静压支承摩擦副变形流热力耦合求解与实验
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摘要
摩擦副变形对静压支承摩擦学性能有显著影响,不均匀变形会引起润滑油膜破裂和干摩擦,严重时导致静压支承摩擦失效。针对环形缝隙节流静压支承,运用计算流体动力学、弹性理论和有限元法对静压支承摩擦副变形进行流热力耦合求解,得到了旋转速度和工作台自重对支承摩擦副变形的影响规律和摩擦失效机理。并进行了实验验证,数值模拟结果和实验值吻合较好,验证了数值模拟方法的正确性。研究结果表明:随着旋转工作台转速增加,间隙油膜温度升高,热变形增大。工作台自重产生摩擦副的弹性变形对热变形有均匀化作用,但其挤压效应会加大热变形,造成工作台和底座的变形为内边靠近外部开口的喇叭状。工况继续恶劣,润滑油黏度急剧下降,局部油膜迅速变薄,出现干摩擦润滑,导致静压支承摩擦失效。
The deformation of friction pairs has a significant influence on friction performance of hydrostatic bearing, and the non-uniform deformation will result in oil film rupture, dry friction, and even friction failure. The fluid-thermal-mechanical interaction model of oil hydrostatic bearing with annular slit restrictors is established. The deformation of hydrostatic bearing friction pairs has been solved through fluid-thermal-mechanical coupled method based on computational fluid dynamics, elastic theory and finite element method. The relationship among the deformation of hydrostatic thrust bearing and rotational speed and workbench weight is established, and its deformation distribution law is revealed. A test rig is established for testing deformation. The results show that the experimental data are basically identical with the simulation results, and demonstrate the validity of the proposed numerical simulation method. The results prove that the clearance oil film temperature of hydrostatic bearing rise sharply and the thermal deformation is also increasing with the increase of rotational speed. The thermal deformation are homogenized by the elastic deformation caused by the workbench weight, but the squeeze effect will increase the thermal deformation. The deformation of the rotating workbench and the base is like a trumpet. The inner edge is closing and outer edge is opening. By further increasing the rotational speed and load weight, the lubricating oil viscosity declines sharply, the oil film grows thin quickly, the bearing friction pair exhibits uneven deformation, and the local bearing friction pairs sustain boundary lubrication or dry friction which may cause the friction failure.
The deformation of friction pairs has a significant influence on friction performance of hydrostatic bearing, and the non-uniform deformation will result in oil film rupture, dry friction, and even friction failure. The fluid-thermal-mechanical interaction model of oil hydrostatic bearing with annular slit restrictors is established. The deformation of hydrostatic bearing friction pairs has been solved through fluid-thermal-mechanical coupled method based on computational fluid dynamics, elastic theory and finite element method. The relationship among the deformation of hydrostatic thrust bearing and rotational speed and workbench weight is established, and its deformation distribution law is revealed. A test rig is established for testing deformation. The results show that the experimental data are basically identical with the simulation results, and demonstrate the validity of the proposed numerical simulation method. The results prove that the clearance oil film temperature of hydrostatic bearing rise sharply and the thermal deformation is also increasing with the increase of rotational speed. The thermal deformation are homogenized by the elastic deformation caused by the workbench weight, but the squeeze effect will increase the thermal deformation. The deformation of the rotating workbench and the base is like a trumpet. The inner edge is closing and outer edge is opening. By further increasing the rotational speed and load weight, the lubricating oil viscosity declines sharply, the oil film grows thin quickly, the bearing friction pair exhibits uneven deformation, and the local bearing friction pairs sustain boundary lubrication or dry friction which may cause the friction failure.
引文
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[25]左孔天,钱勤,赵雨东.热耦合结构的拓扑优化设计研究[J].固体力学学报,2005,26(4):447―452.Zuo Kongtian,Qian Qin,Zhao Yudong.Research on the topology optimization about thermostructural coupling field[J].Acta Mechanica Solid Sinica,2005,26(4):447―452.(in Chinese)
[2]陈凌珊,赵吉华,唐国兰.轴承弹性变形对动载滑动轴承润滑状况影响的分析[J].润滑与密封,2003(1):65―69.Chen Lingshan,Zhao Jihua,Tang Guolan.A analysis of the lubricating condition for the elastic deformation on dynamically loaded journal bearing[J].Lubrication Engineering,2003(1):65―69.(in Chinese)
[3]钟崴,崔敏,童水光.油膜润滑条件下滑动轴承变形与应力数值模拟[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2012,46(7):1227―1232.Zhong Wei,Cui Min,Tong Shuiguang.Numerical simulation of deformation and stress in sliding bearing considering oil film lubrication[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2012,46(7):1227―1232.(in Chinese)
[4]孙军,王震华,桂长林.计入曲轴受载变形的粗糙表面曲轴轴承弹性流体动力润滑分析[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(1):135―140.Sun Jun,Wang Zhenhua,Gui Changlin.Elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis of crankshaft bearing considering crankshaft deformation under load and roughness surface[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2009,45(1):135―140.(in Chinese)
[5]蔡晓霞,孙军,刘利平,等.计及机体变形的内燃机主轴承弹性流体动力润滑分析[J].摩擦学学报,2010,30(2):118―122.Cai Xiaoxia,Sun Jun,Liu Liping,et al.Elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis of main bearing for internal combustion engine considering block deformation[J].Tribology,2010,30(2):118―122.(in Chinese)
[6]彭晋民,王家序,余江波,等.水润滑塑料合金轴承的弹性变形及其影响[J].农业机械学报,2002,33(3):102―105.Peng Jinmin,Wang Jiaxu,Yu Jiangbo,et al.Elastic deformation of water lubricated plastic alloy bearings and its effect[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2002,33(3):102―105.(in Chinese)
[7]王建磊,李军杰,杨培基,等.动静压轴承温度场和热变形的仿真分析[C]//第十届全国振动理论及应用学术会议论文集.南京:南京航空航天大学,2011:389―393.Wang Jianlei,Li Junjie,Yang Peiji,et al.Liquid hybrid bearing temperature field and thermal deformation simulation[C]//10th National Vibration Technology and Application NVTA’2011.Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2011:389―393.(in Chinese)
[8]牛荣军,黄平.粗糙表面塑性变形对弹流润滑性能的影响[J].润滑与密封,2006:20―23.Niu Rongjun,Huang Ping.The influences of elasticplastic deformation of rough surfaces on elastohydrodynamic lubrication for line contacts[J].Lubrication Engineering,2006(6):20―23.(in Chinese)
[9]赵明,黄正东,陈立平.重型数控立车工作台静压计算与优化[J].中国机械工程,2008,19(22):2742―2747.Zhao Ming,Huang Zhengdong,Chen Liping.Hydrostatic pressure calculation and optimization of worktable for heavy duty CNC vertical turning mill[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2008,19(22):2742―2747.(in Chinese)
[10]王智伟,查俊,陈耀龙,等.流固耦合对油静压导轨动静特性的影响[J].机械工程学报,2015,50(9):148―152.Wang Zhiwei,Zha Jun,Chen Yaolong,et al.Influencing of fluid-structure interactions on static and dynamic characteristics of oil hydrostatic guideways[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,50(9):148―152.(in Chinese)
[11]申峰,陈从连,刘赵淼.圆形静压油腔流场特性的PIV实验与数值模拟研究[J].工程力学,2015,32(1):226―233.Shen Feng,Chen Conglian,Liu Zhaomiao.PIV measurements and numerical simulation for flow characteristics in round hydrostatic oil cavity[J].Engineering Mechanics,2015,32(1):226―233.(in Chinese)
[12]刘志峰,湛承鹏,赵永胜,等.倾斜状态下静压油垫承载性能研究[J].工程力学,2015,32(5):208―212,220.Liu Zhifeng,Zhan Chengpeng,Zhao Yongsheng,et al.Research on the bearing performance of hydrostatic oil pad under tilting condition[J].Engineering Mechanics,2015,32(5):208―212,220.(in Chinese)
[13]Novikov E A,Shitikov I A,Maksimov V A.Calculation of the characteristics of a hydrostatic ring thrust bearing for refrigeration compressors[J].Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,2004,40(40):23―26.
[14]Canbulut F,Sinanoglu C,Yildirim S.Analysis of effects of sizes of orifice and pocket on the rigidity of hydrostatic bearing using neural network predictor system[J].KSME International Journal,2004,18(30):432―442.
[15]Hemmi M,Hagiya K,Ichisawa K,et al.Computation of thermal deformation of thrust bearing pad concerning the convection by non-uniform oil flow[C]//Proceedings of World Tribology Congress III,Washington,DC,Sept.12―16,ASME.Washington,D C,2005:61―62.
[16]Vakilian M,Abdolreza S,Nassab G,et al.CFD-based thermohydrodynamic analysis of rayleigh step bearings considering an inertia effect[J].Tribology Transactions,2004,57(1):123―133.
[17]Moldovan S I,Braun M J,Balasoiu A M.A three-dimensional parametric study and numerical/experimental flow visualization of a six-pocket hydrostatic journal bearing[J].Tribology Transactions,2013,56(1):1―26.
[18]斯坦斯菲尔德F M.静压支承在机床上的应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.Adam Stansfield F M.Application of hydrostatic bearing in machine tools[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[19]陈燕生.液体静压支承原理和设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1980.Cheng Yansheng.Principle and design of hydrostatic bearing[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,1980.(in Chinese)
[20]丁振乾.液体静压支承设计[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1986.Ding Zhenqian.Design of hydrostatic bearing[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press,1986.(in Chinese)
[21]章本照.流体力学数值方法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.Zhang Benzhao.Numerical methods of fluid dynamics[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[22]ANSYS,Inc.ANSYS CFX-solver modeling guide[M].ANSYS,Inc.2007.
[23]王福军.计算流体动力学分析—FLUENT软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.Wang Fujun.Calculation flow mechanics analysesfluent software principle and applies[M].Beijing:Tsing Hua University Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[24]韩占忠,王敬,兰小平.FLUENT流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004.Han Zhanzhong,Wang Jing,Lan Xiaoping,The FLUENT fluid project simulates calculating an example and applies[M].Beijing:Press of Beijing Institute of Technology,2004.(in Chinese)
[25]左孔天,钱勤,赵雨东.热耦合结构的拓扑优化设计研究[J].固体力学学报,2005,26(4):447―452.Zuo Kongtian,Qian Qin,Zhao Yudong.Research on the topology optimization about thermostructural coupling field[J].Acta Mechanica Solid Sinica,2005,26(4):447―452.(in Chinese)