北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷原油成因类型及分布特征
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摘要
在大量采集涠西南凹陷烃源岩和原油饱和烃色谱、色谱-质谱、碳同位素等资料基础上,对涠西南凹陷烃源岩特征进行分析,根据地球化学特征差异划分为A、B、C等3类烃源岩。系统分析原油有机地球化学特征差异性,对不同层系原油物性进行统计梳理,依据甾、萜烷、饱和烃组成等进行原油成因类型划分,将涠西南凹陷原油分为A、B1、B2、C1和C2等3大类5亚类。通过油源精细对比和原油空间分布特征分析,A类原油来源于A类源岩,主要分布在1号、2号和3号断裂附近及东南部的斜坡部位;B1和B2类原油来源于B类源岩,其中B1类原油主要分布在2号断裂附近,B2类原油主要在3号断裂附近;C1和C2类原油来源于C类源岩,C1类原油分布在与B1类原油相近的区域,C2类原油主要集中分布在2号断裂与3号断裂接近交互的部位。
In this work, the characteristics of the source rocks in the Weixi′nan Sag are analyzed, based on a large amount of data from saturated hydrocarbon chromatography, mass spectrometry chromatography, and carbon isotope ratios, which were obtained from rock and crude oil samples. According to their geochemical characteristics, the source rocks are classified into three types(A, B, and C). Differences in the organic geochemical characteristics of the crude oils in the Weixi′nan Sag are also analyzed systematically, and their physical properties are analyzed statistically. Based on the genetic types according to the strontium, decane, and saturated hydrocarbon compositions, the crude oils are classified into five subgroups(A, B1, B2, C1, and C2). A detailed comparison of oil sources, and the analysis of the spatial distribution of the crude oil, show that type-A crude oil originates from type-A source rock, and is mainly distributed near fractures No. 1, 2, and 3, on the slopes in the southeast of the Weixi′nan Sag. Type-B1 and type-B2 crude oils originate from type-B source rock; type-B1 crude oil is mainly distributed near fracture No. 2, and type B2 crude oil is mainly concentrated near fracture No. 3. Type-C1 and type-C2 crude oils come from type-C source rock; type C1 crude oil is distributed in areas close to those of type-B2 crude oil, while type-C2 crude oil is mainly concentrated at the intersection between fracture No. 2 and fracture No. 3.
In this work, the characteristics of the source rocks in the Weixi′nan Sag are analyzed, based on a large amount of data from saturated hydrocarbon chromatography, mass spectrometry chromatography, and carbon isotope ratios, which were obtained from rock and crude oil samples. According to their geochemical characteristics, the source rocks are classified into three types(A, B, and C). Differences in the organic geochemical characteristics of the crude oils in the Weixi′nan Sag are also analyzed systematically, and their physical properties are analyzed statistically. Based on the genetic types according to the strontium, decane, and saturated hydrocarbon compositions, the crude oils are classified into five subgroups(A, B1, B2, C1, and C2). A detailed comparison of oil sources, and the analysis of the spatial distribution of the crude oil, show that type-A crude oil originates from type-A source rock, and is mainly distributed near fractures No. 1, 2, and 3, on the slopes in the southeast of the Weixi′nan Sag. Type-B1 and type-B2 crude oils originate from type-B source rock; type-B1 crude oil is mainly distributed near fracture No. 2, and type B2 crude oil is mainly concentrated near fracture No. 3. Type-C1 and type-C2 crude oils come from type-C source rock; type C1 crude oil is distributed in areas close to those of type-B2 crude oil, while type-C2 crude oil is mainly concentrated at the intersection between fracture No. 2 and fracture No. 3.
引文
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[9] HUANG Baojia, XIAO Xianming, CAI Dongsheng, et al. Oil families and their source rocks in the Weixinan Sub-basin, Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2011, 42(1):134-145. doi:10.1016/j.-orggeochem.2010.12.001
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[16]李友川,陶维祥,孙玉梅,等.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷及其邻区原油分类和分布特征[J].石油学报,2009, 30(6):830-834, 842. doi:10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2009.06.006LI Youchuan, TAO Weixiang, SUN Yumei, et al. Classification and distribution of oil in Huizhou Depression of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009, 30(6):830-834, 842. doi:10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2009.06.006
[17]侯读杰,张林晔.实用油气地球化学图鉴[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:129-130.HOU Dujie, ZHANG Linye. Illustrated handbook of oil and gas geochemistry[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003.
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[19]何生,叶加仁,徐思煌,等.石油及天然气地质学[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2010.HE Sheng, YE Jiaren, XU Sihuang, et al. Oil and gas geology[M]. Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,2010.
[20]卢双舫,张敏.油气地球化学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:174-155.LU Shuangfang,ZHANG Min. Petroleum geochemistry[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 2008:174-155.
[21]王铁冠.试论我国某些原油与生油岩中的沉积环境生物标志物[J].地球化学,1990, 9(3):256-262.WANG Tieguan. A contribution to some sedimentary environmental biomarkers in crude oils and source rocks in China[J]. Geochimica, 1990, 9(3):256-262.
[22]邓运华.试论中国近海两个坳陷带油气地质差异性[J].石油学报,2009, 30(1):1-8. doi:10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2009.01.001DENG Yunhua. Analysis on differences of petroleum type and geological conditions between two depression belts in China offshore[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2009, 30(1):1-8.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2009.01.001
[23]郑冰,高仁祥.塔里木盆地原油碳硫同位素特征及油源对比[J].石油实验地质,2006, 28(3):281-285. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-6112.2006.03.016ZHENG Bing, GAO Renxiang. Characteristics of carbon and sulfur isotopes in crude oil and oil-source correlation in the Tarim Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Experiment, 2006, 28(3):281-285. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001--6112.2006.03.016
[24]刘金萍,耿安松,熊永强,等.正构烷烃单体碳、氢同位素在油源对比中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2007, 28(1):104-107. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3873.-2007.01.029LIU Jinping, GENG Ansong, XIONG Yongqiang, et al.Application of Free C and H Isotopes in Normal Alkane to Correlation of Oil Sources in Huanghua Depression[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2007, 28(1):104-107. doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1001-3 873.2007.01.029
[25]孔祥星.准噶尔盆地南缘西部山前断褶带油源分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(4):413-418. doi:10.3321/-j.issn:1000-0747.2007.04.005KONG Xiangxing. Oil source of foothill fault-fold structural belt in western part of the southern margin, JunggarBasin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2007,34(4):413-418. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0747.2007.04.-005
[2]黄保家,黄合庭,吴国瑄,等.北部湾盆地始新统湖相富有机质页岩特征及成因机制[J].石油学报,2012,33(1):25-31. doi:10.7623/syxb201201003HUANG Baojia, HUANG Heting, WU Guoxuan, et al.Geochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of Eocene lacustrine organic-rich shales in the Beibuwan Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 33(1):25-31. doi:10.7623/syxb201201003
[3]李春荣,张功成,梁建设,等.北部湾盆地断裂构造特征及其对油气的控制作用[J].石油学报,2012, 33(2):195-203.LI Chunrong,ZHANG Gongcheng,LIANG Jianshe,et al.Characteristics of fault structure and its controlon hydrocarbons in the Beibuwan basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012, 33(2):195-203.
[4]胡望水,吴婵,梁建设,等.北部湾盆地构造迁移特征及对油气成藏的影响[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(54):920-927. doi:10.11743/ogg20110615HU Wangshui,WU Chan,LIANG Jianshe,et al. Tectonic transport characteristics and their influences on hydrocarbon accumulation in Beibuwan Basin[J]. Oil and Gas Geology, 2011, 32(54):920-927. doi:10.11743/ogg20110615
[5]朱伟林,吴国暄,黎明碧.南海北部陆架北部湾盆地古湖泊与烃源条件[J].海洋与湖沼,2004, 35(1):8-14.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0029-814X.2004.01.002ZHU Weilin, WU Guoxuan, LI Mingbi. Palaeolimologyand hydrocarbon potential in Beibu Gulf Basin of South China Sea[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2004,35(1):8-14. doi:10.3321/j.issn:0029-814X.2004.01.002
[6]包建平,朱翠山,倪春华.北部湾盆地不同凹陷原油生物标志物分布与组成特征[J].沉积学报,2007, 25(4):646-652. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0550.2007.04.021BAO Jianping,ZHU Cuishan,NI Chunhua. Distribution and composition of biomarkers in crude oils from different sags of Beibuwan Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2007, 25(4):646-652. doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1000-0550.-2007.04.021
[7]包建平,刘玉瑞,朱翠山,等.北部湾盆地原油地球化学特征与成因类型[J].石油与天然气地质,2007, 28(2):293-298. doi:10.3321/j.issn:0253-9985.2007.02.023BAO Jianping, LIU Yurui, ZHU Cuishan, et al. Geochemical characteristics and genetic types of crude oils[J]. Oil&Gas Geology, 2007, 28(2):293-298. doi:10.3321/j.issn:-0253-9985.2007.02.023
[8]潘贤庄.北部湾原油中的生物标志物及其地质一地球化学意义[J].沉积学报,1997, 15(3):202-206.PAN Xianzhuang. Biomarkers and its geological-geochemical significance in crude oils from Beibu Gulf Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1997, 15(3):202-206.
[9] HUANG Baojia, XIAO Xianming, CAI Dongsheng, et al. Oil families and their source rocks in the Weixinan Sub-basin, Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2011, 42(1):134-145. doi:10.1016/j.-orggeochem.2010.12.001
[10]龚再升.南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气成藏动力学研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.GONG Zaisheng. The research of dynamics of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Marginal Basin of Northern South China Sea[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2004.
[11]何家雄,刘海龄,姚永坚,等.南海北部边缘盆地油气地质及资源前景[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008.HE Jiaxiong, LIU Hailing, YAO Yongjian, et al. The petroleum geology and resource potential in the Marginal Basin of Northern South China Sea[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 2008.
[12] PETERS K E, MOLDOWAN J M. The biomarker Guide:Interpreting molecular fossils in petroleum and ancient sediments[M]. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1993.
[13] MOLDOWAN J M,SEIFERT W K,GALLEGOS E J.Relationship between petroleum com position and depositional evironment of petroleum source rock[J]. AmeircanAssociation of Petroleum Geologest s Bulletin, 1985, 69:1255-1268.
[14] PETERSEN H I, ANDSBJERG J,BOJESEN-KOEGOED J A, et al. Coal generated oil source rock evaluation and petroleum geochemistry of the Lulita Oilfield, Danish North Sea[J]. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 2000,23(1):55-90.doi:10.1111/j. 1747-5457.2000.tb00484.x
[15]宋来亮,刘华,徐昊清,等.潍北凹陷孔店组烃源岩地化特征及油源对比[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016, 38(2):1-10. doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2014.03.02.02SONG Lailiang, LIU Hua, XU Haoqing, et al. Geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks and oilsource correlation of Kongdian Formation, Weibei depression[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition), 2016, 38(2):1-10. doi:10.-11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2014.03.02.02
[16]李友川,陶维祥,孙玉梅,等.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷及其邻区原油分类和分布特征[J].石油学报,2009, 30(6):830-834, 842. doi:10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2009.06.006LI Youchuan, TAO Weixiang, SUN Yumei, et al. Classification and distribution of oil in Huizhou Depression of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009, 30(6):830-834, 842. doi:10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2009.06.006
[17]侯读杰,张林晔.实用油气地球化学图鉴[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:129-130.HOU Dujie, ZHANG Linye. Illustrated handbook of oil and gas geochemistry[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003.
[18]王启军,陈建渝.油气地球化学[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1988.WANG Qijun, CHEN Jianyu. Oil and gas geochemistry[M]. Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,1988.
[19]何生,叶加仁,徐思煌,等.石油及天然气地质学[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2010.HE Sheng, YE Jiaren, XU Sihuang, et al. Oil and gas geology[M]. Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,2010.
[20]卢双舫,张敏.油气地球化学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:174-155.LU Shuangfang,ZHANG Min. Petroleum geochemistry[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 2008:174-155.
[21]王铁冠.试论我国某些原油与生油岩中的沉积环境生物标志物[J].地球化学,1990, 9(3):256-262.WANG Tieguan. A contribution to some sedimentary environmental biomarkers in crude oils and source rocks in China[J]. Geochimica, 1990, 9(3):256-262.
[22]邓运华.试论中国近海两个坳陷带油气地质差异性[J].石油学报,2009, 30(1):1-8. doi:10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2009.01.001DENG Yunhua. Analysis on differences of petroleum type and geological conditions between two depression belts in China offshore[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2009, 30(1):1-8.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2009.01.001
[23]郑冰,高仁祥.塔里木盆地原油碳硫同位素特征及油源对比[J].石油实验地质,2006, 28(3):281-285. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-6112.2006.03.016ZHENG Bing, GAO Renxiang. Characteristics of carbon and sulfur isotopes in crude oil and oil-source correlation in the Tarim Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Experiment, 2006, 28(3):281-285. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001--6112.2006.03.016
[24]刘金萍,耿安松,熊永强,等.正构烷烃单体碳、氢同位素在油源对比中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2007, 28(1):104-107. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3873.-2007.01.029LIU Jinping, GENG Ansong, XIONG Yongqiang, et al.Application of Free C and H Isotopes in Normal Alkane to Correlation of Oil Sources in Huanghua Depression[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2007, 28(1):104-107. doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1001-3 873.2007.01.029
[25]孔祥星.准噶尔盆地南缘西部山前断褶带油源分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(4):413-418. doi:10.3321/-j.issn:1000-0747.2007.04.005KONG Xiangxing. Oil source of foothill fault-fold structural belt in western part of the southern margin, JunggarBasin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2007,34(4):413-418. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0747.2007.04.-005