添加单宁酸对木薯叶青贮品质和有氧稳定性的影响
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摘要
为了改善木薯(Manihot esculenta)叶青贮品质,本研究分析了单宁非光合酸对木薯叶青贮品质及营养成分的影响,以确定青贮木薯叶最适合的单宁酸添加量。本研究以华南7号木薯幼嫩茎叶为原料进行青贮试验,设对照组和添加0.5%、1%、2%的单宁酸处理组,30 d后分析木薯叶青贮饲料发酵品质、有氧稳定性以及主要营养成分含量。结果表明,木薯叶直接青贮品质较差,添加单宁酸处理可以提高青贮饲料的乳酸含量,降低pH和丁酸含量(P <0.05),提高有氧稳定性,其中添加1%单宁酸处理组pH最低、乳酸含量最高、青贮评分最高;同时可以提高粗蛋白(crude protein, CP)含量,降低中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber, NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber, ADF)含量(P <0.05),提高了饲料相对值(relative feed value, RFV),其中添加1%单宁酸处理组RFV最高。因此,添加单宁酸可以提高木薯叶青贮品质和有氧稳定性,并提高营养价值。综合考虑,推荐单宁酸适宜添加浓度为1%。
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tannic acids on the fermentation quality, aerobic stability,and nutrient content of cassava(Manihot esculenta) foliage silage and to determine the optimal tannic acid addition rate.Experimental treatments included a control(CK) and three treatments of different tannic acid addition ratios(0.5%, 1%, 2%of fresh weight). Silos were opened after 30 days of ensiling and fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and chemical composition were analyzed. Results showed that the addition of tannic acids increased lactic acid content(LA), decreased pH and butyric acid content(P < 0.05), and improved aerobic stability relative to the control. In the 1% addition treatment, pH was lower and LA content and silage scores were higher than in other treatments. Additionally, fiber content decreased(P <0.05), and crude protein(CP) and relative feed value(RFV) of tannic acid treatments increased. We found that the RFV of the 1% addition treatment was significantly higher than in other treatments. In conclusion, tannic acid addition improves the fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and nutrient value of cassava foliage silage, and results suggest that a 1% tannic acid addition is the most appropriate treatment.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tannic acids on the fermentation quality, aerobic stability,and nutrient content of cassava(Manihot esculenta) foliage silage and to determine the optimal tannic acid addition rate.Experimental treatments included a control(CK) and three treatments of different tannic acid addition ratios(0.5%, 1%, 2%of fresh weight). Silos were opened after 30 days of ensiling and fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and chemical composition were analyzed. Results showed that the addition of tannic acids increased lactic acid content(LA), decreased pH and butyric acid content(P < 0.05), and improved aerobic stability relative to the control. In the 1% addition treatment, pH was lower and LA content and silage scores were higher than in other treatments. Additionally, fiber content decreased(P <0.05), and crude protein(CP) and relative feed value(RFV) of tannic acid treatments increased. We found that the RFV of the 1% addition treatment was significantly higher than in other treatments. In conclusion, tannic acid addition improves the fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and nutrient value of cassava foliage silage, and results suggest that a 1% tannic acid addition is the most appropriate treatment.
引文
[1]中国热带农业科学院.中国热带作物产业可持续发展研究.北京:科学出版社,2014.CHINESE ACADEMY OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES.Research on Sustainable Development of Chinese Tropical Crops Industry.Beijing:Science Press,2014.
[2]徐缓,林立铭,王琴飞,陈常女,张振文.木薯嫩茎叶饲料化利用品质分析与评价.饲料工业,2016,37(23):18-22.XU H,LIN L M,WANG Q F,CHEN C N,ZHANG Z W.Analytic and evaluation of tender stalk and frondage on cassava.Feed Industry,2016,37(23):18-22.
[3]LI M,ZHOU H L,PAN X Y,XU T S,ZHANG Z W,ZI X J,JIANG Y.Cassava foliage affects the microbial diversity of Chinese indigenous geese caecum using 16S rRNA sequencing.Scientific Reports,2017,7:45697.
[4]李茂,字学娟,徐铁山,周汉林.木薯叶粉对鹅生长性能和血液生理生化指标的影响.动物营养学报,2016,28(10):3168-3174.LI M,ZI X J,XU T S,ZHOU H L.Effects of cassava leaf meal on growth performance and blood physiological and biochemical indexes of geese.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(10):3168-3174.
[5]胡琳,王定发,李韦,周璐丽,李茂,周汉林.日粮中添加不同比例木薯茎叶对海南黑山羊生长性能、血清生化指标和养分表观消化率的影响.中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(12):3193-3199.HU L,WANG D F,LI W,ZHOU L L,LI M,ZHOU H L.Effects of different proportions of cassava stem and leaf in diets on growth performance,serum biochemistry index and nutrient apparent digestibility of hainan black goat.China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2016,43(12):3193-3199.
[6]周璐丽,王定发,张振文,陈松笔.华南7号木薯茎叶营养价值评价.热带作物学报,2016(12):2245-2249.ZHOU L L,WANG D F,ZHANG Z W,CHEN S B,ZHOU H L.Nutritional value of stems and leaves of Manihot esculenta Crantz cv.south China 7.Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2016(12):2245-2249.
[7]冯巧娟,朱琳,吴安琪,张建国.青贮时间和温度对木薯块根和叶发酵品质及氢氰酸含量的影响.草业科学,2018,35(5):1293-1298.FENG Q J,ZHU L,WU A Q,ZHANG J G.Effect of ensiling time and temperature on the fermentaion quality and content of hydrocyanic acid in cassava roots and leaves.Pratacultural Science,2018,35(5):1293-1298.
[8]田静,朱琳,董朝霞,王晓亚,张建国.处理方法对木薯块根氢氰酸含量和营养成分的影响.草地学报,2017,25(4):875-879.TIAN J,ZHU L,DONG Z X,WANG X Y,ZHANG J G.Effects of treatment methods on the hydrocyanic acid content and nutrient composition of cassava roots.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2017,25(4):875-879.
[9]MAN N V,WIKTORSSON H.Effect of molasses on nutritional quality of cassava and Gliricidia tops silage.Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2002,15(15):1294-1299.
[10]NAPASIRTH V,NAPASIRTH P,SULINTHONE T,PHOMMACHANH K,CAI Y.Microbial population,chemical composition and silage fermentation of cassava residues.Animal Science Journal,2015,86(9):842-848.
[11]张磊.添加剂对象草和意大利黑麦草青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性影响的研究.南京:南京农业大学博士学位论文,2010.ZHANG L.Study of effects of additives on Napier grass and Italian ryegrass fermentation quality and aerobic stability.PhDThesis.Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2010.
[12]TABACCO E,BORREANI G,CROVETTO G M,GALASSI G,COLOMBO D,CAVALLARIN L.Effect of chestnut tannin on fermentation quality,proteolysis,and protein rumen degradability of alfalfa silage.Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(12):4736-4746.
[13]SYAHNIAR T M,RIDLA M,JAYANEGARA A.Effects of glycerol and chestnut tannin addition in cassava leaves(Manihot esculenta Crantz)on silage quality and in vitro rumen fermentation profiles.Journal of Applied Animal Research,2018,46(1):1207-1213.
[14]GETACHEW G,PITTROFF W,PUTNAM D H,DANDEKAR A,GOYAL S,DEPETERS E J.The influence of addition of gallic acid,tannic acid,or quebracho tannins to alfalfa hay on in vitro,rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis.Animal Feed Science&Technology,2008,140(3):444-461.
[15]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术.第3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007.ZHANG L Y.Feed Analysis and Quality in Inspection Technology.The 3rd edition.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2007.
[16]ROHWEDER D A,BARNES R F,JORGENSEN N.Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality.Journal of Animal Science,1978,47:747-759.
[17]刘建新,杨振海,叶均安,史占全,吴跃明.青贮饲料的合理调制与质量评定标准.饲料工业,1999,20(4):3-5.LIU J X,YANG Z H,YE J A,SHI Z Q,WU Y M.Reasonable processing and quality assessment standard for silage.Feed Industry,1999,20(4):3-5.
[18]刘秦华,张建国,卢小良.乳酸菌添加剂对王草青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响.草业学报,2009,18(4):131-137.LIU Q H,ZHANG J G,LU X L.The effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculation on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of king grass silage.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2009,18(4):131-137.
[19]杨冬梅,陶双伦,梁静,李俊年.添加单宁酸对青贮葛藤茎叶品质的影响.草地学报,2012,20(4):784-787.YANG D M,TAO S L,LIANG J,LI J N.Effects of tannic acid additive on the quality of Kudzu stem and leaf silage.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2012,20(4):784-787.
[20]ADESOGAN A T,SALAWU M B.The effect of different additives on the fermentation quality,aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of pea/wheat bi-crop silages containing contrasting pea to wheat ratios.Grass&Forage Science,2002,57(1):25-32.
[21]NASCIMENTO T V C,BEZERRA L R,MENEZES D R,LUCENA A R F,QUEIROZ M Aá,TRAJANO J S,OLIVEIRA R L.Condensed tannin-amended cassava silage:Fermentation characteristics,degradation kinetics and in-vitro gas production with rumen liquor.Journal of Agricultural Science,2017,156(1):1-9.
[22]SALAWU M B,ACAMOVIC T,STEWART C S,HVELPLUND.The use of tannins as silage additives:Effects on silage composition and mobile bag disappearance of dry matter and protein.Animal Feed Science&Technology,1999,82:243-259.
[23]OLIVEIRA S G D,BERCHIELLI T T,REIS R A,VECHETINI M E,MáRCIO DOS SANTOS PEDREIRA.Fermentative characteristics and aerobic stability of sorghum silages containing different tannin levels.Animal Feed Science&Technology,2009,154:1-8.
[2]徐缓,林立铭,王琴飞,陈常女,张振文.木薯嫩茎叶饲料化利用品质分析与评价.饲料工业,2016,37(23):18-22.XU H,LIN L M,WANG Q F,CHEN C N,ZHANG Z W.Analytic and evaluation of tender stalk and frondage on cassava.Feed Industry,2016,37(23):18-22.
[3]LI M,ZHOU H L,PAN X Y,XU T S,ZHANG Z W,ZI X J,JIANG Y.Cassava foliage affects the microbial diversity of Chinese indigenous geese caecum using 16S rRNA sequencing.Scientific Reports,2017,7:45697.
[4]李茂,字学娟,徐铁山,周汉林.木薯叶粉对鹅生长性能和血液生理生化指标的影响.动物营养学报,2016,28(10):3168-3174.LI M,ZI X J,XU T S,ZHOU H L.Effects of cassava leaf meal on growth performance and blood physiological and biochemical indexes of geese.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(10):3168-3174.
[5]胡琳,王定发,李韦,周璐丽,李茂,周汉林.日粮中添加不同比例木薯茎叶对海南黑山羊生长性能、血清生化指标和养分表观消化率的影响.中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(12):3193-3199.HU L,WANG D F,LI W,ZHOU L L,LI M,ZHOU H L.Effects of different proportions of cassava stem and leaf in diets on growth performance,serum biochemistry index and nutrient apparent digestibility of hainan black goat.China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2016,43(12):3193-3199.
[6]周璐丽,王定发,张振文,陈松笔.华南7号木薯茎叶营养价值评价.热带作物学报,2016(12):2245-2249.ZHOU L L,WANG D F,ZHANG Z W,CHEN S B,ZHOU H L.Nutritional value of stems and leaves of Manihot esculenta Crantz cv.south China 7.Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2016(12):2245-2249.
[7]冯巧娟,朱琳,吴安琪,张建国.青贮时间和温度对木薯块根和叶发酵品质及氢氰酸含量的影响.草业科学,2018,35(5):1293-1298.FENG Q J,ZHU L,WU A Q,ZHANG J G.Effect of ensiling time and temperature on the fermentaion quality and content of hydrocyanic acid in cassava roots and leaves.Pratacultural Science,2018,35(5):1293-1298.
[8]田静,朱琳,董朝霞,王晓亚,张建国.处理方法对木薯块根氢氰酸含量和营养成分的影响.草地学报,2017,25(4):875-879.TIAN J,ZHU L,DONG Z X,WANG X Y,ZHANG J G.Effects of treatment methods on the hydrocyanic acid content and nutrient composition of cassava roots.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2017,25(4):875-879.
[9]MAN N V,WIKTORSSON H.Effect of molasses on nutritional quality of cassava and Gliricidia tops silage.Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2002,15(15):1294-1299.
[10]NAPASIRTH V,NAPASIRTH P,SULINTHONE T,PHOMMACHANH K,CAI Y.Microbial population,chemical composition and silage fermentation of cassava residues.Animal Science Journal,2015,86(9):842-848.
[11]张磊.添加剂对象草和意大利黑麦草青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性影响的研究.南京:南京农业大学博士学位论文,2010.ZHANG L.Study of effects of additives on Napier grass and Italian ryegrass fermentation quality and aerobic stability.PhDThesis.Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2010.
[12]TABACCO E,BORREANI G,CROVETTO G M,GALASSI G,COLOMBO D,CAVALLARIN L.Effect of chestnut tannin on fermentation quality,proteolysis,and protein rumen degradability of alfalfa silage.Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(12):4736-4746.
[13]SYAHNIAR T M,RIDLA M,JAYANEGARA A.Effects of glycerol and chestnut tannin addition in cassava leaves(Manihot esculenta Crantz)on silage quality and in vitro rumen fermentation profiles.Journal of Applied Animal Research,2018,46(1):1207-1213.
[14]GETACHEW G,PITTROFF W,PUTNAM D H,DANDEKAR A,GOYAL S,DEPETERS E J.The influence of addition of gallic acid,tannic acid,or quebracho tannins to alfalfa hay on in vitro,rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis.Animal Feed Science&Technology,2008,140(3):444-461.
[15]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术.第3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007.ZHANG L Y.Feed Analysis and Quality in Inspection Technology.The 3rd edition.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2007.
[16]ROHWEDER D A,BARNES R F,JORGENSEN N.Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality.Journal of Animal Science,1978,47:747-759.
[17]刘建新,杨振海,叶均安,史占全,吴跃明.青贮饲料的合理调制与质量评定标准.饲料工业,1999,20(4):3-5.LIU J X,YANG Z H,YE J A,SHI Z Q,WU Y M.Reasonable processing and quality assessment standard for silage.Feed Industry,1999,20(4):3-5.
[18]刘秦华,张建国,卢小良.乳酸菌添加剂对王草青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响.草业学报,2009,18(4):131-137.LIU Q H,ZHANG J G,LU X L.The effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculation on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of king grass silage.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2009,18(4):131-137.
[19]杨冬梅,陶双伦,梁静,李俊年.添加单宁酸对青贮葛藤茎叶品质的影响.草地学报,2012,20(4):784-787.YANG D M,TAO S L,LIANG J,LI J N.Effects of tannic acid additive on the quality of Kudzu stem and leaf silage.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2012,20(4):784-787.
[20]ADESOGAN A T,SALAWU M B.The effect of different additives on the fermentation quality,aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of pea/wheat bi-crop silages containing contrasting pea to wheat ratios.Grass&Forage Science,2002,57(1):25-32.
[21]NASCIMENTO T V C,BEZERRA L R,MENEZES D R,LUCENA A R F,QUEIROZ M Aá,TRAJANO J S,OLIVEIRA R L.Condensed tannin-amended cassava silage:Fermentation characteristics,degradation kinetics and in-vitro gas production with rumen liquor.Journal of Agricultural Science,2017,156(1):1-9.
[22]SALAWU M B,ACAMOVIC T,STEWART C S,HVELPLUND.The use of tannins as silage additives:Effects on silage composition and mobile bag disappearance of dry matter and protein.Animal Feed Science&Technology,1999,82:243-259.
[23]OLIVEIRA S G D,BERCHIELLI T T,REIS R A,VECHETINI M E,MáRCIO DOS SANTOS PEDREIRA.Fermentative characteristics and aerobic stability of sorghum silages containing different tannin levels.Animal Feed Science&Technology,2009,154:1-8.