气象条件对青海高原东北部马铃薯气象产量的影响
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摘要
为青海高原东北部马铃薯精细化气象服务及高原马铃薯的优化种植提供参考,利用互助县农业气象观测站记录的马铃薯发育期、产量以及对应时期的气象观测资料,用线性回归、相关分析和积分回归等方法分析光、热、水等气候因子对马铃薯生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明:青海高原东北部马铃薯生长期为154d,生育期内≥0℃的积温为2 066.8℃,降水量305.3 mm,日照时数1 081.5h;气象产量在-1 443.16~696.28g/m~2,气象产量对趋势产量的贡献在-39%~16%;降水、日照、温度分别与马铃薯气象产量呈显著正相关、负相关和相关不显著;马铃薯播种期、开花至块茎形成期,温度对产量的影响为正效应,其余时期为负效应,降水对马铃薯产量的影响曲线与温度曲线基本呈反相位分布,产量对降水的变化十分敏感,光照的影响曲线与气温相似,且不明显。
The effects of sunshine,temperature and precipitation on growing development and yield of potato were studied by the linear regression,correlation analysis and integral regression analysis by using potato growth period,yield and corresponding meteorological observational data recorded by Huzhu Agricultural Meteorological Observational Station to provide a reference for refined meteorological service and optimization cultivation of potato in Northeastern Qinghai Plateau.Result:The growth period of potato,≥0℃accumulation temperature,precipitation and sunshine duration during potato growth period are 154 d,2 066.8℃,305.3 mm and 1 081.5 hrespectively.The meteorological yield of potato is-1 443.16-696.28 g/m~2 and the contribution of meteorological yield to trend yield is-39%-16%.The precipitation is positively related to meteorological yield of potato significantly but sunshine duration is negatively related to meteorological yield of potato significantly.There is no significant correlation between temperature and meteorological yield of potato.Temperature has a positive effect on potato yield at sowing stage and at flowering-tuber formation stage and a negative effect on potato yield at other growth stages.The precipitation influencing curve and temperature curve of potato yield shows an inverse phase distribution basically.The potato yield is very sensitivity to precipitation.The sunshine influencing curve of potato yield is similar to temperature and is not obvious.
The effects of sunshine,temperature and precipitation on growing development and yield of potato were studied by the linear regression,correlation analysis and integral regression analysis by using potato growth period,yield and corresponding meteorological observational data recorded by Huzhu Agricultural Meteorological Observational Station to provide a reference for refined meteorological service and optimization cultivation of potato in Northeastern Qinghai Plateau.Result:The growth period of potato,≥0℃accumulation temperature,precipitation and sunshine duration during potato growth period are 154 d,2 066.8℃,305.3 mm and 1 081.5 hrespectively.The meteorological yield of potato is-1 443.16-696.28 g/m~2 and the contribution of meteorological yield to trend yield is-39%-16%.The precipitation is positively related to meteorological yield of potato significantly but sunshine duration is negatively related to meteorological yield of potato significantly.There is no significant correlation between temperature and meteorological yield of potato.Temperature has a positive effect on potato yield at sowing stage and at flowering-tuber formation stage and a negative effect on potato yield at other growth stages.The precipitation influencing curve and temperature curve of potato yield shows an inverse phase distribution basically.The potato yield is very sensitivity to precipitation.The sunshine influencing curve of potato yield is similar to temperature and is not obvious.
引文
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[3]王亚莉,贺立源.气象条件对杂交水稻汕优63产量构成因子的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(8):206-210.
[4]朱赟赟,王连喜,李琪,等.气候因子对宁夏不同区域马铃薯气象产量的影响效应分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(6):89-95.
[5]朱履宽,朱振武.农业气象条件对小麦籽粒蛋白质形成的影响[J].中国农业气象,1992,13(4):49-51.
[6]刘洋,高明杰,何威明,等.世界马铃薯生产发展基本态势及特点[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(20):78-86.
[7]姚玉璧,张秀云,卢汉威,等.气象条件对西北温凉半湿润区马铃薯块茎形成及产量的影响[J].中国农业气象,2009,30(2):208-211.
[8]姚玉璧,邓振镛,王润元,等.其后暖干化对甘肃马铃薯生产的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(3):16-20.
[9]罗清,刘晓迎.凉山州马铃薯气象产量模型研究[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,36(5):114-118.
[10]魏淑秋.农业气象统计[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,1985:157-162.
[11]黄嘉佑,李庆祥.气象数据统计分析方法[M].北京:气象出版社,2015:28-57.
[12]杨霏云,郑秋红,罗蒋梅,等.实用农业气象指标[M].北京:气象出版社,2015:38-40.