实验动物仁慈终点及安乐死的法规现状与思考
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摘要
仁慈终点及安乐死作为3R准则中"优化"原则的重要组成部分,国际上已形成了完善的法律法规体系,我国还需要在相关法规、标准方面进一步完善。本文通过介绍国外有关人道终点及安乐死的主要指南、法规,为我国有关工作的开展提供借鉴。
Laboratory animal welfare is currently followed by 3 R principle. Humane endpoint and euthanasia are the important part of "refinement" of 3 R principle, and has been formed a perfect system of laws and regulations in the international community. China need further improvement on the relevant laws, regulations, and standards. This paper introduces the main laws and regulations on humane endpoint and euthanasia, and hopes to provide reference for the development of related work in China.
Laboratory animal welfare is currently followed by 3 R principle. Humane endpoint and euthanasia are the important part of "refinement" of 3 R principle, and has been formed a perfect system of laws and regulations in the international community. China need further improvement on the relevant laws, regulations, and standards. This paper introduces the main laws and regulations on humane endpoint and euthanasia, and hopes to provide reference for the development of related work in China.
引文
[1] Russell W M S,Burch R L.The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique[M].London:Methuen,1959.
[2] 瞿叶清,哈惠馨,郭玉琴,等.3R原则在医学实验动物工作中的应用[J].实验动物科学,2010,27(6):84-85.
[3] 候粉霞,鱼涛,杨慧芳.“替代、减少、优化(3R)”原则在OECD毒性评价试验方法中的体现[J].毒理学杂志,2009,23 (5):409-411.
[4] Bryan H,Timo N,Gemma P.The Cost Manual of Laboratory Animal Care and Use[M].USA:CRC Press,2011:333-353.
[5] OECD -organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2000).OECD Guidance Document on the recognition,Assessment and use of Clinical signs as Humane Endpoints for Experimental Animals used in Safety Evaluation.
[6] 刘超,程树军,罗苑妮,等.欧盟保护实验动物新指令2010/63/EU介绍及比较分析[J].中国比较医学杂志,2012,22 (5):72-76.
[7] European Commission.Directive 2010 /63 /EU of the European Parliament and of the council of on the protection of animals used for scientific purpose[S].Official Journal of the European Union L 276 /33,2010.
[8] Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals.Eighth Edition[M].The national academies press.2010.US,Washington,D.C.
[9] Canadian Council on Animal Care.Guidelines on choosing an appropriate endpoint in experiments using animals for research,teaching and testing.1998.
[10] 王萧,蒋荣荣,董浩然,等.动物福利/实验动物福利的意义及现状探讨[J].吉林中医药:2014,34 (10):996-999.
[11] 王梦楠.国内外实验动物福利法律问题研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[2] 瞿叶清,哈惠馨,郭玉琴,等.3R原则在医学实验动物工作中的应用[J].实验动物科学,2010,27(6):84-85.
[3] 候粉霞,鱼涛,杨慧芳.“替代、减少、优化(3R)”原则在OECD毒性评价试验方法中的体现[J].毒理学杂志,2009,23 (5):409-411.
[4] Bryan H,Timo N,Gemma P.The Cost Manual of Laboratory Animal Care and Use[M].USA:CRC Press,2011:333-353.
[5] OECD -organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2000).OECD Guidance Document on the recognition,Assessment and use of Clinical signs as Humane Endpoints for Experimental Animals used in Safety Evaluation.
[6] 刘超,程树军,罗苑妮,等.欧盟保护实验动物新指令2010/63/EU介绍及比较分析[J].中国比较医学杂志,2012,22 (5):72-76.
[7] European Commission.Directive 2010 /63 /EU of the European Parliament and of the council of on the protection of animals used for scientific purpose[S].Official Journal of the European Union L 276 /33,2010.
[8] Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals.Eighth Edition[M].The national academies press.2010.US,Washington,D.C.
[9] Canadian Council on Animal Care.Guidelines on choosing an appropriate endpoint in experiments using animals for research,teaching and testing.1998.
[10] 王萧,蒋荣荣,董浩然,等.动物福利/实验动物福利的意义及现状探讨[J].吉林中医药:2014,34 (10):996-999.
[11] 王梦楠.国内外实验动物福利法律问题研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.