念青唐古拉山西段近40年冰川与气候变化研究
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摘要
采用1976、1991、2000和2011年Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+影像,以计算机辅助分类和目视解译方法提取的念青唐古拉山西段冰川边界为对比依据,研究了近40a的冰川进退变化。结果表明:近40a念青唐古拉山西段冰川总体处于持续退缩状态,1976-2011年间冰川总面积减少193.9km2,且退缩速率呈现大-小-大的变化特征。研究时段内各坡向冰川退缩幅度不同,东南坡减少14.2%,西北坡减少23%;结合当雄、那曲、班戈和申扎气象站的数据认为,气温升高是冰川退缩的主要原因,三个时段冰川退缩速率的差异主要是各时段升温幅度不同所致;分析了位于研究区东南坡和西北坡当雄、班戈气象站的数据表明,地理位置影响气候变化,同时影响冰川进退。
The remote sensing was used to delineate the glacier in the western Nyainqentanglha.The results showed the glacier area decreased by 193.84km2from 1976 to 2011.It experienced a large-small-lager retreat patterm.The relative change rate in the SE was less than in the NW.The records of the four meteorological stations showed a pronounced temperature increasing,which was the main reason caused the retreat of the glaciers.The glacier retreat pattem was a product of temperature variations in different periods.The records of Damxung and Bangor meteorological stations showed the location had an important effect on the glacier retreat.
The remote sensing was used to delineate the glacier in the western Nyainqentanglha.The results showed the glacier area decreased by 193.84km2from 1976 to 2011.It experienced a large-small-lager retreat patterm.The relative change rate in the SE was less than in the NW.The records of the four meteorological stations showed a pronounced temperature increasing,which was the main reason caused the retreat of the glaciers.The glacier retreat pattem was a product of temperature variations in different periods.The records of Damxung and Bangor meteorological stations showed the location had an important effect on the glacier retreat.
引文
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[18]Paul F,Kb A,Maisch M,et al.The new remote sensing derived Swiss Glacier Inventory:I.Methods[J].Annal of Glaciology,2002,34(1):355-361.
[19]朱晓华,蔡运龙.中国土地利用空间分形结构及其机制[J].地理科学,2005,25(6):1-7.
[20]刘宗香,苏珍,姚檀栋,等.青藏高原冰川资源及其分布特征[J].资源科学,2000,22(5):49-52.
[21]蒲健辰,姚檀栋,王宁练,等.近百年来青藏高原冰川的进退变化[J].冰川冻土,2004,26(5):517-522.
[22]李宗省,何元庆,王世金,等.1900-2007年横断山区部分海洋型冰川变化[J].地理学报,2009,64(11):1319-1329.
[23]姜珊,杨太保,田洪阵.1973-2010年基于RS和GIS的马兰冰川退缩与气候变化关系研究[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(3):522-528.
[24]何毅,杨太保,田洪阵,等.近23年来北天山冰川面积变化对气候的响应[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(3):53-60.
[2]Ding Y J,Liu S Y,Li J,et al.The retreat of glaciers in response to recent cliamte warming in Western China[J].Annals of Glaciology,2006,43(1):97-105.
[3]Ye Q H,Kang S C,Chen F,et al.Monitoring glacier variations on Gelandandong Mountain,central Tibetan Plateau,from 1969 to 2000 using remote-sensing and GIS technoloties[J].Journal of Glaciology,2006,52(179):537-545.
[4]Xiao C D,Liu S Y,Zhao L,etal.Observed changes of cryosphere in China over the second half of the 20th century:an overview[J].Annals of Glaciol,2007,46(1):382-390.
[5]Yao T D,Pu J C,Lu A X,et al.Recent glacial retreat and its impact on hydrological processes on the Tibetan Plateau,China,And surrounding regions[J].Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research,2007,39(4):642-650.
[6]蓝永超,沈永平.近50年来新疆天山南北坡典型流域冰川与冰川水资源的变化[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(11):1-8.
[7]Bolch T,Yao T D,Kang S C,et al.A glacier inventory for the western Nyainqentanglha Range and the Nam Co Basin,Tibet,And glacier changes1976-2009[J].The Cryosphere Discuss,2010,4(3):419-433.
[8]吴艳红,朱立平,叶庆华,等.纳木错流域近30年来湖泊-冰川变化对气候的响应[J].地理学报,2007,62(3):301-311.
[9]王旭,周爱国,Siegert F,等.念青唐古拉山西段冰川1977-2010年时空变化[J].中国地质大学学报,2012,37(5):1082-1092.
[10]上官冬辉,刘时银,康福,等.1970-2000年念青唐古拉山脉西段冰川变化[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(2):204-210.
[11]吴中海,赵希涛,朱大岗,等.念青唐古拉山西布冰川区的冰碛层[J].地球学报,2002,23(4):343-348.
[12]焦克勤,张振栓.中国冰川目录Ⅶ青藏高原内陆水系(色林错流域区)[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.
[13]米德生,谢自楚.中国冰川编目Ⅺ,恒河水系[M].西安:西安地图出版社,2002.
[14]Rees H G,Collins D N.Regional differences in response of flow in glacier-fed Himalayan rivers to climatic warming[J].Hydrological Processes,2006,20(10):2157-2169.
[15]Liu W,Guo Q H,Wang Y X.Temporal-spatial climate change in the last 35 years in Tibet and its geo-environmental consequences[J].Environmental Geology,2008,54(8):1747-1754.
[16]Andreassen L M,Paul F,Kb A,et al.The new Lansat-derived glacier inventory for Jotunheimen,Norway,and deduced glacier changes since the 1930s[J].The Cryosphere,2008,2(2):131-145.
[17]曹泊,潘保田,高红山,等.1972-2007年祁连山东段冷龙岭现代冰川变化研究[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(2):242-248.
[18]Paul F,Kb A,Maisch M,et al.The new remote sensing derived Swiss Glacier Inventory:I.Methods[J].Annal of Glaciology,2002,34(1):355-361.
[19]朱晓华,蔡运龙.中国土地利用空间分形结构及其机制[J].地理科学,2005,25(6):1-7.
[20]刘宗香,苏珍,姚檀栋,等.青藏高原冰川资源及其分布特征[J].资源科学,2000,22(5):49-52.
[21]蒲健辰,姚檀栋,王宁练,等.近百年来青藏高原冰川的进退变化[J].冰川冻土,2004,26(5):517-522.
[22]李宗省,何元庆,王世金,等.1900-2007年横断山区部分海洋型冰川变化[J].地理学报,2009,64(11):1319-1329.
[23]姜珊,杨太保,田洪阵.1973-2010年基于RS和GIS的马兰冰川退缩与气候变化关系研究[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(3):522-528.
[24]何毅,杨太保,田洪阵,等.近23年来北天山冰川面积变化对气候的响应[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(3):53-60.