北方缺水河流生境质量评价研究——以妫水河为例
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摘要
北方地区由于缺水干旱、城市化进程发展和人为活动等影响导致河流生境退化严重,现有评价体系和方法不能很好地反映河流生境状况,基于此,构建了包括河流形态结构、水质水量、河岸带状况、景观环境、水生生物5个方面共13项指标的北方河流生境质量评价指标体系,确定了各指标的等级划分及生境质量综合指数计算方法。结合北京市延庆区妫水河生境调查结果,对流域内选取的妫水河干流及3条支流按照河流河段尺度分为缓坡型、山区型和城区型河段,并利用构建的评价体系和方法开展具体评价。结果表明:(1)研究区域13个样点的河流生境质量状况差异显著,约46.2%的样点河流生境质量处于好等级,约15.4%的样点为较好等级,约7.7%的样点为一般等级,约23.1%样点为较差等级,约7.7%的样点为最差等级。(2)缓坡型河段的生境质量明显优于山区型河段和城区型河段,其生境等级为"好",山区型和城区型河段的生境等级均为"较差",表明河流水量和人类负面干扰对河流生境影响较大。(3)该评价指标体系适合北方缺水干旱的特殊生境状况,其评价结果较为直观的反映了河流生境现状,兼备科学性和可操作性。
Due to the water shortage and the drought, development of urbanization and human activities in the northern region,the degradation of river habitats is serious. The existing evaluation systems and methods cannot reflect the conditions of river habitat well. Based on this situation,an evaluation index system of river habitat quality in the northern region is established,which includes 13 indicators from 5 aspects,including river morphology structure, water quality and quantity,riparian zone conditions,landscape environment and aquatic organisms. The grade classification of each index and the calculation method of comprehensive index of habitat quality are determined. Based on the habitat survey results of the Guishui River in Yanqing District of Beijing,the main stream and three tributaries of the Guishui River selected in the basin are classified into the type of gentle slope, mountain area and urban area according to the river reach scale, and the constructed evaluation systems and methods are used to carry out specific evaluation. The results show that:(1) There are significant differences in the quality of river habitat among the 13 sampling sites in the study area. About 46.2 % of the sampling sites are in very good grade, about 15.4 % in good grade,about 7.7 % in general grade,about 23.1 % in poor grade,and about 7.7 % in the worst grade.(2) The habitat quality of gentle slope reach is obviously better than that of mountain reach and urban reach,and its habitat grade is"Good"while the habitat grade of mountain reach and urban reach are both"Poor",which indicates that river water quantity and human negative interference have great influence on river habitat.(3) The evaluation index system is suitable for the special habitat conditions of water shortage and drought in the northern region. The evaluation results can reflect the current conditions of river habitat intuitively, which are both scientific and operable.
Due to the water shortage and the drought, development of urbanization and human activities in the northern region,the degradation of river habitats is serious. The existing evaluation systems and methods cannot reflect the conditions of river habitat well. Based on this situation,an evaluation index system of river habitat quality in the northern region is established,which includes 13 indicators from 5 aspects,including river morphology structure, water quality and quantity,riparian zone conditions,landscape environment and aquatic organisms. The grade classification of each index and the calculation method of comprehensive index of habitat quality are determined. Based on the habitat survey results of the Guishui River in Yanqing District of Beijing,the main stream and three tributaries of the Guishui River selected in the basin are classified into the type of gentle slope, mountain area and urban area according to the river reach scale, and the constructed evaluation systems and methods are used to carry out specific evaluation. The results show that:(1) There are significant differences in the quality of river habitat among the 13 sampling sites in the study area. About 46.2 % of the sampling sites are in very good grade, about 15.4 % in good grade,about 7.7 % in general grade,about 23.1 % in poor grade,and about 7.7 % in the worst grade.(2) The habitat quality of gentle slope reach is obviously better than that of mountain reach and urban reach,and its habitat grade is"Good"while the habitat grade of mountain reach and urban reach are both"Poor",which indicates that river water quantity and human negative interference have great influence on river habitat.(3) The evaluation index system is suitable for the special habitat conditions of water shortage and drought in the northern region. The evaluation results can reflect the current conditions of river habitat intuitively, which are both scientific and operable.
引文
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[19]徐彩彩.辽河流域河流分类与生境评价研究[D].太原:山西大学,2015.
[20]魏伟,王丽,周平,等.安徽铜陵地区河流生态系统健康的多指标评价[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(4):691-699.
[21]刘培斌,高晓薇,王利军,等.北京山区河流生态系统健康评价方法及其应用研究[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(1):98-101.
[22]蔡博峰,卞有生.北京市妫水河流域景观生态学分析[J].环境污染与防治,2006(5):373-376.
[23]陈丙法,黄蔚,陈开宁,等.河道生态护岸的研究进展[J].环境工程,2018,36(3):74-77,168.
[24]徐志侠,陈敏建,董增川.河流生态需水计算方法评述[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(1):5-9.
[25]王雁,赵家虎,黄琪,等.南水北调东线工程徐州段河流生境质量评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(6):965-973.
[26]刘华,蔡颖,於梦秋,等.太湖流域宜兴片河流生境质量评价[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(5):1288-1295.
[27]陈吉泉.河岸植被特征及其在生态系统和景观中的作用[J].应用生态学报,1996,7(4):439-448.
[28]邓红兵,王庆春,王庆礼.河岸植被缓冲带与河岸带管理[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(6):951-954.
[29]夏继红,鞠蕾,林俊强,等.河岸带适宜宽度要求与确定方法[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(3):229-234.
[30]佟星星.长春市伊通河生境质量评价指标体系(Y-RHA)的构建与应用[D].长春:东北师范大学,2016.
[31]赵霏,黄迪,郭逍宇,等.北京市北运河水系河道水质变化及其对河岸带土地利用的响应[J].湿地科学,2014,12(3):380-387.
[32]李丽娟,金文,王博涵,等.太子河河岸带土地利用类型与硅藻群落结构的关系[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(11):1662-1669.
[33]王盼.河流自然生命的概念及其意义[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2006.
[34]李敏.城市小游园景观规划设计[J].美与时代(城市版),2018(5):73-74.
[35]郑丙辉,张远,李英博.辽河流域河流栖息地评价指标与评价方法研究[J].环境科学学报,2007(6):928-936.
[36]王建华,田景汉,吕宪国.挠力河流域河流生境质量评价[J].生态学报,2010,30(2):481-486.
[37]李杨,李斌,李淑丹,等.洱海流域河流生态系统健康评价[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(3):427-431.
[2]茹彤.沣河河流生境调查与评价研究[D].西安:西北大学,2015.
[3] GUPTA B K,SARKAR G U,BHARDWAJ S K. Assessment of habitat quality with relation to fish assemblages in an impacted river of the Ganges basin,northern Indian[J]. Environment,2005,36(4):592-609.
[4] GROTHE D R,DICKSON K L,REED D K,et al. Whole effluent toxicity testing:An evaluation of methods and prediction of receiving system impacts[C]. Pensacola:SETAC Press,1996.
[5]郝增超,尚松浩.基于栖息地模拟的河道生态水量多目标评价方法及其应用[J].水利学报,2008,38(5):557-561.
[6]傅小城,吴乃成,周淑蝉,等.饮水型电站对河流底栖动物栖息地的影响及生态需水量[J].生态学报,2008,28(5):1942-1948.
[7]陈婷.平原河网地区城市河流生境评价研究:以上海为实例[D].上海:华东师范大学,2007.
[8]赵进勇,董哲仁,孙东亚.河流生物栖息地评估研究进展[J].科技导报,2008,26(17):82-88.
[9]王琼,卢聪,李法云,等.基于主成分分析和熵权法的河流生境质量评价方法—以清河为例[J].生态科学,2017,36(4):185-193.
[10]肖琳.浑河流域河流生境分类及其评价体系的构建[D].重庆:西南大学,2012.
[11] BARBOUR M T,GERRITSEN J,SNYDER B D,et al. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and Wadeable Rivers:Periphyton,Benthic Macroinvertebrates,and Fish[R]. 2nd ed. Washington,DC:U. S. Environmental Protection Agency;Office of Water,1999.
[12] LADSON A R,WHITE L J,DOOLAN J A,et al. Development and testing of an Index of Stream Condition for waterway management in Australia[J]. Freshwater Biology,1999,41(2):453-468.
[13]王强.山地河流生境对河流生物多样性的影响研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2011.
[14] SZOSKIEWCZ K,BUFFAGNI A,DAVY-BOWKER J,et al. Occurrence and variability of River Habitat Survey features across Europe and the consequences for data collection and evaluation[J]. Hydrobiologia,2006,566(1):267-280.
[15] ECOT J R,DICE J L,CELESTE L A A,et al. Riparian zone analysis using riparian,channel and environmental(RCE)inventory and water testing analysis in LunPadidu river,LunPadidu,Malapatan,Sarangani Province,Philippnes[J]. Advances in Environmental Scienced,2014,6(3):276-283.
[16] OLLERO A,IBISATE A,GONZALO L E,et al. The IHG index for hydromophological quality assessment of rivers and streams:updated version[J]. Limnetica,2011,30(2):255-261.
[17] BARQUIN J,FERNANDEZ D,ALVAREZ-CABRIA M,et al. Riparian quality and habitat heterogeneity assessment in Cantabrian rivers[J]. Limnetica,2011,30(2):329-346.
[18]陈淼,苏晓磊,党成强,等.三峡水库河流生境评价指标体系构建及应用[J].生态学报,2017,37(24):8433-8444.
[19]徐彩彩.辽河流域河流分类与生境评价研究[D].太原:山西大学,2015.
[20]魏伟,王丽,周平,等.安徽铜陵地区河流生态系统健康的多指标评价[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(4):691-699.
[21]刘培斌,高晓薇,王利军,等.北京山区河流生态系统健康评价方法及其应用研究[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(1):98-101.
[22]蔡博峰,卞有生.北京市妫水河流域景观生态学分析[J].环境污染与防治,2006(5):373-376.
[23]陈丙法,黄蔚,陈开宁,等.河道生态护岸的研究进展[J].环境工程,2018,36(3):74-77,168.
[24]徐志侠,陈敏建,董增川.河流生态需水计算方法评述[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(1):5-9.
[25]王雁,赵家虎,黄琪,等.南水北调东线工程徐州段河流生境质量评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(6):965-973.
[26]刘华,蔡颖,於梦秋,等.太湖流域宜兴片河流生境质量评价[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(5):1288-1295.
[27]陈吉泉.河岸植被特征及其在生态系统和景观中的作用[J].应用生态学报,1996,7(4):439-448.
[28]邓红兵,王庆春,王庆礼.河岸植被缓冲带与河岸带管理[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(6):951-954.
[29]夏继红,鞠蕾,林俊强,等.河岸带适宜宽度要求与确定方法[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(3):229-234.
[30]佟星星.长春市伊通河生境质量评价指标体系(Y-RHA)的构建与应用[D].长春:东北师范大学,2016.
[31]赵霏,黄迪,郭逍宇,等.北京市北运河水系河道水质变化及其对河岸带土地利用的响应[J].湿地科学,2014,12(3):380-387.
[32]李丽娟,金文,王博涵,等.太子河河岸带土地利用类型与硅藻群落结构的关系[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(11):1662-1669.
[33]王盼.河流自然生命的概念及其意义[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2006.
[34]李敏.城市小游园景观规划设计[J].美与时代(城市版),2018(5):73-74.
[35]郑丙辉,张远,李英博.辽河流域河流栖息地评价指标与评价方法研究[J].环境科学学报,2007(6):928-936.
[36]王建华,田景汉,吕宪国.挠力河流域河流生境质量评价[J].生态学报,2010,30(2):481-486.
[37]李杨,李斌,李淑丹,等.洱海流域河流生态系统健康评价[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(3):427-431.