线路感应雷过电压计算与防护研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2017(1):72-76.XIANG Baolin,KONG Xianghai,REN Tao,et al. Calculation and protection research of the lightning induced overvoltages on the improved agrawal multi-conductor transmission lines[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2017(1):72-76.
[14]窦志鹏,杨仲江,刘健.光伏组件的雷电感应过电压和过电流计算[J].电瓷避雷器,2017(3):47-51.DOU Zhipeng,YANG Zhongjiang,LIU Jian. Calculation of voltage and current induced by lightning electromagnetic fields in photovoltaic modules[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2017(3):47-51.
[15] FREDERICK M T,MICHEL V I,Torbjorn Karlsson.EMC分析方法与计算模型[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2009.
[16]陈绍东.基于自然和人工触发闪电的自动气象站雷电防护试验和理论研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2010.
[17]张玉凤,张鹏,李帅.风机塔筒的雷电电磁场屏蔽效能分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2016(4):42-46.ZHANG Yufeng,ZHANG Peng,LI Shuai. Analysis of lightning electromagnetic field shielding effectiveness of wind turbine towers[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2016(4):42-46.
[18] COORAY V. Calculating lightning-induced overvoltages in power lines:A comparison of two coupling models[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,1994,36(3):179-182.
[19]施荣,屠幼萍,张媛媛,等.避雷器改善35 k V配电线路耐雷水平的效果分析[J].电网技术,2006,30(19):92-96.SHI Rong,TU Youping,ZHANG Yuanyuan,et al. Analysis on effect of improving lightning withstand level of 35 k V transmission line by MOAs as line surge arrester[J]. Power System Technology,2006,30(19):92-96.
[20] ERIKSSON A J. An improved electro geometric model for transmission line shielding analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1987,2(3):871-886.
[2]吴广宁.过电压防护的理论与技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2015.
[3]何金良,曾嵘.配电线路雷电防护[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013.
[4]吴泳聪,陈远东,罗汉武,等.树木对10 k V配电线路防雷性能的影响[J].中国电力,2014,47(6):31-37.WU Yongcong,CHEN Yuandong,LUO Hanwu,et al.Study on the impact of trees on the lightning performance of 10 k V distribution lines[J]. Electric Power,2014,47(6):31-37.
[5]中国电力科学研究院.交流电气装置的过电压保护和绝缘配合设计规范:GB/T 50064—2014[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2014RUSCK S. Induced-lightning overvoltages on power transmission lines with special reference to the overvoltage protection of low voltage networks[J]. Trans of Royal Institute of Technology,1958,8(1/2):11-21.
[6] RUSCK S. Induced-lightning overvoltages on power transmission lines with special reference to the overvoltage protection of low voltage networks[J]. Trans of Royal Institute of Technology,1958,8(1/2):11-21.
[7] IEEE Std. 1410-2010. IEEE guide for improving the lightning performance of electric power overhead distribution lines[S].
[8]徐兴发,聂一雄,程汉湘,等.基于改进Agrawal模型和FDTD法的感应雷过电压算法[J].南方电网技术,2014(1):27-32.XU Xingfa,NIE Yixiong,CHENG Hanxiang,et al. A calculation method of lightning induced over-voltage with improved agrawal model and FDTD method[J]. Southern Power System Technology,2014(1):27-32.
[9]余占清,曾嵘,王绍安,等.配电线路雷电感应过电压仿真计算分析[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):415-422.YU Zhanqing,ZENG Rong,WANG Shaoan,et al. Simulation calculation and analysis of lightning induced overvoltage on power distribution lines[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):415-422.
[10]李云阁. ATP-EMTP及其在电力系统中的应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2016.
[11]李洁,王国平,赵建利,等.避雷线对高压架空配电线路雷电感应电压影响的分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(2):70-76.LI Jie,WANG Guoping,ZHAO Jianli,et al. Analysis of the influence of shield wires on the voltage induced by lightning on the high voltage overhead distribution lines[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(2):70-76.
[12]刘健,杨仲江,华荣强. 10 k V配电线路采用避雷器防护研究[J].高压电器,2017(9):181-185.LIU Jian,YANG Zhongjiang,HUA Rongqiang. Study on application of line surge arresters to 10 k V distribution line[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2017(9):181-185.
[13]向保林,孔祥海,任涛,等.改进的Agrawal多导传输线路感应雷过电压计算与防护研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2017(1):72-76.XIANG Baolin,KONG Xianghai,REN Tao,et al. Calculation and protection research of the lightning induced overvoltages on the improved agrawal multi-conductor transmission lines[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2017(1):72-76.
[14]窦志鹏,杨仲江,刘健.光伏组件的雷电感应过电压和过电流计算[J].电瓷避雷器,2017(3):47-51.DOU Zhipeng,YANG Zhongjiang,LIU Jian. Calculation of voltage and current induced by lightning electromagnetic fields in photovoltaic modules[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2017(3):47-51.
[15] FREDERICK M T,MICHEL V I,Torbjorn Karlsson.EMC分析方法与计算模型[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2009.
[16]陈绍东.基于自然和人工触发闪电的自动气象站雷电防护试验和理论研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2010.
[17]张玉凤,张鹏,李帅.风机塔筒的雷电电磁场屏蔽效能分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2016(4):42-46.ZHANG Yufeng,ZHANG Peng,LI Shuai. Analysis of lightning electromagnetic field shielding effectiveness of wind turbine towers[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2016(4):42-46.
[18] COORAY V. Calculating lightning-induced overvoltages in power lines:A comparison of two coupling models[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,1994,36(3):179-182.
[19]施荣,屠幼萍,张媛媛,等.避雷器改善35 k V配电线路耐雷水平的效果分析[J].电网技术,2006,30(19):92-96.SHI Rong,TU Youping,ZHANG Yuanyuan,et al. Analysis on effect of improving lightning withstand level of 35 k V transmission line by MOAs as line surge arrester[J]. Power System Technology,2006,30(19):92-96.
[20] ERIKSSON A J. An improved electro geometric model for transmission line shielding analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1987,2(3):871-886.