二棱青稞品系群体动态及农艺性状分析
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摘要
以六棱青稞品种藏青2000、藏青25为对照,研究QTB11、QTB13、QTB16、QTB17、QTB23、QTB24、QTB25等7个二棱青稞品系的群体动态及农艺性状,为二棱青稞育种的可行性研究提供理论依据。结果表明,二棱青稞品系QTB16、QTB17、QTB25基本苗数较高,均显著高于藏青2000,与藏青25差异不显著,其余二棱青稞品系均与2个对照品种无显著差异;大部分二棱青稞品系的分蘖力和有效分蘖率均高于对照,分蘖力最高的为QTB11,有效分蘖率最高的为QTB13,均显著高于其他二棱青稞品系和对照品种;二棱青稞品系QTB11、QTB24虽分蘖能力强,但分蘖成穗差。二棱青稞品系小穗数、穗粒数、穗粒质量均显著低于六棱青稞品种,千粒质量由高到低表现为QTB17>QTB25>QTB16>藏青2000>QTB24>QTB23>QTB13>藏青25>QTB11。二棱青稞品系籽粒产量均显著低于对照,影响二棱青稞品系产量的因子主要为小穗数、穗粒数及穗粒质量。在二棱青稞品系株高与对照品种藏青2000、藏青25差异均不显著(除QTB25与藏青25差异显著外)的情况下,二棱青稞品系饲草产量均显著高于六棱青稞品种,最高增幅可达94.9%。
The population dynamics and agronomic traits of 7 two-rowed highland barley lines including QTB11,QTB13,QTB16,QTB17,QTB23,QTB24 and QTB25 were studied with Zangqing 2000 and Zangqing 25 as controls,so as to provide theoretical basis for the feasibility study of two-rowed highland barley breeding.The results showed that the number of basic seedlings of two-rowed highland barley lines QTB16,QTB17 and QTB25 were higher,which were significantly higher than that of Zangqing 2000,but there was no significant difference from Zangqing 25,the other remaining lines were not significantly different from controls.The tillering ability and effective tillering rate of most two-rowed highland barley lines were relatively higher than those of six-rowed highland barley.QTB11 had the highest tillering ability,and QTB13 had the highest effective tillering rate,both of which were significantly higher than the other highland barley varieties(lines).Although the tillering ability of QTB11 and QTB24 was strong,the effective tillering rate was low.The spikelet number,grains number per spike,grains weight per spike of two-rowed highland barley lines were all significantly lower than those of six-rowed highland barley.The order of thousand seed weight was QTB17>QTB25>QTB16>Zangqing 2000>QTB24>QTB23>QTB13>Zangqing 25>QTB11.The grain yields of the two-rowed highland barley lines were significantly lower than controls,and correlation analysis results showed that the main influence factors of yield were spikelet number,grains number per spike and grains weight per spike.There was no significant difference between two-rowed and six-rowed highland barley in plant height(except between QTB25 and Zangqing 25),but forage yields were remarkably higher than those of controls,and the highest growth rate could reach 94.9%.
The population dynamics and agronomic traits of 7 two-rowed highland barley lines including QTB11,QTB13,QTB16,QTB17,QTB23,QTB24 and QTB25 were studied with Zangqing 2000 and Zangqing 25 as controls,so as to provide theoretical basis for the feasibility study of two-rowed highland barley breeding.The results showed that the number of basic seedlings of two-rowed highland barley lines QTB16,QTB17 and QTB25 were higher,which were significantly higher than that of Zangqing 2000,but there was no significant difference from Zangqing 25,the other remaining lines were not significantly different from controls.The tillering ability and effective tillering rate of most two-rowed highland barley lines were relatively higher than those of six-rowed highland barley.QTB11 had the highest tillering ability,and QTB13 had the highest effective tillering rate,both of which were significantly higher than the other highland barley varieties(lines).Although the tillering ability of QTB11 and QTB24 was strong,the effective tillering rate was low.The spikelet number,grains number per spike,grains weight per spike of two-rowed highland barley lines were all significantly lower than those of six-rowed highland barley.The order of thousand seed weight was QTB17>QTB25>QTB16>Zangqing 2000>QTB24>QTB23>QTB13>Zangqing 25>QTB11.The grain yields of the two-rowed highland barley lines were significantly lower than controls,and correlation analysis results showed that the main influence factors of yield were spikelet number,grains number per spike and grains weight per spike.There was no significant difference between two-rowed and six-rowed highland barley in plant height(except between QTB25 and Zangqing 25),but forage yields were remarkably higher than those of controls,and the highest growth rate could reach 94.9%.
引文
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[2] 吕远平,熊茉君,贾利蓉,等.青稞特性及在食品中的应用[J].食品科学,2005,26(7):266-270.
[3] 袁雷,刘依兰.基于GIS和气候-土地利用信息的西藏青稞种植适宜性区划[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(17):92-97.
[4] 王蕾,徐金青,夏腾飞,等.青藏高原青稞及其他地区大麦种子表型的多样性分析[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(3):40-44.
[5] 胡单,王长发,任学敏,等.不同棱型大麦品种旗叶光合性能的差异[J].麦类作物学报,2008,28(4):661-664.
[6] 陈晓静,沈会权,乔海龙,等.大麦种质资源形态特征及农艺性状的分析[J].江苏农业学报,2007,23(6):532-535.
[7] 张新忠,李英哲,郭宝健,等.二棱大麦与六棱大麦籽粒性状的差异性及其相关性[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(11):1474-1481.
[8] 李洪涛,王军,张灿宏,等.大麦株高及其构成因素的杂种优势和配合力分析[J].浙江农业学报,2015,27(2):141-147.
[9] 郜战宁,冯辉,薛正刚,等.28个大麦品种(系)主要农艺性状分析[J].作物杂志,2018(1):77-82.
[10] 孟霞,卓嘎,大次卓嘎,等.西藏部分青稞主要农艺性状分析[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(6):1043-1047.
[11] 杨金华,于亚雄,刘丽,等.云南省不同环境对二棱大麦产量及产量构成因素的影响[J].大麦与谷类科学,2007(4):30-33.
[12] 苏玉环,刘保华,马永安,等.种植密度对不同分蘖类型冬小麦分蘖成穗及产量的影响[J].河北农业科学,2017,21(4):13-17.
[13] 张荣华,桂意云,韦金菊,等.作物分蘖特性研究进展[J].园艺与种苗,2017(7):71-75.
[14] 高彩婷.大麦种质资源评价与利用[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2005.
[15] 郭晓丽,白丽荣.10个小黑麦品种(系)的遗传多样性分析[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(2):26-28.
[16] 夏腾飞,王蕾,徐金青,等.267份青藏高原青稞种质材料的表型多样性分析[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(2):182-193.
[17] 陈丽华,张志斌,侯志强,等.青海省青稞主栽品种农艺性状分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(3):439-444.
[18] 王莹,朱坤华,张永鑫.二棱和四棱皮大麦农艺性状对产量的通径分析与比较研究[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30(2):64-66.
[19] 庞有强,张小燕,潘高峰.不同棱型大麦材料灌浆特性分析[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(3):103-106.