念青唐古拉山脉西段雪线高度变化遥感观测
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摘要
利用Landsat TM/ETM+/8 OLI和HJ1A遥感影像资料作为数据源,通过目视解译方法,提取念青唐古拉山脉西段雪线高度变化值,同时对研究区周边气温与降水变化趋势进行分析,研究其与冰川变化的关系。结果表明:2004~2013年北坡13条冰川和南坡15条冰川的雪线高度都呈升高的趋势;从整体上来考察,北坡雪线高度升高值为14 m/a,南坡升高值为4.9 m/a,北坡升高速度比南坡快;自1964年以来,研究区气温升高趋势显著,降水增加不明显,气候变暖是冰川退缩的主要原因;北坡冰川比南坡冰川经历更大的物质负平衡,主要是由于气温的升高率北坡比南坡快所致。
Glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau have experienced change in recent decades with the climate change,and the change trend were not homogeneous. The variation of snow line altitude(SLA) can indicate the glacier change. The changes of SLA for glaciers in the western Nyainqentanglha Range can be detected by remote sensing images obtained at the end of ablation season, such as Landsat TM/ETM +/8 OLI and HJ1 A images,when eye interpretation technologywere used to extract snow line. Meanwhile, the variation trend of temperature and precipitation recorded by 4 meteorological stations adjacent to the research area were analyzed, so as to find its influence on glacier change. The results showed that SLA of total studied 28 glaciers rose obviously in 2004-2013. SLA on north slope as a whole raised 14 m/a, while 4.9 m/a on south slope. The air temperature in the studied area rose obviously, precipitation rose slowly since 1964. Climate warming is the main cause for glacier recession. Glaciers on north slope experienced more negative mass balance than south slope, because the rate of air temperature increase on the north is higher than that on the south.
Glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau have experienced change in recent decades with the climate change,and the change trend were not homogeneous. The variation of snow line altitude(SLA) can indicate the glacier change. The changes of SLA for glaciers in the western Nyainqentanglha Range can be detected by remote sensing images obtained at the end of ablation season, such as Landsat TM/ETM +/8 OLI and HJ1 A images,when eye interpretation technologywere used to extract snow line. Meanwhile, the variation trend of temperature and precipitation recorded by 4 meteorological stations adjacent to the research area were analyzed, so as to find its influence on glacier change. The results showed that SLA of total studied 28 glaciers rose obviously in 2004-2013. SLA on north slope as a whole raised 14 m/a, while 4.9 m/a on south slope. The air temperature in the studied area rose obviously, precipitation rose slowly since 1964. Climate warming is the main cause for glacier recession. Glaciers on north slope experienced more negative mass balance than south slope, because the rate of air temperature increase on the north is higher than that on the south.
引文
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[25]Chander G,Markham B L,Helder D L.Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS,TM,ETM+,and EO-1 ALI sensors[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2009,113(5):893-903.
[26]Hanshaw M N,Bookhagen B.Glacial areas,lake areas,and snow lines from 1975 to 2012:status of the Cordillera Vilcanota,including the Quelccaya Ice Cap,northern central Andes,Peru[J].Cryosphere,2014,8(2):359-376.
[27]Zhang G,Kang S,Fujita K et al.Energy and mass balance of Zhadang glacier surface,central Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Glaciology,2013,59(213):137-148.
[28]周石硚,康世昌,高坛光,等.纳木错流域扎当冰川径流对气温和降水形态变化的响应[J].科学通报,2010,55(18):1781-1788.[Zhou Shiqiao,Kang Shichang,Gao Tanguang et al.Response of Zhadang glacier runoff in Nam Co basin,Tibet,to changes in air temperature and precipitation form.Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55(18):1781-1788.]
[2]Oerlemans J.Quantifying global warming from the retreat of glaciers[J].Science,1994,264(5156):243-245.
[3]Cuffey K,Paterson W.The physics of glaciers[M].Butterworth-Heinemann/Elsevier,2010.
[4]Haeberli W.Glacier fluctuations and climate change detection[J].Geogr Fis Dinam Quat,1995,18:191-199.
[5]Oerlemans J.Glaciers and climate change[M].Taylor&Francis,2001.
[6]Oerlemans J,Giesen R H,Van den Broeke M R.Retreating alpine glaciers:increased melt rates due to accumulation of dust(Vadret da Morteratsch,Switzerland)[J].Journal of Glaciology,2009,55(192):729-736.
[7]Rabatel A,Dedieu J-P,Vincent C.Using remote-sensing data to determine equilibrium-line altitude and mass-balance time series:validation on three French glaciers,1994-2002[J].Journal of Glaciology,2005,51(175):539-546.
[8]Yao T,Thompson L,Yang W et al.Different glacier status with atmospheric circulations in Tibetan Plateau and surroundings[J].Nature Climate Change,2012,2(9):663-667.
[9]Gardner A S,Moholdt G,Cogley J G et al.A reconciled estimate of glacier contributions to sea level rise:2003 to 2009[J].Science,2013,340(6134):852-857.
[10]Bolch T,Yao T,Kang S et al.A glacier inventory for the western Nyainqentanglha Range and the Nam Co Basin,Tibet,and glacier changes 1976-2009[J].The Cryosphere,2010,4(3):419-433.
[11]Wang X,Siegert F,Zhou A-g et al.Glacier and glacial lake changes and their relationship in the context of climate change,Central Tibetan Plateau 1972-2010[J].Global and Planetary Change,2013,111:246-257.
[12]Wu Y,Zhu L.The response of lake-glacier variations to climate change in Nam Co Catchment,central Tibetan Plateau,during1970-2000[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2008,18(2):177-189.
[13]陈锋,康世昌,张拥军,等.纳木错流域冰川和湖泊变化对气候变化的响应[J].山地学报,2009,27(6):641-647.[Chen Feng,Kang Shichang,Zhang Yongjun et al.Glaciers and lake change in response to climate change in the Nam Co basin,Tibet.Journal of Mountain Science,2009,27(6):641-647.]
[14]康世昌,杨永平,朱立平,等.青藏高原纳木错流域现代环境过程及其变化[M].北京:气象出版社,2010.[Kang Shichang,Yang Yongping,Zhu Liping et al.Modern environmental process and its changes in the Nam Co basin of Qinghai Tibet Plateau.Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2010.]
[15]王旭,周爱国,Florian S,等.念青唐古拉山西段冰川1977-2010年时空变化[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2012,37(05):1082-1092.[Wang Xu,Zhou Ai-guo,Florian S et al.Glacier temporal-spatial change characteristics in western Nyainqentanglha range,Tibetan Plateau 1977-2010.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2012,37(5):1082-1092.]
[16]Yu W,Yao T,Kang S et al.Different region climate regimes and topography affect the changes in area and mass balance of glaciers on the north and south slopes of the same glacierized massif(the West Nyainqentanglha Range,Tibetan Plateau)[J].Journal of Hydrology,2013,495:64-73.
[17]上官冬辉,刘时银,丁良福,等.1970-2000年念青唐古拉山脉西段冰川变化[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(2):204-210.[Shangguan Donghui,Liu Shiyin,Ding Liangfu et al.Variation of glaciers in the western Nyainqentanglha range of Tibetan Plateau during 1970-2000.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2008,30(2):204-210.]
[18]吴艳红,朱立平,叶庆华,等.纳木错流域近30年来湖泊--冰川变化对气候的响应[J].地理学报,2007,62(3):301-311.[Wu Yanhong,Zhu Liping,Ye Qinghua et al.The response of lake-glacier area change to climate variations in Nam Co basin,central Tibetan Plateau,during the last three decades.Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(3):301-311.]
[19]Shi Y F,Liu S Y.Estimation on the response of glaciers in China to the global warming in the 21st century[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2000,45(7):668-672.
[20]Kang S,Chen F,Gao T et al.Early onset of rainy season suppresses glacier melt:a case study on Zhadang glacier,Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Glaciology,2009,55(192):755-758.
[21]Williams R S,Hall D K,Benson C S.Analysis of glacier facies using satellite techniques[J].Journal of Glaciology,1991,37(125):120-128.
[22]Orheim O,Lucchitta B K.1987.Snow and ice studies by Thematic Mapper and multispectral scanner Landsat images[J].Annals of Glaciology,9:109-118.
[23]?strem G.ERTS data in glaciology--an effort to monitor glacier mass balance from satellite imagery[J].Journal of Glaciology,1975,15:403-415.
[24]谢自楚,刘潮海.冰川学导论[M].上海:上海科学普及出版社,2010.[Xie Zichu,Liu Chaohai.Introduction to glacial Science.Shanghai:Shanghai popular science press,2010.]
[25]Chander G,Markham B L,Helder D L.Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS,TM,ETM+,and EO-1 ALI sensors[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2009,113(5):893-903.
[26]Hanshaw M N,Bookhagen B.Glacial areas,lake areas,and snow lines from 1975 to 2012:status of the Cordillera Vilcanota,including the Quelccaya Ice Cap,northern central Andes,Peru[J].Cryosphere,2014,8(2):359-376.
[27]Zhang G,Kang S,Fujita K et al.Energy and mass balance of Zhadang glacier surface,central Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Glaciology,2013,59(213):137-148.
[28]周石硚,康世昌,高坛光,等.纳木错流域扎当冰川径流对气温和降水形态变化的响应[J].科学通报,2010,55(18):1781-1788.[Zhou Shiqiao,Kang Shichang,Gao Tanguang et al.Response of Zhadang glacier runoff in Nam Co basin,Tibet,to changes in air temperature and precipitation form.Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55(18):1781-1788.]