基于追踪矩阵获取完整性需求的研究
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摘要
分布式系统自提出以来,逐渐发展成为软件工程中一个重要的研究领域,因此分布性需求成为软件系统的主要特征,同时系统的分布性需求与功能需求又紧密相关。目前,通常使用RUP(Rational Unified Process)推荐的"4+1"视图方法分别将两种需求建模在不同的模型中,此方法在软件工程实践中已经取得了良好的效果,但是也在一定程度上导致了功能需求和分布性需求的分割性,这不利于获取完整的系统需求。针对以上问题,文中首先给出需求追踪的整体框架,从3个层面阐述需求在软件生命周期各个阶段间追踪关系的演变。其次,通过分析需求到其他制品的传播途径,得到需求追踪关系,建立需求追踪矩阵。最后,凭借矩阵计算,描述需求变化追踪的具体实现。通过上述研究,在功能需求模型和分布性需求模型间建立可追踪性链接,不仅能够获取完整性需求,还解决了由需求建模分割性导致的需求变更困难的问题。
Distributed system has gradually developed into an important research field in software engineering since it was proposed.Nowadays,distributed requirements become the main features of the software systems,and distributed requirements and functional requirements are closely related.Currently,the "4+1" views method recommended by RUP(Rational Unified Process) is usually used to model two kinds of requirements in different models.This method has already produced positive feedback and achieved good results in software engineering practice.However,distributed requirements and functional requirements are modeled separately,which leads to the segregation of functional and distri-buted requirements to a certain degree.This segmented requirements modeling method is not conducive to obtain complete software requirements when doing requirements analysis work.In response to the above questions,first of all,this paper gave the overall framework of requirements tracking.It illustrated the evolution of requirements tracking relationships across all phases of the software life cycle from three levels.Secondly,by analyzing the transmission route from requirements to other artifacts,requirements tracking relationships were obtained and requirements tracking matrices were established.Finally,with the matrix calculation,the specific implementation of the requirements change tracking was described.Therefore,through the above research,this paper established tracking links between distributed requirements models and functional requirements models eventually,which not only captures requirements completely,but also solves the problem of difficult requirements changes caused by requirements segmentation.
Distributed system has gradually developed into an important research field in software engineering since it was proposed.Nowadays,distributed requirements become the main features of the software systems,and distributed requirements and functional requirements are closely related.Currently,the "4+1" views method recommended by RUP(Rational Unified Process) is usually used to model two kinds of requirements in different models.This method has already produced positive feedback and achieved good results in software engineering practice.However,distributed requirements and functional requirements are modeled separately,which leads to the segregation of functional and distri-buted requirements to a certain degree.This segmented requirements modeling method is not conducive to obtain complete software requirements when doing requirements analysis work.In response to the above questions,first of all,this paper gave the overall framework of requirements tracking.It illustrated the evolution of requirements tracking relationships across all phases of the software life cycle from three levels.Secondly,by analyzing the transmission route from requirements to other artifacts,requirements tracking relationships were obtained and requirements tracking matrices were established.Finally,with the matrix calculation,the specific implementation of the requirements change tracking was described.Therefore,through the above research,this paper established tracking links between distributed requirements models and functional requirements models eventually,which not only captures requirements completely,but also solves the problem of difficult requirements changes caused by requirements segmentation.
引文
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[12] GNAHO C,SEMMAK F,LALEAU R.Modeling the Impact of Non-functional Requirements on Functional Requirements[M]// Advances in Conceptual Modeling.Springer International Publishing,2013:59-67.
[13] GLINZ M.On Non-Functional Requirements[C]//IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference.IEEE,2007:21-26.
[14] HAMMANI F Z.Survey of Non-Functional Requirements Mo- deling and Verification of Software Product Lines[C]//IEEE Eighth International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science.IEEE,2014:1-6.
[15] LI F L,HORKOFF J,MYLOPOULOS J,et al.Non-functional Requirements as Qualities,with a Spice of Ontology[C]//Requirements Engineering Conference.IEEE,2014:293-302.
[16] BOUAIN A,FAZZIKI A E,SADGAL M.Integration of Non- functional Requirements in a Service-oriented and Model-driven Approach[C]//IEEE Eighth International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science.IEEE,2014:1-8.
[17] CHUNG L,LEITE J C P.On Non-Functional Requirements in Software Engineering[M]//Non-functional requirements in software engineering.Kluwer Academic,2000:363-379.
[18] AMYOT D.Consistency Analysis for User Requirements Notation Models[C]//International I* Workshop.2016.
[19] CASTRO J,KOLP M,MYLOPOULOS J.Towards Require- ments-driven Information Systems Engineering:the Tropos Project[J].Information Systems,2002,27(6):365-389.
[20] AMYOT D,MUSSBACHER G.URN:Towards a New Stan- dard for the Visual Description of Requirements[C]//International Conference on Telecommunications and Beyond:the Broader Applicability of Sdl and Msc.Springer-Verlag,2002:21-37.
[21] HSIEH Y.Culture and Shared Understanding in Distributed Re- quirements Engineering[C]//IEEE International Conference on Global Software Engineering.IEEE Computer Society,2006:101-108.
[22] MOHAMMADI R G,BARFOROUSH A A.Enforcing Component Dependency in UML Deployment Diagram for Cloud Applications[C]//International Symposium on Telecommunications.IEEE,2015:412-417.
[23] WANG Y H,ZHANG S K,LIU Y,et al.Analysis of Evolutiona- ry Spreading Effects of Software Architecture Based on Reacha-bility Matrix[J].Journal of Software,2004,15(8):1107-1115.(in Chinese)王映辉,张世琨,刘瑜,等.基于可达矩阵的软件体系结构演化波及效应分析[J].软件学报,2004,15(8):1107-1115.
[2] WEI B.A Comparison of Two Model Transformation Frameworks for Multiple-viewed Software Requirements Acquisition[C]//The International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering.2017:207-212.
[3] MICHAEL A,JEFFREY G,BRADLEY C,et al.Distributed System for Monitoring Information Events:U.S.Patent Application 12/130,569[P].2008.
[4] WINKLER S,PILGRIM J.A Survey of Traceability in Requirements Engineering and Model-driven Development[J].Software &Systems Modeling,2010,9(4):529-565.
[5] CIMATTI A,ROVERI M,SUSI A,et al.Validation of requirements for hybrid systems:A formal approach[J].Acm Transactions on Software Engineering & Methodology,2013,21(4):1-34.
[6] GOKNILA,KURTEV I,BERG K V D,et al.Change Impact Analysis for Requirements:A Metamodeling Approach[J].Information & Software Technology,2014,56(8):950-972.
[7] TEKINERDOGAN B,ERATA F.Modeling Traceability in System of Systems[C]//Symposium.2017:1799-1802.
[8] ZHU X F,JIN Z.Inconsistent Management in Software Re- quirements[J].Journal of Software,2005,16(7):1221-1231.(in Chinese)朱雪峰,金芝.关于软件需求中的不一致性管理[J].软件学报,2005,16(7):1221-1231.
[9] WANG Y H,WANG L F,ZHANG S K,et al.A Software Requirements Change Tracking Method[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2006,34(8):1428-1432.(in Chinese)王映辉,王立福,张世琨,等.一种软件需求变化追踪方法[J].电子学报,2006,34(8):1428-1432.
[10] WEI B,DELUGACH H S.A Framework for Requirements Knowledge Acquisition Using UML and Conceptual Graphs[M]//Software Engineering Research,Management and Applications.Springer International Publishing,2016.
[11] ALSALEH S,HARON H.The Most Important Functional and Non-Functional Requirements of Knowledge Sharing System at Public Academic Institutions:A Case Study[C]//Lecture Notes on Software Engineering,2016,4(2):157.
[12] GNAHO C,SEMMAK F,LALEAU R.Modeling the Impact of Non-functional Requirements on Functional Requirements[M]// Advances in Conceptual Modeling.Springer International Publishing,2013:59-67.
[13] GLINZ M.On Non-Functional Requirements[C]//IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference.IEEE,2007:21-26.
[14] HAMMANI F Z.Survey of Non-Functional Requirements Mo- deling and Verification of Software Product Lines[C]//IEEE Eighth International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science.IEEE,2014:1-6.
[15] LI F L,HORKOFF J,MYLOPOULOS J,et al.Non-functional Requirements as Qualities,with a Spice of Ontology[C]//Requirements Engineering Conference.IEEE,2014:293-302.
[16] BOUAIN A,FAZZIKI A E,SADGAL M.Integration of Non- functional Requirements in a Service-oriented and Model-driven Approach[C]//IEEE Eighth International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science.IEEE,2014:1-8.
[17] CHUNG L,LEITE J C P.On Non-Functional Requirements in Software Engineering[M]//Non-functional requirements in software engineering.Kluwer Academic,2000:363-379.
[18] AMYOT D.Consistency Analysis for User Requirements Notation Models[C]//International I* Workshop.2016.
[19] CASTRO J,KOLP M,MYLOPOULOS J.Towards Require- ments-driven Information Systems Engineering:the Tropos Project[J].Information Systems,2002,27(6):365-389.
[20] AMYOT D,MUSSBACHER G.URN:Towards a New Stan- dard for the Visual Description of Requirements[C]//International Conference on Telecommunications and Beyond:the Broader Applicability of Sdl and Msc.Springer-Verlag,2002:21-37.
[21] HSIEH Y.Culture and Shared Understanding in Distributed Re- quirements Engineering[C]//IEEE International Conference on Global Software Engineering.IEEE Computer Society,2006:101-108.
[22] MOHAMMADI R G,BARFOROUSH A A.Enforcing Component Dependency in UML Deployment Diagram for Cloud Applications[C]//International Symposium on Telecommunications.IEEE,2015:412-417.
[23] WANG Y H,ZHANG S K,LIU Y,et al.Analysis of Evolutiona- ry Spreading Effects of Software Architecture Based on Reacha-bility Matrix[J].Journal of Software,2004,15(8):1107-1115.(in Chinese)王映辉,张世琨,刘瑜,等.基于可达矩阵的软件体系结构演化波及效应分析[J].软件学报,2004,15(8):1107-1115.