青堆子湾的近岸海域与养殖池塘四个季节的浮游植物调查与研究
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摘要
在2011~2012年对青堆子湾的近岸海域与养殖池塘进行了春、夏、秋、冬4个季节的浮游植物调查。青堆子湾的近岸海域共采集到浮游植物61种,分属于2门16科21属,养殖池塘共采集到浮游植物53种,分属于3门16科20属,硅藻是调查区域浮游植物的主要类群。夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)、小细柱藻(Leptocylindrus minimus)和威氏圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus wailesii)在夏、秋、冬3个季节均作为优势种出现,近岸海域的优势度均高于养殖池塘,夏、秋两季近岸海域的优势度达到90%以上。近岸海域的浮游植物生物量高于养殖池塘,秋季相差近683倍。通过对群落Shannon-Weaver多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数的分析,近岸海域比养殖池塘的生物多样性和丰富度高,春季浮游植物的群落多样性相对比其他季节稍高,夏季最低。
Survey of phytoplankton ecology in near-shore areas and aquaculture ponds of Qingduizi Bay were carried out in spring,summer,autumn and winter from 2011 to 2012. In near-shore areas of Qingduizi Bay 61 species of phytoplankton,which belong to 2 phyla,16 families and 21 genera,were collected,whereas in aquaculture ponds of Qingduizi Bay 53 phytoplankton species belonging to 3 phyla 16 families and 20 genera were collected. Diatoms was the main phytoplankton group of the investigated areas. Noctiluca scintillans、Leptocylindrus minimus and Coscinodiscus wailesii have emerged as the dominant species in summer,autumn and winter. Dominance index( D2) of the near-shore areas are higher than that of the aquaculture ponds,and D2 of the near-shore areas in summer and autumn has reached more than 90%. Near-shore phytoplankton biomass is higher than that of the aquaculture ponds,especially in autumn it is nearly 683 times. Through Shannon- Weaver diversity index and Pielou evenness index analysis,we have found biodiversity and richness of the near-shore areas were better than that of the aquaculture ponds. Compared with other seasons,the phytoplankton community diversity in spring is slightly higher,and it is the lowest in summer.
Survey of phytoplankton ecology in near-shore areas and aquaculture ponds of Qingduizi Bay were carried out in spring,summer,autumn and winter from 2011 to 2012. In near-shore areas of Qingduizi Bay 61 species of phytoplankton,which belong to 2 phyla,16 families and 21 genera,were collected,whereas in aquaculture ponds of Qingduizi Bay 53 phytoplankton species belonging to 3 phyla 16 families and 20 genera were collected. Diatoms was the main phytoplankton group of the investigated areas. Noctiluca scintillans、Leptocylindrus minimus and Coscinodiscus wailesii have emerged as the dominant species in summer,autumn and winter. Dominance index( D2) of the near-shore areas are higher than that of the aquaculture ponds,and D2 of the near-shore areas in summer and autumn has reached more than 90%. Near-shore phytoplankton biomass is higher than that of the aquaculture ponds,especially in autumn it is nearly 683 times. Through Shannon- Weaver diversity index and Pielou evenness index analysis,we have found biodiversity and richness of the near-shore areas were better than that of the aquaculture ponds. Compared with other seasons,the phytoplankton community diversity in spring is slightly higher,and it is the lowest in summer.
引文
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[3]中国海湾志编纂委员会.中国海湾志-第一分册-辽东半岛东部海湾[M].北京:海洋出版社,1991.
[4]孙军,刘东艳,徐俊,等.1999年春季渤海中部及其邻近海域的网采浮游植物群落[J].生态学报,2004,24(9):2004-2016.
[5]李清雪,陶建华.应用浮游植物群落结构指数评价海域富营养化[J].中国环境科学,1999,19(6):548-551.
[6]SUIKKANEN S,LAAMANEN M,HUTTUNEN M.Long-term changes in summer phytoplankton communities of the open northern Baltic Sea[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2006,71(3/4):580-592.
[7]GB 17378.4-2007,海洋监测规范[S].
[8]SHANNON C E,WEAVER W.The mathematical theory of communication[M].London:University of Illinois Press,1949:296-297.
[9]PIELOU E C.An introduction to mathematical ecology[M].New York:Wiley-Interscience,1969.
[10]董双林,赵文.养殖水域生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004:86.
[11]张树林,赵晖.大连湾春秋季浮游植物的调查研究[J].海洋科学,2003,27(2):45-48.
[12]孟娜,辛荣,侯继灵.山东日照养殖海域春秋季浮游植物种类组成特征[J].河北渔业,2011(10):43-44,49.
[13]马建新,郑振虎,李云平,等.莱州湾浮游植物分布特征[J].海洋湖沼通报,2002(4):64-67.