强震作用下不同处理方式黄土地基抗震陷性能评价
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摘要
由于黄土高原区抗震设防标准长期偏低,无法承受强震带来的严重灾害链后果,因此为了提高地基及公路路基的抗强震能力,以强震动荷载为试验输入条件,以强夯、粉煤灰、水泥土等三种地基改性处理试样为研究对象,对其进行室内动三轴试验,寻找针对震陷性黄土工程场地更加经济、科学的抗震陷地基处理方法,研究不同地基改性处理方法在强震动荷载下的残余应变特性,得到强震作用与残余应变的定量关系,并从变形特征和动载振次两个角度对比三类方法的适用性。在此基础上,估算场地不同地基处理方式下的震陷量,给出强震荷载下不同工程场地有效的抗震陷处理方法与评价办法,为黄土场地抗震设计和地基处理提供参考依据。
In the search for more scientifically-sound and economical foundations for seismic subsidence loess sites experiencing strong earthquakes,indoor dynamic triaxial tests were carried out on samples of three types of foundation.The samples were modified through treatment with fly ash,cement soil,and dynamic compaction.The residual strain characteristics of the different foundation modification treatments under strong earthquake conditions were analyzed,and the quantitative relationship between strong earthquakes and residual strain were obtained.The applicability of the three treatment methods were compared from two perspectives:that of deformation characteristics,and that of cyclic number ofdynamic load.Based on these tests,the amount of seismic subsidence in the loess site under different methods was estimated,and the proven effective treatment and evaluation methods for different engineering sites under strong earthquake load are given.The study can provide some reference for seismic design and foundation treatment of loess sites.
In the search for more scientifically-sound and economical foundations for seismic subsidence loess sites experiencing strong earthquakes,indoor dynamic triaxial tests were carried out on samples of three types of foundation.The samples were modified through treatment with fly ash,cement soil,and dynamic compaction.The residual strain characteristics of the different foundation modification treatments under strong earthquake conditions were analyzed,and the quantitative relationship between strong earthquakes and residual strain were obtained.The applicability of the three treatment methods were compared from two perspectives:that of deformation characteristics,and that of cyclic number ofdynamic load.Based on these tests,the amount of seismic subsidence in the loess site under different methods was estimated,and the proven effective treatment and evaluation methods for different engineering sites under strong earthquake load are given.The study can provide some reference for seismic design and foundation treatment of loess sites.
引文
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[14]王峻,高中南,车高凤,等.动荷载作用下粉煤灰改性黄土的震陷特性[J].地震工程学报,2016,38(5):751-756.WANG Jun,GAO Zhongnan,CHE Gaofeng,et al.Seismic Subsidence Behavior of Fly-ash-modified Loess under Dynamic Loading[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2016,38(5):751-756.
[15]邓津,王兰民,吴志坚,等.黄土抗震陷变形的酸改性方法及其微观结构分析[J].岩土力学,2012,33(12):3624-3631.DENG Jin,WANG Lanmin,WU Zhijian,et al.Acid-modified Method for Loess Seismic Subsidence and Its Microstructure Analysis[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(12):3624-3631.
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[17]王谦,刘红枚,马海萍,等.水泥改性黄土的抗液化特性与机制[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(11):2128-2134.WANG Qian,LIU Hongmei,MA Haiping,et al.Liquefaction Behavior and Mechanism of Cement-stabilized Loess[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(11):2128-2134.
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[19]张克绪,凌贤长.岩土地震工程及工程振动[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.ZHANG Kexu,LING Xianchang.Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.
[20]王兰民.黄土动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,2003.WANG Lanmin.Loess Dynamics[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2003.
[21]张振中,段汝文,孙崇绍,等.黄土地震灾害预测[M].北京:地震出版社,1999.ZHANG Zhenzhong,DUAN Ruwen,SUN Chongshao,et al.Prediction of Loess Earthquake Disaster[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1999.
[22]中华人民共和国建设部.湿陷性黄土地区建筑规范:GB50025-2004[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004.Construction Ministry of the People's Republic of China.Code for Building Construction in Collapsible Loess Regions:GB50025-2004[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2004.
[2]ZHANG Z Z,ZHANG D L,LIU H M.Comprehensive Study on Seismic Subsidence of Loess under Earthquake[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2005,27(1):36-41.
[3]石玉成,裘国荣.基于微结构的黄土震陷本构关系研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(增刊1):7-12.SHI Yucheng,QIU Guorong.Constitutive Relation of Seismic Subsidence of Loess Based on Microstructure[J].Chines Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(Supp1):7-12.
[4]栗润德,张鸿儒,白晓红,等.不同含水量下原状黄土动强度和震陷的试验研究[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(5):694-69.LI Runde,ZHANG Hongru,BAI Xiaohong,et al.Dynamic Shear Strength and Seismic Subsidence of Intact Loess with Different Water Contents from Dynamic Triaxial Testing[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(5):694-69.
[5]张晴毅,李明永,王峻,等.剪切波速和含水率双指标评价黄土震陷[J].地震工程学报,2017,39(2):329-335.ZHANG Qingyi,LI Mingyong,WANG Jun,et al.Assessment of Seismic Subsidence Characteristic of Loess Site in Lanzhou by Associating Shear-wave Velocity with Water[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2017,39(2):329-335.
[6]刘启旺,杨正权,刘小生,等.超深厚覆盖层中深埋细粒土地震残余变形特性振动三轴试验研究[J].地震工程学报,2015,37(1):21-26.LIU Qiwang,YANG Zhengquan,LIU Xiaosheng,et al.Dynamic Triaxial Tests on Seismic Residual Deformation Characteristics of the Fine-Grained Soil in Super-deep Overburden Layer[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2015,37(1):21-26.
[7]王兰民,张振中.地震时黄土震陷量的估算方法[J].自然灾害学报,1993,2(3):85-94.WANG Lanmin,ZHANG Zhenzhong.Estimation Method of Loess Seismic Subsidence during Earthquake[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,1993,2(3):85-94.
[8]陈永明,王兰民,刘红玫.剪切波速预测黄土场地震陷量的方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增刊2):2834-2839.CHEN Yongming,WANG Lanmin,LIU Hongmei.Prediction Method of Seismic Subsidence of Loess Ground with Shear Wave Velocity[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(Supp2):2834-2839.
[9]王兰民,袁中夏,王峻,等.强夯处理后黄土地基的动力特性与抗震性能[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增刊2):2840-2847.WANG Lanmin,YUAN Zhongxia,WANG Jun,et al.Dynamic Characteristics and Seismic Resistance of Loess Ground Treated with Dynamic Compaction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(Supp2):2840-2847.
[10]翁效林.强夯黄土地基震陷性离心试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(7):1094-1097.WENG Xiaolin.Studies on Seismic Subsidence of Loess by Centrifugal Model Tests[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(7):1094-1097.
[11]王兰民,孙军杰,王峻.强夯处理后黄土地基的抗震性能[C]//第七届全国地震工程学术会议论文集(上).2006:247-254.WANG Lanmin,SUN Junjie,WANG Jun.Seismic Performance of Loess Foundation after Dynamic Compaction[C]//The Seventh National Symposium on Earthquake Engineering.2006:247-254.
[12]翁效林,熊元克,裴凯.黄土震陷变形特征的离心模型试验研究[J].矿物学报,2006,26(4):460-464.WENG Xiaolin,XIONG Yuanke,PEI Kai.Study of Loess Seismic Subsidence Deformation Characteristics by Centrifuge Scale Down Test[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2006,26(4):460-464.
[13]王峻,王谦,钟秀梅,等.粉煤灰与动载耦合作用下黄土震陷试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(6):70-75,81.WANG Jun,WANG Qian,ZHONG Xiumei,et al.Experimental Study of Loess Seismic Subsidence under the Coupling Effect of Fly Ash and Dynamic Loading[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2014,41(6):70-75,81.
[14]王峻,高中南,车高凤,等.动荷载作用下粉煤灰改性黄土的震陷特性[J].地震工程学报,2016,38(5):751-756.WANG Jun,GAO Zhongnan,CHE Gaofeng,et al.Seismic Subsidence Behavior of Fly-ash-modified Loess under Dynamic Loading[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2016,38(5):751-756.
[15]邓津,王兰民,吴志坚,等.黄土抗震陷变形的酸改性方法及其微观结构分析[J].岩土力学,2012,33(12):3624-3631.DENG Jin,WANG Lanmin,WU Zhijian,et al.Acid-modified Method for Loess Seismic Subsidence and Its Microstructure Analysis[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(12):3624-3631.
[16]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.建筑地基处理技术规范:JGJ79-2012[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People's Republic of China.Technical Code for Ground Treatment of Buildings:JGJ 79-2012[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2013.
[17]王谦,刘红枚,马海萍,等.水泥改性黄土的抗液化特性与机制[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(11):2128-2134.WANG Qian,LIU Hongmei,MA Haiping,et al.Liquefaction Behavior and Mechanism of Cement-stabilized Loess[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(11):2128-2134.
[18]南京水利科学院.土工试验规程:SL237-032-1999[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999.Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute.Specification of Soil Test:SL237-032-1999[S].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,1999.
[19]张克绪,凌贤长.岩土地震工程及工程振动[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.ZHANG Kexu,LING Xianchang.Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.
[20]王兰民.黄土动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,2003.WANG Lanmin.Loess Dynamics[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2003.
[21]张振中,段汝文,孙崇绍,等.黄土地震灾害预测[M].北京:地震出版社,1999.ZHANG Zhenzhong,DUAN Ruwen,SUN Chongshao,et al.Prediction of Loess Earthquake Disaster[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1999.
[22]中华人民共和国建设部.湿陷性黄土地区建筑规范:GB50025-2004[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004.Construction Ministry of the People's Republic of China.Code for Building Construction in Collapsible Loess Regions:GB50025-2004[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2004.