念青唐古拉山东南坡植被群落数量生态分析及群落多样性
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摘要
研究沿海拔梯度对植被群落的影响,有助于人们进一步理解未来气候变化背景下,高寒生态系统结构和功能的响应模式。选择念青唐古拉山东南坡的典型生境,包括从海拔4 775 m到5 305 m全部范围内的植物群落。沿着海拔梯度每隔约30m设置1个样带,并在各个样带上随机设置样方,调查样方内物种数、物种高度、物种盖度、物种频度。采用群落多样性指数、应用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析(DCA)等方法,对西藏念青唐古拉山东南坡高山草甸植物群落进行了分析。TWINSPAN将所有植物群落划分为5种类型,分别为:香柏(Sabina pingii var.wilsonii)+高山嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)灌丛草甸群落;高山嵩草+圆穗蓼(Polygonum macrophyllum)草甸群落;高山嵩草+矮生嵩草(Kobresia humilis)草甸群落;高山嵩草草甸群落;流石滩冰缘植被群落。这些群落分别位于不同的海拔高度。分类结果很好地反映了植物群落类型分布与地形、海拔的关系,并在DCA二维排序图上得到了较好的验证。念青唐古拉山东南坡草地植物群落多样性在高海拔、低海拔地区较低,中间海拔高度地区较高。植物群落多样性指数呈现出草本层>灌丛层>流石滩冰缘的特征。多样性指数与海拔高度之间的趋势模拟均呈负二次函数关系,单峰式函数关系能较好地表达不同海拔梯度植物群落多样性和均匀度与海拔之间的分布格局。
Study on the response of vegetation to altitude gradient is helpful for us to understand how alpine ecosystems will response to future climate change. We chose to study the vegetation along the south slope of the Nyenchentanglha Mountain, with the altitude gradient from 4 775 m to 5 305 m. Along the altitude gradient, samples were set every 30 meters and species, with plant height, coverage and species frequency investigated in each samples. Double gaps indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN), and Detrended correspondence analysis(DCA) were applied to analysis the community types and species diversity along the altitude gradient of the southeast slope of the Nyenchentanglha Mountain. TWINSPAN divided the plant communication into 5 types: Sabina pingii var. wilsonii + Kobresia pygmaea meadow community, Kobresia pygmaea + Polygonum macrophyllum meadow community, Kobresia pygmaea + Kobresia humilis meadow community, Kobresia pygmaea community and stone beach periglacial vegetation communities. The result of vegetation's classification by TWINSPAN reflected the relation between community's location, topography and altitude, which were verified in pattern map of DCA very well. The species was lower in high and low altitude area compared with the middle of slope of mountain, which formed a hump cure. The species diversity index from high to low of community was herb layer >shrub layer > periglacial stone-community. The model of diversity index and altitude was negatively quadratic function.
Study on the response of vegetation to altitude gradient is helpful for us to understand how alpine ecosystems will response to future climate change. We chose to study the vegetation along the south slope of the Nyenchentanglha Mountain, with the altitude gradient from 4 775 m to 5 305 m. Along the altitude gradient, samples were set every 30 meters and species, with plant height, coverage and species frequency investigated in each samples. Double gaps indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN), and Detrended correspondence analysis(DCA) were applied to analysis the community types and species diversity along the altitude gradient of the southeast slope of the Nyenchentanglha Mountain. TWINSPAN divided the plant communication into 5 types: Sabina pingii var. wilsonii + Kobresia pygmaea meadow community, Kobresia pygmaea + Polygonum macrophyllum meadow community, Kobresia pygmaea + Kobresia humilis meadow community, Kobresia pygmaea community and stone beach periglacial vegetation communities. The result of vegetation's classification by TWINSPAN reflected the relation between community's location, topography and altitude, which were verified in pattern map of DCA very well. The species was lower in high and low altitude area compared with the middle of slope of mountain, which formed a hump cure. The species diversity index from high to low of community was herb layer >shrub layer > periglacial stone-community. The model of diversity index and altitude was negatively quadratic function.
引文
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候扶江,杨中艺.2006.放牧对草地的作用[J].生态学报,26(1):244-264.
贾晓妮,程积民,万惠娥.2007.DCA、CCA和DCCA三种排序方法在中国草地植被群落中的应用现状[J].中国农学通报,23(12):391-395.
李瑞成.2012.念青唐古拉山垫状点地梅沿海拔梯度的分布、物候和生存率格局及其成因[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院:14-20.
李新荣,张景光,刘立超,等.2000.我国干旱沙漠地区人工植被与环境演变过程中植物多样性的研究[J].植物生态学报,24(3):257-261.
彭少麟.1988.广东亚热带部分森林群落排序分析[J].武汉植物学研究,6(1):37-44.
尚占环,姚爱兴,龙瑞军,等.2005.中卫山羊核心产地植物群落的数量分类与排序[J].西北植物学报,25(5):985-990.
王建林,欧阳华,王忠红,等.2009.念青唐古拉山东南坡高寒草原生态系统表层土壤有机碳分布特征及影响因素[J].地理科学,29(3):385-390.
王建林,欧阳华,王忠红,等.2010.念青唐古拉山东南坡高寒草原生态系统表层土壤活性有机碳的影响因素研究[J].中国生态农业学报,18(2):235-240.
王长庭,王启基,龙瑞军,等.2004.高寒草甸群落植物多样性和初级生产力沿海拔梯度变化的研究[J].植物生态学报,28(2):240-245.
王忠.2011.念青唐古拉山南坡高寒草甸生产力沿海拔梯度的变化机理研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院:12-24.
谢健,刘景时,杜明远,等.2009.念青唐古拉山南坡夏季降水梯度观测[J].水资源与水工程学报,20(5):14-18.
谢健,刘景时,杜明远,等.2010.念青唐古拉山南坡气温分布及其垂直梯度[J].地理科学,30(2):113-118.
谢健,刘景时,杜明远,等.2010.念青唐古拉山西段高海拔陆-气系统水热特征[J].地理科学进展,29(2):151-158.
杨元合,饶胜,胡会峰,等.2004.青藏高原高寒草地植物物种丰富度及其与环境因子和生物量的关系[J].生物多性,12(1):200-205.
张峰,张金屯.2000.我国植被数量分类和排序研究进展[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),23(3):278-282.
张金屯.1991.植被数量分类和排序的发展[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),14(2):215-224.
张金屯.2004.数量生态学[M].北京:科学出版社:1-70.
张新时.1991.西藏阿里植物群落的间接梯度分析、数量分类与环境解释[J].植物生态学与地植物学学报,15(2):101-113.
赵新全.2004.高寒草甸生态系统与全球变化[M].科学出版社:106-111.
LI R,LUO T,TANG Y,et al.2013.The altitudinal distribution center of a widespread cushion species is related to an aptimum combination of temperature and precipitation in the central Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Arid Environments,88(1):70-77.
MORIYAMA A,YONEMURA S,KAWASHIMA S,et al.2013.Environmental indicators for estimating the potential soil respiration rate in alpine zone[J].Ecological Indicators,32(9):245-252.
OHTSUKAT,HIROTA M,ZHANG X,et al.2008.Soil organi carbon pools in alpine to nival zones along an altitudinal gradient(4400~5300 m)on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Polar Sciene,2(4):277-285.
WANG Z,LUO T,LI R,et al.2013.Causes for the unimodal pattern of biomass and productivity in alpine grasslands along a large altitudinal gradient in semi-arid regions[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,24(1):189-201.
陈亚明,李自珍,杜国祯.2004.施肥对高寒草甸植物多样性和经济类群的影响[J].西北植物学报,24(3):424-429.
付刚.2013.不同海拔高寒草甸生态系统呼吸对实验增温和刈割的响应[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院:10-20.
何永涛,石培礼,闫巍.2010.高山垫状植物的生态系统工程师效应研究进展[J].生态学杂志,29(6):1221-1227.
候扶江,杨中艺.2006.放牧对草地的作用[J].生态学报,26(1):244-264.
贾晓妮,程积民,万惠娥.2007.DCA、CCA和DCCA三种排序方法在中国草地植被群落中的应用现状[J].中国农学通报,23(12):391-395.
李瑞成.2012.念青唐古拉山垫状点地梅沿海拔梯度的分布、物候和生存率格局及其成因[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院:14-20.
李新荣,张景光,刘立超,等.2000.我国干旱沙漠地区人工植被与环境演变过程中植物多样性的研究[J].植物生态学报,24(3):257-261.
彭少麟.1988.广东亚热带部分森林群落排序分析[J].武汉植物学研究,6(1):37-44.
尚占环,姚爱兴,龙瑞军,等.2005.中卫山羊核心产地植物群落的数量分类与排序[J].西北植物学报,25(5):985-990.
王建林,欧阳华,王忠红,等.2009.念青唐古拉山东南坡高寒草原生态系统表层土壤有机碳分布特征及影响因素[J].地理科学,29(3):385-390.
王建林,欧阳华,王忠红,等.2010.念青唐古拉山东南坡高寒草原生态系统表层土壤活性有机碳的影响因素研究[J].中国生态农业学报,18(2):235-240.
王长庭,王启基,龙瑞军,等.2004.高寒草甸群落植物多样性和初级生产力沿海拔梯度变化的研究[J].植物生态学报,28(2):240-245.
王忠.2011.念青唐古拉山南坡高寒草甸生产力沿海拔梯度的变化机理研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院:12-24.
谢健,刘景时,杜明远,等.2009.念青唐古拉山南坡夏季降水梯度观测[J].水资源与水工程学报,20(5):14-18.
谢健,刘景时,杜明远,等.2010.念青唐古拉山南坡气温分布及其垂直梯度[J].地理科学,30(2):113-118.
谢健,刘景时,杜明远,等.2010.念青唐古拉山西段高海拔陆-气系统水热特征[J].地理科学进展,29(2):151-158.
杨元合,饶胜,胡会峰,等.2004.青藏高原高寒草地植物物种丰富度及其与环境因子和生物量的关系[J].生物多性,12(1):200-205.
张峰,张金屯.2000.我国植被数量分类和排序研究进展[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),23(3):278-282.
张金屯.1991.植被数量分类和排序的发展[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),14(2):215-224.
张金屯.2004.数量生态学[M].北京:科学出版社:1-70.
张新时.1991.西藏阿里植物群落的间接梯度分析、数量分类与环境解释[J].植物生态学与地植物学学报,15(2):101-113.
赵新全.2004.高寒草甸生态系统与全球变化[M].科学出版社:106-111.