雅安市农村养老院在院老人肝炎梅毒HIV感染情况及防控策略现状分析
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摘要
目的分析雅安地区农村养老院传染病流行的原因,探讨防控策略。方法 2017年随机抽取雅安市农村养老院在院老人采集空腹静脉血液,用时间分辨荧光免疫测定法检测乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、丙肝抗体(anti-HCV)、梅毒螺旋抗体(anti-TP)、人类免疫缺陷病毒HIV(1+2型)抗体;并调查养老院人力资源配置、管理方式及老人的生活方式。率或构成比的比较采用χ~2检验。结果共采集596例血样,检出阳性45例,其中男性37例,女性8例,感染率女性高于男性,差异无统计学意义(P=0.063);乙肝表面抗原阳性22例,阳性率为3.69%(男性18例,女性4例);丙肝抗体在所有样本中均为阴性;梅毒螺旋抗体阳性20例,阳性率为3.36%(男性17例,女性3例);人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体阳性3例,阳性率为0.50%(男性2例,女性1例)。结论雅安地区农村养老院老人存在一定感染性标志物的感染,需加强管理与培训,为老人建立健康档案,做到发现及时、报告迅速、隔离规范、治疗精准。
Objective To analyze the causes of infectious diseases in rural nursing homes in Yaan area and explore the strategies for disease prevention and control. Methods A total of 596 elderly patients in rural nursing homes of Yaan were selected randomly in 2017. The fasting venous blood was collected, then HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-TP and HIV(1 + 2) antibodies were detected by time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay. The human resource allocation and management of nursing homes were analyzed by questionnaire survey. The lifestyle of the elderly was also surveyed. Chi-square test was used to compare ratio or constituent ratio. Results A total of 596 blood samples were collected, including 539 males and 57 females. 45 cases of them were positive, including 37 males and 8 females. The infection rate of women was higher than that of men, but with no statistical significant difference(P=0.063),22 cases were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen,the positive rate was 3.69%(18 males and 4 females),all the samples were negative for hepatitis C antibody. 20 cases were positive for syphilis spiral antibody,the positive rate was 3.36%(17 males and 3 females). There were 3 cases of human immunodeficiency virus antibody positive, the positive rate was 0.50%(2 males and 1 females). Conclusion The have been certain numbers of elderly in rural nursing homes of Yaan were positive for the infectious markers. Management and training should be strengthened to establish health records for the elderly, so as to make timely discovery, rapid report, standard isolation and accurate treatment.
Objective To analyze the causes of infectious diseases in rural nursing homes in Yaan area and explore the strategies for disease prevention and control. Methods A total of 596 elderly patients in rural nursing homes of Yaan were selected randomly in 2017. The fasting venous blood was collected, then HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-TP and HIV(1 + 2) antibodies were detected by time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay. The human resource allocation and management of nursing homes were analyzed by questionnaire survey. The lifestyle of the elderly was also surveyed. Chi-square test was used to compare ratio or constituent ratio. Results A total of 596 blood samples were collected, including 539 males and 57 females. 45 cases of them were positive, including 37 males and 8 females. The infection rate of women was higher than that of men, but with no statistical significant difference(P=0.063),22 cases were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen,the positive rate was 3.69%(18 males and 4 females),all the samples were negative for hepatitis C antibody. 20 cases were positive for syphilis spiral antibody,the positive rate was 3.36%(17 males and 3 females). There were 3 cases of human immunodeficiency virus antibody positive, the positive rate was 0.50%(2 males and 1 females). Conclusion The have been certain numbers of elderly in rural nursing homes of Yaan were positive for the infectious markers. Management and training should be strengthened to establish health records for the elderly, so as to make timely discovery, rapid report, standard isolation and accurate treatment.
引文
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[4]Nikola Altiparmakov. A Call for More Elaborate and Transparent Pension Data to Inform Policy-Making:A Critical Examination of World Bank data for Eastern Europe[J]. International Social Security Review,2015(2):1-25.
[5]蔡丽娜,朱绍汶,周春,等.2010-2013年中国南京地区无偿献血人群HBV,HCV,HIV感染情况分析[J].中国实验血液学杂志,2014,22(4):1089-1093.
[6]齐伟亮,刘杰.2450例患者输血前感染性指标检测结果分析[J].标记免疫分析与临床,2017,24(8):852-855.
[7]曹燕飞,高小蓉.11742例感染4项传染性指标结果分析及检测意义[J].国际检验医学杂志,2016,37(11):1582-1583.
[8]陈豪,董彩燕,冯自由.阳江地区术前及输血前感染性标志物的检测结果分析[J].河北医药,2018,40(16):2532-2534.
[9]蔡恩茂,徐仁芳,褚秀娟,等.上海市长宁区20所养老院消毒效果监测分析[J].医学动物防制,2011,27(9):788-789,795.
[10]陈利民,张夏虹,左素俊,等.突发急性传染病防控策略探讨[J].实用预防医学,2017,24(2):255-256.
[11]姚媛媛.农村敬老院护理人员现状研究——以安徽省合肥市为例[J].滁州学院学报,2017,19(3):47-49.
[12]黄鼎鼎,姚兆余.农村敬老院医疗护理的现状、问题与对策——以南京市六合区敬老院为例[J].长沙民政职业技术学院学报,2015,22(3):21-23.
[13]赵丽娟,鄢奋.PPP模式在福建农村敬老院建设中的应用分析[J].福建教育学院学报,2016,17(1):44-48.
[14]赵文芳.我国农村养老存在的问题及对策思考[J].中共银川市委党校学报,2017,19(3):61-64,71.
[15]吕永生.传染性疾病预防和控制的有效措施探讨[J].中国卫生标准管理,2015,6(21):2-3.
[16]陈鹏.传染病预防控制的健康教育探讨[J].临床医药文献电子杂志,2015(2):391-392.
[17]徐鹏,董蓬玉,刘晓强,等.我国西南边境地区传染病防控体系存在的问题及原因分析[J].医学与社会,2017,30(1):8-11.