基于波形参数的微震P波到时拾取值质量控制方法
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摘要
微震事件中常常包含一些异常信号、强噪声干扰信号和弱信号,这些通道信号的P波到时自动拾取精度往往很低,甚至拾取错误。目前国内外微震监测系统进行自动定位时,并不对各个P波到时拾取值预先筛选,而需要技术人员手动剔除或修正部分无效P波到时,然后才能进行正确定位。为此,首先引入了一种Akaike信息准则(AIC)两步骤拾取算法,并基于某深埋隧道微震监测案例定量分析了P波到时拾取误差与震源定位精度之间的关系,从而引入了P波到时拾取值容许误差的概念。然后,利用AIC两步骤拾取算法拾取微震波形的P波到时,并计算各项波形参数,进行大量统计,深入研究了影响P波到时拾取精度的波形参数。以容许误差为基准,将P波到时拾取值分为有效(标签为1)和无效(标签为-1)两类,并以相应的波形参数为数据输入,采用支持向量机方法(SVM)训练数据,最终建立了P波到时拾取值质量控制模型。实际应用表明:P波到时拾取值质量控制方法能有效剔除错误拾取值,从而大幅度提高数据自动处理效率和震源定位精度。
A microseismic event often contains some abnormal channel signals, strong noise interference signals and weak signals. The picking accuracy of these channel signals' P-wave phase arrivals is often low, and even those P-picks are false. Currently, the invalid P-picks are not screened out before automatic source location in microseismic monitoring system, and the manual intervention need to be carried out. To solve this difficult problem, a modified Akaike information criterion(AIC) picker was proposed firstly. Secondly, the quantitative relationship between the P-picks accuracy and the source location accuracy was analyzed based on a microseismic monitoring case of a deeply buried tunnel, and then a new concept of P-pick admissible error was introduced. Furthermore, all kinds of microseismic signals' P-wave phases were picked up by the modified AIC picker, and the corresponding waveform parameters were calculated. A great amount of statistic work has revealed the relationship between P-pick accuracy and waveform parameters. Finally, the P-picks were classified into valid group(tagged 1) and invalid group(tagged-1) based on the admissible error. And support vector machine(SVM) classifier was applied to build a forecasting model for identifying valid and invalid P-picks. Practical application shows that the invalid P-picks are identified correctly and effectively by this quality control method. The accuracy of microseismic source location is improved greatly after eliminating the invalid pickups.
A microseismic event often contains some abnormal channel signals, strong noise interference signals and weak signals. The picking accuracy of these channel signals' P-wave phase arrivals is often low, and even those P-picks are false. Currently, the invalid P-picks are not screened out before automatic source location in microseismic monitoring system, and the manual intervention need to be carried out. To solve this difficult problem, a modified Akaike information criterion(AIC) picker was proposed firstly. Secondly, the quantitative relationship between the P-picks accuracy and the source location accuracy was analyzed based on a microseismic monitoring case of a deeply buried tunnel, and then a new concept of P-pick admissible error was introduced. Furthermore, all kinds of microseismic signals' P-wave phases were picked up by the modified AIC picker, and the corresponding waveform parameters were calculated. A great amount of statistic work has revealed the relationship between P-pick accuracy and waveform parameters. Finally, the P-picks were classified into valid group(tagged 1) and invalid group(tagged-1) based on the admissible error. And support vector machine(SVM) classifier was applied to build a forecasting model for identifying valid and invalid P-picks. Practical application shows that the invalid P-picks are identified correctly and effectively by this quality control method. The accuracy of microseismic source location is improved greatly after eliminating the invalid pickups.
引文
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[4]杨莹,徐奴文,李韬,等.基于RFPA3D和微震监测的白鹤滩水电站左岸边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2018,39(6):2193-2202.YANG Ying,XU Nu-wen,LI Tao,et al.Stability analysis of left bank rock slope at Baihetan hydropower station based on RFPA3D software and microseismic monitoring[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(6):2193-2202.
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[8]DIEHL T,DEICHMANN N,KISSLING E,et al.Automatic S-wave picker for local earthquake tomography[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2009,99(3):1906-1920.
[9]赵大鹏,刘希强,李红,等.峰度和AIC方法在区域地震事件和直达P波初动自动识别方面的应用[J].地震研究,2012,35(2):220-225.ZHAO Da-peng,LIU Xi-qiang,LI Hong,et al.Detection of regional seismic events by Kurtosis method and automatic identification of direct P-wave first motion by Kurtosis-AIC method[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2012,35(2):220-225.
[10]贾瑞生,谭云亮,孙红梅,等.低信噪比微震P波震相初至自动拾取方法[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1845-1852.JIA Rui-sheng,TAN Yun-liang,SUN Hong-mei,et al.Method of automatic detection on micro-seismic P-arrival time under low signal to noise ratio[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1845-1852.
[11]朱梦博,王李管,彭平安,等.微震P波到时拾取的PAI-k-MFV算法改进及应用[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(10):2698-2705.ZHU Meng-bo,WANG Li-guan,PENG Ping-an,et al.Modified PAI-k-MFV picker of picking microseismic P-wave arrival time and its application[J].Journal of China coal society,2017,42(10):2698-2705.
[12]李楠,王恩元,GE Mao-chen,等.基于到时差值的微震波异常信号识别方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(8):1654-1661.LI Nan,WANG En-yuan,GE Mao-chen,et al.A method for identifying outlier signals for microseismic event based on arrival time difference[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(8):1654-1661.
[13]巩思园,窦林名,马小平,等.提高煤矿微震定位精度的最优通道个数的选取[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2017-2021.GONG Si-yuan,DOU Lin-ming,MA Xiao-ping,et al.The method to identify the optimal channel numbers for increasing the location accuracy of microseismic events in coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,35(12):2017-2021.
[14]朱权洁,姜福兴,王存文,等.微震波自动拾取与多通道联合定位优化[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(3):397-403.ZHU Quan-jie,JIANG Fu-xing,WANG Cun-wen,et al.Automated microseismic event arrival picking and multichannel recognition and location[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(3):397-403.
[15]SLEEMAN R,VAN ECK T.Robust automatic P-phase picking:An online implementation in the analysis of broadband seismogram recordings[J].Physics of Earth and Planet Interiors,1999,113(1):265-275.
[16]LEONARD M.Comparison of manual and automatic onset time-picking[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2000,90(6):1384-1390.
[17]MAEDA N.A method for reading and checking phase times in auto processing system of seismic wave data[J].Zisin,1985,38(3):365-379.
[18]刘晓明,赵嘉轩,王李管,等.基于综合评价法的矿山微震监测台网布设评价[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(5):66-72.LIU Xiao-ming,ZHAO Jia-xuan,WANG Li-guan,et al.Evaluation on layout of mine microseismic monitoring network based on comprehensive evaluation method[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2016,12(5):66-72.
[19]ZHU Meng-bo,WANG Li-guan,LIU Xiao-ming,et al.Accurate identification of microseismic P-and S-phase arrivals using the multi-step AIC algorithm[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2018,150(1):284-293.
[20]AKRAM J,EATON D W.A review and appraisal of arrival-time picking methods for downhole microseismic data[J].Geophysics,2016,81(2):KS71-KS91.
[21]张楚旋,李夕兵,董陇军,等.三函数四指标矿震信号S波到时拾取方法及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(8):1650-1659.ZHANG Chu-xuan,LI Xi-bing,DONG Long-jun,et al.AS-wave phase picking method with four indicators of three functions for microseismic signal in mines[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(8):1650-1659.
[22]史忠植,王文杰.人工智能[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007:221-231.SHI Zhong-zhi,WANG Wen-jie.Artificial intelligence[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,2007:221-231.
[2]蒋金泉,张培鹏,秦广鹏,等.高位主关键层破断失稳及微震活动分析[J].岩土力学,2015,36(12):3567-3575.JIANG Jin-quan,ZHANG Pei-peng,QIN Guang-peng,et al.Analysis of destabilized fracture and microseismic activity of high-located main key strata[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(12):3567-3575.
[3]黄志平.深埋隧洞开挖卸荷岩爆孕育过程及微震预警分析[D].沈阳:东北大学,2015.HUANG Zhi-ping.Analysis of evolution process and seismic early warning of rockburst induced by excavation unloading in deep-buried tunnel[D].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2015.
[4]杨莹,徐奴文,李韬,等.基于RFPA3D和微震监测的白鹤滩水电站左岸边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2018,39(6):2193-2202.YANG Ying,XU Nu-wen,LI Tao,et al.Stability analysis of left bank rock slope at Baihetan hydropower station based on RFPA3D software and microseismic monitoring[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(6):2193-2202.
[5]KUPERKOCH L,MEIER T,LEE J,et al.Automated determination of P-phase arrival times at regional and local distances using higher order statistics[J].Geophysical Journal International,2010,181(2):1159-1170.
[6]吴顺川,陈子健,张诗淮,等.缓倾地层微震定位算法探讨及其数值验证[J].岩土力学,2018,39(1):297-307.WU Shun-chuan,CHEN Zi-jian,ZHANG Shi-huai,et al.Microseismic location algorithm for gently inclined strata and its numerical verification[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(1):297-307.
[7]ZHANG H,THURBER C H,ROWE C.Automatic P-wave arrival detection and picking with multi-scale wavelet analysis for single component recordings[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2003,93(5):1904-1912.
[8]DIEHL T,DEICHMANN N,KISSLING E,et al.Automatic S-wave picker for local earthquake tomography[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2009,99(3):1906-1920.
[9]赵大鹏,刘希强,李红,等.峰度和AIC方法在区域地震事件和直达P波初动自动识别方面的应用[J].地震研究,2012,35(2):220-225.ZHAO Da-peng,LIU Xi-qiang,LI Hong,et al.Detection of regional seismic events by Kurtosis method and automatic identification of direct P-wave first motion by Kurtosis-AIC method[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2012,35(2):220-225.
[10]贾瑞生,谭云亮,孙红梅,等.低信噪比微震P波震相初至自动拾取方法[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1845-1852.JIA Rui-sheng,TAN Yun-liang,SUN Hong-mei,et al.Method of automatic detection on micro-seismic P-arrival time under low signal to noise ratio[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1845-1852.
[11]朱梦博,王李管,彭平安,等.微震P波到时拾取的PAI-k-MFV算法改进及应用[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(10):2698-2705.ZHU Meng-bo,WANG Li-guan,PENG Ping-an,et al.Modified PAI-k-MFV picker of picking microseismic P-wave arrival time and its application[J].Journal of China coal society,2017,42(10):2698-2705.
[12]李楠,王恩元,GE Mao-chen,等.基于到时差值的微震波异常信号识别方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(8):1654-1661.LI Nan,WANG En-yuan,GE Mao-chen,et al.A method for identifying outlier signals for microseismic event based on arrival time difference[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(8):1654-1661.
[13]巩思园,窦林名,马小平,等.提高煤矿微震定位精度的最优通道个数的选取[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2017-2021.GONG Si-yuan,DOU Lin-ming,MA Xiao-ping,et al.The method to identify the optimal channel numbers for increasing the location accuracy of microseismic events in coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,35(12):2017-2021.
[14]朱权洁,姜福兴,王存文,等.微震波自动拾取与多通道联合定位优化[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(3):397-403.ZHU Quan-jie,JIANG Fu-xing,WANG Cun-wen,et al.Automated microseismic event arrival picking and multichannel recognition and location[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(3):397-403.
[15]SLEEMAN R,VAN ECK T.Robust automatic P-phase picking:An online implementation in the analysis of broadband seismogram recordings[J].Physics of Earth and Planet Interiors,1999,113(1):265-275.
[16]LEONARD M.Comparison of manual and automatic onset time-picking[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2000,90(6):1384-1390.
[17]MAEDA N.A method for reading and checking phase times in auto processing system of seismic wave data[J].Zisin,1985,38(3):365-379.
[18]刘晓明,赵嘉轩,王李管,等.基于综合评价法的矿山微震监测台网布设评价[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(5):66-72.LIU Xiao-ming,ZHAO Jia-xuan,WANG Li-guan,et al.Evaluation on layout of mine microseismic monitoring network based on comprehensive evaluation method[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2016,12(5):66-72.
[19]ZHU Meng-bo,WANG Li-guan,LIU Xiao-ming,et al.Accurate identification of microseismic P-and S-phase arrivals using the multi-step AIC algorithm[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2018,150(1):284-293.
[20]AKRAM J,EATON D W.A review and appraisal of arrival-time picking methods for downhole microseismic data[J].Geophysics,2016,81(2):KS71-KS91.
[21]张楚旋,李夕兵,董陇军,等.三函数四指标矿震信号S波到时拾取方法及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(8):1650-1659.ZHANG Chu-xuan,LI Xi-bing,DONG Long-jun,et al.AS-wave phase picking method with four indicators of three functions for microseismic signal in mines[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(8):1650-1659.
[22]史忠植,王文杰.人工智能[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007:221-231.SHI Zhong-zhi,WANG Wen-jie.Artificial intelligence[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,2007:221-231.