基于结构单元的机床动态特性分析
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摘要
针对整机动态特性优化,提出基于结构单元的优化方法。首先选用空间占比一致的四种典型筋板结构单元,对比分析研究验证其具备不同的动态特性;然后分别对四种结构单元组成的立柱、床身和整机动态特性进行对比分析研究,验证不同结构单元对其动态特性的影响。结果显示:三边体的单元首阶固有频率最高,四边体的床身较其它首阶固有频率高,三边体的立柱首阶固有频率明显高于其他,三边体的整机首阶固有频率较四边体高出5%。由此可见,三边体的机床具有更好的整机动态特性,在机床优化过程中应优先考虑三边体结构单元。
With the improvement of machining accuracy,the machine tool is required to have better dynamic performance. According to the dynamic characteristics optimization of the whole machine,an optimization method based on unit structure is proposed. Firstly,four typical structures with uniform space proportions are selected to verify their dynamic characteristics through comparative analysis. Then,the dynamic characteristics of the column,bed and the whole machine of the four kinds of units were compared and studied,and the effects of different units on the dynamic characteristics were verified. The results show that the first order natural frequency is the highest in the three-sided body,the quadrangle bed is higher than other first order natural frequency,the first order natural frequency of the three-sided body is obviously higher than others,and the first order natural frequency of the three-sided body is 5% higher than that of the quadrilateral body. It can be seen that the three-side machine has better dynamic characteristics,and the three-side body element structure should be given priority in the process of machine optimization.
With the improvement of machining accuracy,the machine tool is required to have better dynamic performance. According to the dynamic characteristics optimization of the whole machine,an optimization method based on unit structure is proposed. Firstly,four typical structures with uniform space proportions are selected to verify their dynamic characteristics through comparative analysis. Then,the dynamic characteristics of the column,bed and the whole machine of the four kinds of units were compared and studied,and the effects of different units on the dynamic characteristics were verified. The results show that the first order natural frequency is the highest in the three-sided body,the quadrangle bed is higher than other first order natural frequency,the first order natural frequency of the three-sided body is obviously higher than others,and the first order natural frequency of the three-sided body is 5% higher than that of the quadrilateral body. It can be seen that the three-side machine has better dynamic characteristics,and the three-side body element structure should be given priority in the process of machine optimization.
引文
[1]米洁,甄真,祝英平.基于高加速度加工的机床动态特性研究[J].机械强度,2018,40(04):987-991.
[2]邓聪颖,刘蕴,殷国富,等.基于响应面方法的数控机床空间动态特性研究[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(4):211-218.
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[8]鞠家全,邱自学,崔德友,等.基于正交试验的机床移动横梁多目标优化设计[J].机械强度,2018,40(2):356-362.
[9]邱文瀛,张建富,郁鼎文,等.基于多目标的机床结构优化设计研究[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2018(2):51-56.
[10]刘成颖,谭锋,王立平,等.面向机床整机动态性能的立柱结构优化设计研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(3):161-168.
[11]刘成颖,谭锋,王立平,等.考虑机床动态性能的床身元结构二次优化方法[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(11):399-404.
[12]孙光明,焦锋,刘建慧.基于元结构的数控钻镗床床身静动特性分析及结构优化[J].现代制造工程,2014(2):41-46+69.
[13]张曙,张柄生,机床的总体配置和结构设计(下)[J].机械设计与制造工程,2016(4):1-10.
[2]邓聪颖,刘蕴,殷国富,等.基于响应面方法的数控机床空间动态特性研究[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(4):211-218.
[3]鄢威,张华,江志刚.基于BPMN的数控机床能耗多源动态特性建模及应用[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(11):195-202.
[4]李永强.卧式加工中心移动立柱的轻量化设计和拓扑优化分析[J].机械研究与应用,2018,31(03):46-49.
[5]刘成颖,谭锋,王立平.基于拓扑优化与筋板布局的立柱轻量化设计[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2015(4):1-4+9.
[6]毛海军,孙庆鸿,陈南,等.筋板布置型式对机床动态性能的影响[J].制造技术与机床,2001(4):11-12+3.
[7]饶柳生,侯亮,潘勇军.基于拓扑优化的机床立柱筋板改进[J].机械设计与研究,2010,26(1):87-92.
[8]鞠家全,邱自学,崔德友,等.基于正交试验的机床移动横梁多目标优化设计[J].机械强度,2018,40(2):356-362.
[9]邱文瀛,张建富,郁鼎文,等.基于多目标的机床结构优化设计研究[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2018(2):51-56.
[10]刘成颖,谭锋,王立平,等.面向机床整机动态性能的立柱结构优化设计研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(3):161-168.
[11]刘成颖,谭锋,王立平,等.考虑机床动态性能的床身元结构二次优化方法[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(11):399-404.
[12]孙光明,焦锋,刘建慧.基于元结构的数控钻镗床床身静动特性分析及结构优化[J].现代制造工程,2014(2):41-46+69.
[13]张曙,张柄生,机床的总体配置和结构设计(下)[J].机械设计与制造工程,2016(4):1-10.