城市效应对区域雷电活动影响分析与灾害防御
|
摘要
为了研究城市化建设对区域雷电的影响,揭示自然环境的改变对雷电活动规律产生的变化,为不同区域雷电防护重点提供理论依据。本研究利用湖北省5个城市样本2007—2016年闪电定位资料,分析了所选样本城市城区和非城区云地闪密度以及日频、月频、季节变化、雷电流强度。结果表明:城区云地闪密度小于非城区云地闪密度,城市效应减小了城区雷电发生概率;云地闪日频次分布城区波动幅度比非城区大,分时城区雷电流平均跨度值明显大于非城区,城区受到局地气候的影响较大;全年各月正闪频次占比城区均大于非城区,雷电高发的月份城区云地闪强度均大于非城区。整体来看,城市效应使城区的云地闪密度降低,强度增加,且呈现出雷电流幅值跨度大等不稳定性,相对于非城区更容易出现极端雷暴事件。
The paper aims to study the effect of urbanization construction on regional lightning, reveal changes of lightning activity caused by natural environment change, and provide a basis for lightning disaster prevention in different regions. We analyzed the cloud-ground lightning density, diurnal frequency, monthly frequency, seasonal variation and lightning current intensity of the selected urban and non-urban areas based on the lightning location data from 2007 to 2016 in 5 cities of Hubei. The results showed that: the urban lightning density was less than non-urban, and the urban effect reduced the probability of lightning in urban areas; the lightning frequency distribution of urban areas was larger than that of non-urban areas, and the average span value of time-sharing lightning of urban areas was significantly larger than that of non-urban areas; the urban area was affected obviously by local climate; the positive lightning proportion of urban areaswas greater than that of non-urban areas in each month, and the lightning intensity of urban areas was larger than that of non-urban areas during lightning active phase. On the whole, the urban effect decreases the cloud-ground lightning density of the urban area and increases the intensity, and presents the instability such as big lightning current amplitude, thus the urban area is more prone to extreme thunderstorm events.
The paper aims to study the effect of urbanization construction on regional lightning, reveal changes of lightning activity caused by natural environment change, and provide a basis for lightning disaster prevention in different regions. We analyzed the cloud-ground lightning density, diurnal frequency, monthly frequency, seasonal variation and lightning current intensity of the selected urban and non-urban areas based on the lightning location data from 2007 to 2016 in 5 cities of Hubei. The results showed that: the urban lightning density was less than non-urban, and the urban effect reduced the probability of lightning in urban areas; the lightning frequency distribution of urban areas was larger than that of non-urban areas, and the average span value of time-sharing lightning of urban areas was significantly larger than that of non-urban areas; the urban area was affected obviously by local climate; the positive lightning proportion of urban areaswas greater than that of non-urban areas in each month, and the lightning intensity of urban areas was larger than that of non-urban areas during lightning active phase. On the whole, the urban effect decreases the cloud-ground lightning density of the urban area and increases the intensity, and presents the instability such as big lightning current amplitude, thus the urban area is more prone to extreme thunderstorm events.
引文
[1]郄秀书,张其林,袁铁,等.雷电物理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:1.
[2]潘家华,牛凤瑞,魏后凯,等.中国城市发展报告No.2[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2009:543.
[3]Oleson K,Bonan G,Feddema J,et al.An urban parameterization for a global climate model.Part 1:Formulation and evaluation for two cities[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology,2008,47:1038-1060.
[4]刘熙明,胡非,李磊,等.北京地区夏季城市气候趋势和环境效应的分析研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):689-697.
[5]Ulrickson B L.Effects of surface property variations on simulated daytime airflow over coastal southern California[J].Mon Wea Rev,1992,120(10):2264-2279.
[6]Baik J J,Kim Y H,Chun H Y.Dry and moist convection forced by an urban heat island[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,2001,40(8):1462-1475.
[7]李瑞芳,曹晓斌,陈奎,等.地域及气候对雷电参数的影响分析[J].高压电气,2016,52(3):63-68.
[8]高磊,潘解祥.城区与郊区不同地形地貌下云地闪分布规律初步研究[J].气象科技,2009,37(6):729-733.
[9]胡艳,端义宏.上海地区雷暴天气的气候变化及可能影响因素[J].中国海洋大学学报,2006,36(4):588-594.
[10]Ntelekos A A,Smith J A,Krajewski W F.Climatological analyses of thunderstorms and flash floods in the Baltimore metropolitan region[J].Journal of Hydrometeorology,2007,8(1):88-101.
[11]Rozoff C M,Cotton W R,Adegoke J O.Thunderstorms and the urban heat island[J].B Am Meteorol Soc,2003,84(6):756.
[12]江平,张科杰.近十年江汉平原雷电活动特征分析与灾害防御[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(20):3849-3852.
[13]张义军,孟青,马明,等.闪电探测技术发展和资料应用[J].应用气象学报,2006,17(5):611-620.
[14]薛根元,冯国标,何凤翩,等.闪电监测定位系统及其应用[J].应用气象学报,2004,32(4):274-277.
[15]秦建峰,刘梦雨,吴昊.ADTD雷电探测系统典型故障分析[J].气象科技,2012,40(2):180-184.
[16]成勤,王学良,肖稳安,等.我国中部五省云地闪电时空分布特征分析[J].暴雨灾害,2011,30(3):254-259.
[17]张璐,杨修群,汤剑平,等.夏季长三角城市群热岛效应及其对大气边界层结构影响的数值模拟[J].气象科学,2011,31(4):431-440.
[18]陈绿文.高建筑物对闪电活动及其特征的影响研究[D].北京:中国气象科学研究院,2014:125-126.
[19]耿雪莹,张其林,刘明远.地面建筑物(群)对雷暴云大气电场影响的模拟研究[J].气象科技,2012,40(5):827-833.
[20]辛跳儿,李军,贺千山,等.上海地区城市和郊区气温差异特征分析[J].大气科学研究与应用,2009,01:10-17.
[21]马明,吕伟涛,张义军,等.1997—2006年我国雷电灾情特征[J].应用气象学报,2008,19(4):393-400.
[22]史军,梁萍,万齐林,等.城市气候效应研究进展[J].热带气象学报,2011,27(6):942-951.
[2]潘家华,牛凤瑞,魏后凯,等.中国城市发展报告No.2[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2009:543.
[3]Oleson K,Bonan G,Feddema J,et al.An urban parameterization for a global climate model.Part 1:Formulation and evaluation for two cities[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology,2008,47:1038-1060.
[4]刘熙明,胡非,李磊,等.北京地区夏季城市气候趋势和环境效应的分析研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):689-697.
[5]Ulrickson B L.Effects of surface property variations on simulated daytime airflow over coastal southern California[J].Mon Wea Rev,1992,120(10):2264-2279.
[6]Baik J J,Kim Y H,Chun H Y.Dry and moist convection forced by an urban heat island[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,2001,40(8):1462-1475.
[7]李瑞芳,曹晓斌,陈奎,等.地域及气候对雷电参数的影响分析[J].高压电气,2016,52(3):63-68.
[8]高磊,潘解祥.城区与郊区不同地形地貌下云地闪分布规律初步研究[J].气象科技,2009,37(6):729-733.
[9]胡艳,端义宏.上海地区雷暴天气的气候变化及可能影响因素[J].中国海洋大学学报,2006,36(4):588-594.
[10]Ntelekos A A,Smith J A,Krajewski W F.Climatological analyses of thunderstorms and flash floods in the Baltimore metropolitan region[J].Journal of Hydrometeorology,2007,8(1):88-101.
[11]Rozoff C M,Cotton W R,Adegoke J O.Thunderstorms and the urban heat island[J].B Am Meteorol Soc,2003,84(6):756.
[12]江平,张科杰.近十年江汉平原雷电活动特征分析与灾害防御[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(20):3849-3852.
[13]张义军,孟青,马明,等.闪电探测技术发展和资料应用[J].应用气象学报,2006,17(5):611-620.
[14]薛根元,冯国标,何凤翩,等.闪电监测定位系统及其应用[J].应用气象学报,2004,32(4):274-277.
[15]秦建峰,刘梦雨,吴昊.ADTD雷电探测系统典型故障分析[J].气象科技,2012,40(2):180-184.
[16]成勤,王学良,肖稳安,等.我国中部五省云地闪电时空分布特征分析[J].暴雨灾害,2011,30(3):254-259.
[17]张璐,杨修群,汤剑平,等.夏季长三角城市群热岛效应及其对大气边界层结构影响的数值模拟[J].气象科学,2011,31(4):431-440.
[18]陈绿文.高建筑物对闪电活动及其特征的影响研究[D].北京:中国气象科学研究院,2014:125-126.
[19]耿雪莹,张其林,刘明远.地面建筑物(群)对雷暴云大气电场影响的模拟研究[J].气象科技,2012,40(5):827-833.
[20]辛跳儿,李军,贺千山,等.上海地区城市和郊区气温差异特征分析[J].大气科学研究与应用,2009,01:10-17.
[21]马明,吕伟涛,张义军,等.1997—2006年我国雷电灾情特征[J].应用气象学报,2008,19(4):393-400.
[22]史军,梁萍,万齐林,等.城市气候效应研究进展[J].热带气象学报,2011,27(6):942-951.