不同灌溉量和氮肥施肥深度对日光温室基质栽培辣椒生长及产量的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究灌溉和氮肥施肥深度对日光温室基质栽培辣椒生长和产量的影响.【方法】本研究以辣椒‘陇椒10号’为试验材料,采用同位素示踪法将K~(15)NO_3分别标记于基质剖面向下5～10cm(F_5)、15～20cm(F_(15))处,并设两个灌水下限分别是田间持水量的60%(W_(60))、80%(W_(80)),研究了不同灌水条件下基质栽培辣椒生长、光合特性、品质与产量情况.【结果】处理W_(80)F_5辣椒植株干、鲜质量分别为72.14g/株、549.5g/株,显著高于其他处理;W_(80)F_(15)处理辣椒叶片的蒸腾速率和气孔导度显著高于其他处理;处理W_(80)F_5辣椒产量为4 076.24kg/667m2,显著高于其他处理.【结论】处理W_(80)F_5更有利于辣椒的生长及产量的形成.
【Objective】To research the effects of irrigation amount and nitrogen fertilizer depth on growth and yield of pepper under substrate cultivation in sunlight greenhouse.【Method】The cultivar‘Longjiao No.10' was used as the material.K~(15)NO_3 was marked on the substrate surface by 5to 10cm(F_5)and 15 to 20cm(F_(15))by isotopic tracer method,and two irrigations were set up,the lower limit was 60%(W_(60))and 80%(W_(80)) of field capacity.The growth,photosynthetic characteristics,quality,and yield of pepper were studied under different irrigation conditions.【Result】The dry weight and fresh weight of W_(80)F_5-treated pepper were 72.14g/plant and 549.5g/plant,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of other treatments.The transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of pepper leaves treated with W_(80)F_5 were significantly higher than other treatments.The yield of W_(80)F_5 treatment reached 4 076.24kg/667m2,which was significantly higher than other treatments.【Conclusion】The treatment with W_(80)F_5 is more beneficial to the growth and increase the yield of pepper.
【Objective】To research the effects of irrigation amount and nitrogen fertilizer depth on growth and yield of pepper under substrate cultivation in sunlight greenhouse.【Method】The cultivar‘Longjiao No.10' was used as the material.K~(15)NO_3 was marked on the substrate surface by 5to 10cm(F_5)and 15 to 20cm(F_(15))by isotopic tracer method,and two irrigations were set up,the lower limit was 60%(W_(60))and 80%(W_(80)) of field capacity.The growth,photosynthetic characteristics,quality,and yield of pepper were studied under different irrigation conditions.【Result】The dry weight and fresh weight of W_(80)F_5-treated pepper were 72.14g/plant and 549.5g/plant,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of other treatments.The transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of pepper leaves treated with W_(80)F_5 were significantly higher than other treatments.The yield of W_(80)F_5 treatment reached 4 076.24kg/667m2,which was significantly higher than other treatments.【Conclusion】The treatment with W_(80)F_5 is more beneficial to the growth and increase the yield of pepper.
引文
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[21]吕剑.日光温室基质栽培越冬茬番茄灌水下限研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2012.
[22]马国礼.不同水氮处理对日光温室基质栽培辣椒生长生理及养分吸收分配的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2017.
[23]宋慧,冯佰利,高小丽,等.不同品种(系)小豆花后干物质积累与转运特性[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(10):94-100.
[24]诸葛玉平,张玉龙,李爱峰,等.保护地番茄栽培渗灌灌水指标的研究[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(2):53-57.
[25]齐广平,张恩和.膜下滴灌条件下不同灌溉量对番茄根系分布和产量的影响[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(3):463-467.
[26]高方胜.土壤水分对番茄生长发育及某些生理特性的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2006.
[27]王春辉,祝鹏飞,束良佐,等.分根区交替灌溉和氮形态影响土壤硝态氮的迁移利用[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(11):92-101.
[28]郭春芳,孙云,张木清.土壤水分胁迫对茶树光合作用-光响应特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(6):1413-1418.
[29]王学文,付秋实,王玉钰,等.水分胁迫对番茄生长及光合系统结构性能的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2010,15(1):7-13.
[30]何芳兰,韩生慧,尉秋实,等.土壤水分对沙冬青幼苗生长及其光合荧光参数的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(16):62-66.
[31]王晓娟,贾志宽,梁连友,等.不同有机肥量对旱地玉米光合特性和产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(2):419-425.
[32]丁兆堂,卢育华,徐坤,等.环境因子对番茄光合特性的影响[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,34(3):356-360.
[33]陈建明,俞晓平,程家安.叶绿素荧光动力学及其在植物抗逆生理研究中的应用[J].浙江农业学报,2006,18(1):51-55.
[34] Genty B,Briantais J M,Baker N R.The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,1989,990(1):87-92.
[35]郝建军,康宗利.植物生理学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:252-254.
[36]须晖,高洁,王蕊,等.番茄幼苗叶绿素荧光参数对水分胁迫的响应[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(10):189-193.
[37]高庆芳,李秉柏,郭鹏.大棚辣椒需水量及节水灌溉研究[J].江苏农业科学,1992(1):46-47.
[38]王克全,马军勇,郑国玉,等.灌水量对新疆温室滴灌番茄生长发育、光合特性及产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(23):54-57.
[39]武荣,李援农.水氮耦合对冬小麦根系分布和根冠比及产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2013,44(6):963-967.
[40]姜立,张国斌,张晶,等.水氮处理对青花菜产量及水肥利用效率的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2013,1(8x):66-71.
[2]向友珍.滴灌施肥条件下温室甜椒水氮耦合效应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.
[3]吴广柱,李守北,刘廷府.大棚秋延迟辣椒栽培技术[J].现代农业科技,2007(15):20-20.
[4]霍海霞.灌水控制上限对辣椒耗水及产量的试验研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008.
[5]杜磊,郑子成,李廷轩.灌水频率对辣椒各生育期设施土壤盐分迁移规律的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(20):114-121.
[6]唐恒朋.不同氮素水平下辣椒生长发育的研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2016.
[7]郑睿,康绍忠,胡笑涛,等.水氮处理对荒漠绿洲区酿酒葡萄光合特性与产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(4):133-141.
[9]邢英英,张富仓,张燕,等.滴灌施肥水肥耦合对温室番茄产量、品质和水氮利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(4):713-726.
[10]张妙仙.次生盐渍化土壤潜水系统水-盐-作物产量动态模拟及调控[D].北京:中国科学院,1999.
[11]孙杨.滴灌条件下大同盆地盐碱地土壤水盐运移规律研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2016.
[12]柴付军,李光永,张琼,等.灌水频率对膜下滴灌土壤水盐分布和棉花生长的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,24(3):12-15.
[13]付秋实,李红岭,崔健,等.水分胁迫对辣椒光合作用及相关生理特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(5):1859-1866.
[14]赵建红.水氮管理与秸秆还田对免耕厢沟栽培水稻生长发育及稻田土壤理化性质的影响[D].成都:四川农业大学,2016.
[15]翟丙年.供水条件下施氮对作物产量及生理特性的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2001.
[16]黄兴学,邹志荣.温室辣椒节水灌溉指标的研究[J].陕西农业科学,2002(3):8-10.
[17]孙俊,宋彩惠,毛罕平,等.氮素胁迫对生菜叶片叶绿素荧光图像参数的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(2):366-368.
[18]许纯雄.大白菜的需肥特性和施肥技术[J].上海蔬菜,2009(3):80-80.
[19]王翠丽.不同施肥方式对辣椒生长生理和养分利用的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2017.
[20]高方胜,徐坤,徐立功,等.土壤水分对番茄生长发育及产量品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2005,14(4):69-72.
[21]吕剑.日光温室基质栽培越冬茬番茄灌水下限研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2012.
[22]马国礼.不同水氮处理对日光温室基质栽培辣椒生长生理及养分吸收分配的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2017.
[23]宋慧,冯佰利,高小丽,等.不同品种(系)小豆花后干物质积累与转运特性[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(10):94-100.
[24]诸葛玉平,张玉龙,李爱峰,等.保护地番茄栽培渗灌灌水指标的研究[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(2):53-57.
[25]齐广平,张恩和.膜下滴灌条件下不同灌溉量对番茄根系分布和产量的影响[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(3):463-467.
[26]高方胜.土壤水分对番茄生长发育及某些生理特性的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2006.
[27]王春辉,祝鹏飞,束良佐,等.分根区交替灌溉和氮形态影响土壤硝态氮的迁移利用[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(11):92-101.
[28]郭春芳,孙云,张木清.土壤水分胁迫对茶树光合作用-光响应特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(6):1413-1418.
[29]王学文,付秋实,王玉钰,等.水分胁迫对番茄生长及光合系统结构性能的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2010,15(1):7-13.
[30]何芳兰,韩生慧,尉秋实,等.土壤水分对沙冬青幼苗生长及其光合荧光参数的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(16):62-66.
[31]王晓娟,贾志宽,梁连友,等.不同有机肥量对旱地玉米光合特性和产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(2):419-425.
[32]丁兆堂,卢育华,徐坤,等.环境因子对番茄光合特性的影响[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,34(3):356-360.
[33]陈建明,俞晓平,程家安.叶绿素荧光动力学及其在植物抗逆生理研究中的应用[J].浙江农业学报,2006,18(1):51-55.
[34] Genty B,Briantais J M,Baker N R.The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,1989,990(1):87-92.
[35]郝建军,康宗利.植物生理学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:252-254.
[36]须晖,高洁,王蕊,等.番茄幼苗叶绿素荧光参数对水分胁迫的响应[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(10):189-193.
[37]高庆芳,李秉柏,郭鹏.大棚辣椒需水量及节水灌溉研究[J].江苏农业科学,1992(1):46-47.
[38]王克全,马军勇,郑国玉,等.灌水量对新疆温室滴灌番茄生长发育、光合特性及产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(23):54-57.
[39]武荣,李援农.水氮耦合对冬小麦根系分布和根冠比及产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2013,44(6):963-967.
[40]姜立,张国斌,张晶,等.水氮处理对青花菜产量及水肥利用效率的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2013,1(8x):66-71.