煤田三分量地震勘探观测系统设计方法研究
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摘要
以炸药为震源、联合接收纵波和转换波是目前最为流行的一种三分量地震勘探观测方式。由于纵波和转换波在波的传播路径、最佳接收窗口以及反射点位置与界面深度关系等方面有所不同,因此,设计一种同时兼顾接收纵波和转换波的观测系统有一定难度。针对转换波传播路径不对称的特点,参考纵波观测系统综合平面图示方法,提出了转换波观测系统综合平面图示方法。利用转换波综合平面图示法,可以将转换波激发点和接收点的相对位置关系和转换波勘探所观测到的地段直观地表达出来。为了实现纵波和转换波在不同的最佳接收窗口、不同的面元大小条件下,覆盖次数均能达到均匀,提出了一种兼顾接收纵波和转换波的观测系统设计方法,即在设计时,首先要保证转换波满足在最佳接收窗口的前提下,共转换点面元内覆盖次数均匀,然后对纵波偏移距进行适当编辑,使纵波在满足最佳接收窗口的条件下,共反射点面元内实现均匀覆盖次数。利用这种纵波和转换波的观测系统设计方法,不仅可以解决纵波和转换波覆盖次数的均匀性问题,而且可以使纵波和转换波数据均处于最佳的接收窗口之内,取得一举两得的效果。
Combined receiving longitudinal waves and converted wave on the basis of dynamite source method is currently the most prevalent way of three-component seismic exploration & observation method.Since the longitudinal wave and the converted wave differ in wave propagation path optimal image area and the relationship with reflection spot position and interfacial depth,it is difficult to design an observation system that simultaneously accepts both waves.Based on the asymmetry feature of the converted wave propagation path,the integrated planar graphic method of the converted wave observation system is proposed with reference to the integrated planar mapping method of the longitudinal wave observation system. By using this method,the relative positional relationship between the shot point and the receiving point of the converted wave and the section observed by the converted wave exploration can be visually expressed.Moreover,in order to achieve uniformity of the number of times of the longitudinal wave and the converted wave under different optimal receiving windows and different bin sizes,an observation system design method that takes into consideration both the received longitudinal wave and the converted wave is proposed.In this plan,it is necessary to ensure that the converted wave satisfies the optimal receiving window,and the number of times of coverage in the conversion point bin is uniform,and then the longitudinal wave offset is properly edited so that the longitudinal wave satisfies the optimal receiving window and the common reflection point in order to achieve the uniform number of coverage within the bin.By using the observation system design method,the number of times of the longitudinal wave and the converted wave can be unified,and the longitudinal wave and the converted wave data can be both within the optimal receiving window.
Combined receiving longitudinal waves and converted wave on the basis of dynamite source method is currently the most prevalent way of three-component seismic exploration & observation method.Since the longitudinal wave and the converted wave differ in wave propagation path optimal image area and the relationship with reflection spot position and interfacial depth,it is difficult to design an observation system that simultaneously accepts both waves.Based on the asymmetry feature of the converted wave propagation path,the integrated planar graphic method of the converted wave observation system is proposed with reference to the integrated planar mapping method of the longitudinal wave observation system. By using this method,the relative positional relationship between the shot point and the receiving point of the converted wave and the section observed by the converted wave exploration can be visually expressed.Moreover,in order to achieve uniformity of the number of times of the longitudinal wave and the converted wave under different optimal receiving windows and different bin sizes,an observation system design method that takes into consideration both the received longitudinal wave and the converted wave is proposed.In this plan,it is necessary to ensure that the converted wave satisfies the optimal receiving window,and the number of times of coverage in the conversion point bin is uniform,and then the longitudinal wave offset is properly edited so that the longitudinal wave satisfies the optimal receiving window and the common reflection point in order to achieve the uniform number of coverage within the bin.By using the observation system design method,the number of times of the longitudinal wave and the converted wave can be unified,and the longitudinal wave and the converted wave data can be both within the optimal receiving window.
引文
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[9]杜文凤,彭苏萍,勾精为,等.煤田地震勘探转换波观测系统设计与评价[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1428-1434.DU Wenfeng,PENG Suping,GOU Jingwei,et al.Design and evaluation of converted wave observation system for seismic exploration in coal fields[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1428-1434.
[10]彭苏萍,何登科,勾精为,等.观测系统的面元划分与覆盖次数计算[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(1):55-58.PENG Suping,HE Dengke,GOU Jingwei,et al. Surface element division and coverage calculation of observing system[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(1):55-58.
[11]李录明,罗省贤.多波多分量地震勘探原理及数据处理方法[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1997.
[12]霍全明,程增庆,彭苏萍,等.一种经济高效的三维三分量观测系统设计方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5):501-504.HUO Quanming,CHENG Zengqing,PENG Suping,et al. A costeffective design method for three-dimensional three-component observation system[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(5):501-504.
[13]唐建明.转换波三维三分量地震勘探方法技术研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2010.
[14]王云宏,董蕊静.煤层气井水力压裂微地震正演模拟研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(S1):137-141.WANG Yunhong,DONG Ruijing.Research on forward modeling of microfracture for hydraulic fracturing in CBM wells[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(S1):137-141.
[15]林宁,姜飞,孙卫东.宽方位三维观测系统在沙漠区地震勘探中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(S2):353-355.LING Ning,JIANG Fei,SUN Weidong. Application of wide azimuth3D observation system in seismological exploration in desert area[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(S2):353-355.
[2]唐建明.转换波三维三分量地震勘探方法技术研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2010.
[3]李志军,杨德义,童继强.二维三分量勘探在沁水盆地的应用效果[J].煤矿安全,2018.LI Zhijun,YANG Deyi,TONG Jiqiang. Application effect of twodimensional three-component exploration in Qinshui Basin[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2018,49(2):124-127.
[4]李海英,白志钊,于光明,等.塔河常规三维与三分量三维纵波成像能力对比[J].石油物探,2018,57(5):717-725.LI Haiying,BAI Zhizhao,YU Guangming,et al. Comparison of the P-wave imaging capability from conventional 3D and 3D3C seismic data in the Tahe Oilfield[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2018,57(5):717-725.
[5]刘洋,王长春.三维三分量地震勘探观测系统设计方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):551-555.LIU Yang,WANG Changchun. Three-dimensional threecomponent seismic exploration observation system design method[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(6):551-555.
[6]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].北京:石油大学出版社,2009.
[7]林朋,彭苏萍,卢勇旭,等.基于旋转交错网格的双相各向异性介质二维三分量波场模拟[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(5):1203-1211.LIN Peng,PENG Suping,LU Yongxu,et al.Two-dimensional threecomponent wave field simulation of two-phase anisotropic media based on rotating staggered grids[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(5):1203-1211.
[8]何登科.多波地震勘探中观测系统设计与数据处理关键技术研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2011.
[9]杜文凤,彭苏萍,勾精为,等.煤田地震勘探转换波观测系统设计与评价[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1428-1434.DU Wenfeng,PENG Suping,GOU Jingwei,et al.Design and evaluation of converted wave observation system for seismic exploration in coal fields[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1428-1434.
[10]彭苏萍,何登科,勾精为,等.观测系统的面元划分与覆盖次数计算[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(1):55-58.PENG Suping,HE Dengke,GOU Jingwei,et al. Surface element division and coverage calculation of observing system[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(1):55-58.
[11]李录明,罗省贤.多波多分量地震勘探原理及数据处理方法[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1997.
[12]霍全明,程增庆,彭苏萍,等.一种经济高效的三维三分量观测系统设计方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5):501-504.HUO Quanming,CHENG Zengqing,PENG Suping,et al. A costeffective design method for three-dimensional three-component observation system[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(5):501-504.
[13]唐建明.转换波三维三分量地震勘探方法技术研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2010.
[14]王云宏,董蕊静.煤层气井水力压裂微地震正演模拟研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(S1):137-141.WANG Yunhong,DONG Ruijing.Research on forward modeling of microfracture for hydraulic fracturing in CBM wells[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(S1):137-141.
[15]林宁,姜飞,孙卫东.宽方位三维观测系统在沙漠区地震勘探中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(S2):353-355.LING Ning,JIANG Fei,SUN Weidong. Application of wide azimuth3D observation system in seismological exploration in desert area[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(S2):353-355.