近40年来念青唐古拉山东段则普乡地区冰川与气候变化研究
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摘要
基于1970年冰川编目数据、1999年和2011年ETM+数据,利用决策树分类和目视解译方法提取了念青唐古拉山东段则普乡地区则普冰川、则普北冰川和央别贡冰川边界,并结合丁青和波密站的气温、降水量资料分析研究区冰川变化原因。结果表明:1970-2011年冰川总体呈退缩状态,冰川面积共减少81.51km2,各冰川在1970-1999年退缩速率均大于1999-2011年,冰川退缩具有减缓趋势;温度升高是近40a来冰川退缩的主导因素,而1990-2001年降水增加是冰川减缓退缩的主要原因。冰川相对变化率随冰川规模增大而减小,即小规模冰川对气候变化响应更为敏感。依据气象资料,对研究区未来十几年冰川变化情况作初步预测,认为研究区冰川将呈加速退缩趋势。
Changes in mountain glaciers are generally considered one of the best indicators in climatic change.Most of the researches on glaciers in the Nyainqentanglha Mountain in the western region were concentrated.Based on the decision tree classification and visual interpretation methods,we investigated the changes in glaciers( the Cape glacier,the North cape glacier,and the Tributes glacier) during 1970-2011 over the eastern Nyainqentanglha mountain. Glacier changes analysis was based on Landsat ETM +( 1999,2011). These results showed the three glaciers had retreated rapidly from 1970 to 2011. The total area loss was ~ 81. 51km2. The average area retreat rates differed over different time intervals in three glaciers,and the first period( 1970-1999)was greater than the second period( 1999-2011). The smaller glaciers displayed a higher shrinkage rate than larger glaciers. Based on meteorological data( Dingqing and Bomi station),we analyzed the reason for the large change rate of glaciers,and the results indicated that glacier shrinkage in the study area could probably be attributed to the increase in air temperature. According to the theory of tag,the future glacier changes in our study area will remain highly affected by the climate warming.
Changes in mountain glaciers are generally considered one of the best indicators in climatic change.Most of the researches on glaciers in the Nyainqentanglha Mountain in the western region were concentrated.Based on the decision tree classification and visual interpretation methods,we investigated the changes in glaciers( the Cape glacier,the North cape glacier,and the Tributes glacier) during 1970-2011 over the eastern Nyainqentanglha mountain. Glacier changes analysis was based on Landsat ETM +( 1999,2011). These results showed the three glaciers had retreated rapidly from 1970 to 2011. The total area loss was ~ 81. 51km2. The average area retreat rates differed over different time intervals in three glaciers,and the first period( 1970-1999)was greater than the second period( 1999-2011). The smaller glaciers displayed a higher shrinkage rate than larger glaciers. Based on meteorological data( Dingqing and Bomi station),we analyzed the reason for the large change rate of glaciers,and the results indicated that glacier shrinkage in the study area could probably be attributed to the increase in air temperature. According to the theory of tag,the future glacier changes in our study area will remain highly affected by the climate warming.
引文
[1]闫明,任贾文,张占海,等.斯瓦尔巴群岛冰川学研究进展与我国北极冰川监测系统建设[J].极地研究,2006,18(2):137-147.
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[14]吴中海,赵希涛,朱大岗,等.念青唐古拉山西部冰川区的冰碛层[J].地球学报,2002,23(4):343-348.
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[17]曹泊,潘保田,高红山,等.1972-2007年祁连山东段冷龙岭现代冰川变化研究[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(2):242-248.
[18]Aandreassen L M,Paul F,Kb A,et al.The new Landsat-derived glacier inventory for Jotunheimen,Norway,and deduced glacier changes since the 1930s[J].The Cryosphere,2008(2):131-145.
[19]上官冬辉,刘时银,丁永建,等.玉龙喀什河源区32年来冰川变化遥感监测[J].地理学报,2004,59(6):855-862.
[20]Paul F,Kb A,Maisch M,e tal.The new remote sensing derived Swiss Glacier Inventory:I.Methods[J].Annals of Glaciology,2002,34(1):355-361.
[21]高闻宇,李忠勤,李开明,等.基于遥感与GIS的库克苏河流域冰川变化研究[J].干旱区地理,2011,34(2):252-261.
[22]张廷斌,张建平,吴华,等.1990-2000年间西藏林芝地区冰川变化研究[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(1):14-20.
[23]田洪阵,杨太保,刘沁萍.近40年来冷龙岭地区冰川退缩和气候变化的关系[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(5):34-38.
[24]丁永建.近40年来全球冰川波动对气候变化的反应[J].中国科学(B辑),1995,25(10):1093-1098.
[25]王宁练,张祥松.近百年来山地冰川波动与气候变化[J].冰川冻土,1992,14(3):242-250.
[26]姚檀栋,刘时银,蒲健辰,等.高亚洲冰川的近期退缩及其对西北水资源的影响[J].地球科学(D辑),2004,34(6):535-543.
[2]蒲健辰,姚檀栋,王宁练,等.近百年来青藏高原冰川的进退变化[J].冰川冻土,2004,26(5):517-522.
[3]杨珍娘,曾群柱.冰川水文学[M].重庆:重庆出版社,2001:1-40.
[4]蓝永超,沈永平.近50年来新疆天山南北坡典型流域冰川与冰川水资源的变化[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(11):1-8.
[5]高晓清,汤懋苍,冯松.冰川变化与气候变化关系的若干探讨[J].高原气象,2000,19(1):9-16.
[6]施雅风,黄茂恒,姚檀栋,等.中国冰川与环境-现在、过去和未来[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:16-18.
[7]康世昌,陈锋,叶庆华,等.1970-2000年西藏念青唐古拉山峰南、北坡冰川显著退缩[J].冰川冻土,2007,29(6):869-873.
[8]上官冬辉,刘时银,康福,等.1970-2000年念青唐古拉山脉西段冰川变化[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(2):204-210.
[9]Bolch T,Yao T D,Kang S C,et al.A glacier inventory for the western Nyainqentanglha Range and the Nam Co Basin,Tibet,and glacier changes1976-2009[J].The Cryosphere,2010(4):419-433.
[10]王旭,周爱国,Siegert F,等.念青唐古拉山西段冰川1977-2010年时空变化[J].中国地质大学学报,2012,37(5):1082-1092.
[11]吴艳红,朱立平,叶庆华,等.纳木错流域近30年来湖泊-冰川变化对气候的响应[J].地理学报,2007,62(3):301-311.
[12]蒲健辰,姚檀栋,田立德.念青唐古拉山羊八井附近古仁河口冰川的变化[J].冰川冻土,2006,28(6):861-864.
[13]焦克勤,Shuji Iwata,姚檀栋,等.3.2kaBP以来念青唐古拉山东部则普冰川波动与环境变化[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(1):74-79.
[14]吴中海,赵希涛,朱大岗,等.念青唐古拉山西部冰川区的冰碛层[J].地球学报,2002,23(4):343-348.
[15]米德生,谢自楚.中国冰川编目Ⅺ,恒河水系[M].西安:西安地图出版社,2002.
[16]郭万钦,刘时银,许君利,等.木孜塔格西北坡鱼鳞穿冰川跃动遥感监测[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(4):765-774.
[17]曹泊,潘保田,高红山,等.1972-2007年祁连山东段冷龙岭现代冰川变化研究[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(2):242-248.
[18]Aandreassen L M,Paul F,Kb A,et al.The new Landsat-derived glacier inventory for Jotunheimen,Norway,and deduced glacier changes since the 1930s[J].The Cryosphere,2008(2):131-145.
[19]上官冬辉,刘时银,丁永建,等.玉龙喀什河源区32年来冰川变化遥感监测[J].地理学报,2004,59(6):855-862.
[20]Paul F,Kb A,Maisch M,e tal.The new remote sensing derived Swiss Glacier Inventory:I.Methods[J].Annals of Glaciology,2002,34(1):355-361.
[21]高闻宇,李忠勤,李开明,等.基于遥感与GIS的库克苏河流域冰川变化研究[J].干旱区地理,2011,34(2):252-261.
[22]张廷斌,张建平,吴华,等.1990-2000年间西藏林芝地区冰川变化研究[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(1):14-20.
[23]田洪阵,杨太保,刘沁萍.近40年来冷龙岭地区冰川退缩和气候变化的关系[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(5):34-38.
[24]丁永建.近40年来全球冰川波动对气候变化的反应[J].中国科学(B辑),1995,25(10):1093-1098.
[25]王宁练,张祥松.近百年来山地冰川波动与气候变化[J].冰川冻土,1992,14(3):242-250.
[26]姚檀栋,刘时银,蒲健辰,等.高亚洲冰川的近期退缩及其对西北水资源的影响[J].地球科学(D辑),2004,34(6):535-543.