烟蓟马趋光规律及不同波长色板田间诱捕效果
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摘要
【目的】在室内、温室和露地3种条件下,通过测定烟蓟马(Thrips tabaci)对不同单色光及不同波长诱虫色板的行为反应,探究对烟蓟马具有最佳趋性的波长、光照强度,以及相关影响因子如性别、日节律、饥饿、温度、相对湿度对烟蓟马趋光行为的影响,为改进诱虫色板及诱虫灯等烟蓟马绿色防控技术和产品提供依据。【方法】首先,室内使用分辨率高、光谱测量范围广、稳定性好的单色仪测试装置测定烟蓟马对10种单色光的行为学趋性,筛选出烟蓟马趋性较强的单色光,并将初始光照强度通过中性密度滤光片衰减,探究光照强度对烟蓟马趋光行为的影响。其次,以烟蓟马趋光率为统计指标,探究性别、日节律、饥饿、温度、相对湿度对烟蓟马趋光行为的影响。根据室内试验结果,利用Dan Bruton虚拟波长及RGB值的函数关系,打印出相应波长的蓝色和黄色诱虫色板,涂胶制板。评价温室和露地条件下,烟蓟马对不同波长自制色板及不同厂家生产色板的趋性。【结果】室内试验结果显示,烟蓟马对450 nm的蓝色光趋性最强,趋光率高达75.34%,其次为562 nm的黄色光以及430 nm的蓝紫色光,趋光率分别为73.61%和64.03%。在430、450、562 nm单色光刺激下,烟蓟马雌虫的趋光性均强于雄虫。光强衰减试验结果表明,随着光照强度增加,烟蓟马趋性增强。在上午8:30—10:00时,烟蓟马对430、450、562 nm单色光最为敏感。饥饿4 h后,烟蓟马的趋光性最强,之后随着饥饿时间的延长,趋光性降低。温度为25—30℃时,烟蓟马对3种单色光趋性极显著高于对照组;15℃时,烟蓟马对单色光的刺激均不敏感。相对湿度为45%—60%时,烟蓟马对430、450、562 nm单色光的趋性均显著强于对照组,而在相对湿度为30%和90%时,烟蓟马对单色光的趋性与对照组均无显著差异。通过在温室和露地中应用不同波长色板及不同厂家生产的诱虫色板对烟蓟马的诱集效果比较,结果发现450 nm的蓝色自制诱虫色板和反射波长为440—470 nm的2#诱虫色板均对烟蓟马诱虫效果最佳,此试验结果与室内筛选的最佳波长高度吻合。【结论】性别、日节律、饥饿、温度和相对湿度对烟蓟马的趋光行为均有一定的影响。室内光谱光强和诱虫色板试验均表明烟蓟马对450 nm蓝色光以及波长在450 nm左右的蓝色诱虫色板有明显的趋性,450 nm左右的蓝色诱虫色板可用于监测和防治烟蓟马。
【Objective】 The objective of this study is to explore the optimum light wavelength, light intensity and related factors, such as sex, daily rhythm, starvation time, temperature and relative humidity of Thrips tabaci through behavioral responses study under the different conditions of laboratory, greenhouse and field, and to provide a theoretical support for improving the control techniques and products of T. tabaci, such as color sticky cards and light traps. 【Method】 Firstly, the behavioral responses of T.tabaci to 10 different wavelengths of monochromatic light were conducted by using monochromator testing device with high resolution, wide spectrum measurement range and high stability under laboratory condition. Monochromatic light with high response rate was screened and the initial light intensity was attenuated by neutral density filter to explore the effect of light intensity on the behavioral responses of T. tabaci. Secondly, the effects of sex, daily rhythm, starvation time, temperature and relative humidity on phototaxis of T. tabaci were also examined by using the rate of phototaxis as statistical index. Based on laboratory experiments, using the relationship between Dan Bruton's virtual wavelength and RGB values, the blue and yellow sticky cards of the corresponding wavelengths were printed and the plates were glued. The tendency of T. tabaci to the self-made sticky cards of different wavelengths and sticky cards produced by different manufacturers was evaluated in the greenhouse and in the open field.【Result】The results of laboratory experiment showed that phototaxis behavioral response rate was the highest on blue light at 450 nm, and the rate of photaxis was as high as 75.34%, followed by the yellow light at 562 nm and the blue-purple light at 430 nm, the rate of photaxis was73.61% and 64.03%, respectively. Under the stimulation of 430, 450 and 562 nm monochromatic light, the phototaxis rate of female T. tabaci was higher than that of male. The light intensity attenuation test of the three monochromatic light showed that the tendency of T. tabaci increased with light intensity. At 8: 30-10: 00 am, the T. tabaci was most sensitive to monochromatic light at 430, 450,and 562 nm. After 4 hours of starvation, the phototaxis rate of T. tabaci was the strongest, and then decreased with the prolongation of starvation time. The phototaxis rate of T. tabaci to three monochromatic light was significantly higher than that of the control at25-30℃. At 15℃, T. tabaci was not sensitive to monochromatic light stimulation. Under the relative humidity of 45%-60%, the phototaxis rate of T. tabaci was significantly stronger than that of the control at 430, 450 and 562 nm. However, there was no significant difference with the control under the relative humidity of 30% and 90%. The trapping effect on T. tabaci was evaluated by using different wavelength sticky cards and different manufacturers in the greenhouse and field, and the results showed that the blue self-made sticky cards and the No.2 sticky cards with reflection wavelength of 440-470 nm had the best effect. The results of this test were in agreement with the optimum wavelength of laboratory screening. 【Conclusion】 Sex, daily rhythm, starvation, temperature and relative humidity all have certain influence on phototaxis of T. tabaci. Comprehensive analysis on laboratory, greenhouse and field revealed that T. tabaci has obvious tendency to monochromatic light and sticky cards at 450 nm. The blue trap sticky card of about 450 nm can be used to monitor and control T. tabaci.
【Objective】 The objective of this study is to explore the optimum light wavelength, light intensity and related factors, such as sex, daily rhythm, starvation time, temperature and relative humidity of Thrips tabaci through behavioral responses study under the different conditions of laboratory, greenhouse and field, and to provide a theoretical support for improving the control techniques and products of T. tabaci, such as color sticky cards and light traps. 【Method】 Firstly, the behavioral responses of T.tabaci to 10 different wavelengths of monochromatic light were conducted by using monochromator testing device with high resolution, wide spectrum measurement range and high stability under laboratory condition. Monochromatic light with high response rate was screened and the initial light intensity was attenuated by neutral density filter to explore the effect of light intensity on the behavioral responses of T. tabaci. Secondly, the effects of sex, daily rhythm, starvation time, temperature and relative humidity on phototaxis of T. tabaci were also examined by using the rate of phototaxis as statistical index. Based on laboratory experiments, using the relationship between Dan Bruton's virtual wavelength and RGB values, the blue and yellow sticky cards of the corresponding wavelengths were printed and the plates were glued. The tendency of T. tabaci to the self-made sticky cards of different wavelengths and sticky cards produced by different manufacturers was evaluated in the greenhouse and in the open field.【Result】The results of laboratory experiment showed that phototaxis behavioral response rate was the highest on blue light at 450 nm, and the rate of photaxis was as high as 75.34%, followed by the yellow light at 562 nm and the blue-purple light at 430 nm, the rate of photaxis was73.61% and 64.03%, respectively. Under the stimulation of 430, 450 and 562 nm monochromatic light, the phototaxis rate of female T. tabaci was higher than that of male. The light intensity attenuation test of the three monochromatic light showed that the tendency of T. tabaci increased with light intensity. At 8: 30-10: 00 am, the T. tabaci was most sensitive to monochromatic light at 430, 450,and 562 nm. After 4 hours of starvation, the phototaxis rate of T. tabaci was the strongest, and then decreased with the prolongation of starvation time. The phototaxis rate of T. tabaci to three monochromatic light was significantly higher than that of the control at25-30℃. At 15℃, T. tabaci was not sensitive to monochromatic light stimulation. Under the relative humidity of 45%-60%, the phototaxis rate of T. tabaci was significantly stronger than that of the control at 430, 450 and 562 nm. However, there was no significant difference with the control under the relative humidity of 30% and 90%. The trapping effect on T. tabaci was evaluated by using different wavelength sticky cards and different manufacturers in the greenhouse and field, and the results showed that the blue self-made sticky cards and the No.2 sticky cards with reflection wavelength of 440-470 nm had the best effect. The results of this test were in agreement with the optimum wavelength of laboratory screening. 【Conclusion】 Sex, daily rhythm, starvation, temperature and relative humidity all have certain influence on phototaxis of T. tabaci. Comprehensive analysis on laboratory, greenhouse and field revealed that T. tabaci has obvious tendency to monochromatic light and sticky cards at 450 nm. The blue trap sticky card of about 450 nm can be used to monitor and control T. tabaci.
引文
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[2]谢永辉,李正跃,张宏瑞.烟蓟马研究进展.安徽农业科学,2011,39(5):2683-2685,2785.XIE Y H,LI Z Y,ZHANG H R.Research advances on the onion thrips(Thrips tabaci).Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(5):2683-2685,2785.(in Chinese)
[3]DEN BELDER E,ELDERSON J,VAN DEN BRINK W J,SCHELLING G.Effect of woodlots on thrips density in leek fields:Alandscape analysis.Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2002,91(1/3):139-145.
[4]MUVEA A M,MEYHOFER R,SUBRAMANIAN S,POEHLING HM,EKESI S,MANIANIA N K.Colonization of onions by endophytic fungi and their impacts on the biology of Thrips tabaci.PLoS ONE,2014,9(9):e108242.
[5]DIAZ-MONTANO J,FUCHS M,NAULT B A,FAIL J,SHELTONA M.Onion thrips(Thysanoptera:Thripidae):A global pest of increasing concern in onion.Journal of Economic Entomology,2011,104(1):1-13.
[6]韩云,唐良德,吴建辉.蓟马类害虫综合治理研究进展.中国农学通报,2015,31(22):163-174.HAN Y,TANG L D,WU J H.Researches advances on integrated pest management of thrips(Thysanoptera).Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(22):163-174.(in Chinese)
[7]MARTIN N A,WORKMAN P J,BUTLER R C.Insecticide resistance in onion thrips(Thrips tabaci)(Thysanoptera:Thripidae).New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science,2003,31(2):99-106.
[8]MACINTYRE ALLEN J K,SCOTT-DUPREE C D,TOLMAN J H,HARRIS C R.Resistance of Thrips tabaci to pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides in Ontario,Canada.Pest Management Science,2005,61(8):809-815.
[9]HERRON G A,JAMES T M,ROPHAIL J,MO J.Australian populations of onion thrips,Thrips tabaci Lindeman(Thysanoptera:Thripidae),are resistant to some insecticides used for their control.Austral Journal of Entomology,2008,47:361-364.
[10]HERRON G A,LANGFIELD B J,TOMLINSON T M,MO J.Dose-response testing of Australian populations of onion thrips Thrips tabaci Lindeman(Thysanoptera:Thripidae)further refines baseline data and detects methidathion and likely imidacloprid resistance.Australian Journal of Entomology,2011,50(4):418-423.
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