影响LNG储罐吊顶通气孔尺寸的工况分析
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摘要
大型LNG储罐通常采用吊顶结构,为了平衡吊顶上下气相空间的压力,需在吊顶上设置通气孔。从理论上阐明了影响LNG储罐通气孔尺寸选取的开车阶段氮气干燥和置换、翻滚等超压工况和欠压工况,提供了利用HYSYS中的PIPE模型来计算流体流经通气孔时的阻力损失的方法,以及LNG接收站和液化厂LNG储罐吊顶通气孔的尺寸选取方法。
Suspended ceiling are generally adopted for large LNG tank and vent holes are required on the suspended ceiling to balance the pressure between upper and lower gas-phase space. This paper illustrates theoretically the conditions including the nitrogen drying and replacement,rollover and vacuum,which affects the size selection of LNG storage tank vent,and provides the method to calculate the pressure loss of suspended vent holes by using the HYSYS PIPE model,and guides the size selection of suspended vent holes of LNG storage tank in LNG terminal and LNG plant.
Suspended ceiling are generally adopted for large LNG tank and vent holes are required on the suspended ceiling to balance the pressure between upper and lower gas-phase space. This paper illustrates theoretically the conditions including the nitrogen drying and replacement,rollover and vacuum,which affects the size selection of LNG storage tank vent,and provides the method to calculate the pressure loss of suspended vent holes by using the HYSYS PIPE model,and guides the size selection of suspended vent holes of LNG storage tank in LNG terminal and LNG plant.
引文
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[17]王萍,曹学文,彭文山,等.大型LNG储罐储液分层特性对翻滚的影响分析[J].石油工程建设,2015,41(4):1-6.Wang Ping,Cao Xuewen,Peng Wenshan,et al.Analysis of Influence of Feature of Liquid Stratification on Rollover in Large LNG Storage Tank[J].Petroleum Engineering Construction,2015,41(4):1-6.
[18]王良军,刘扬.大型储罐内LNG翻滚机理和预防措施[J].天然气工业,2008,28(5):97-99.Wang Liangjun,Liu Yang.LNG Stirring Mechanism and Countermeasures in Large LNG Storage Tanks[J].Natrual Gas Industry,2008,28(5):97-99.
[19]程旭东,徐剑,乔国发.大型液化天然气储罐内液体内分层和翻滚影响因素分析[J].化工学报,2009,60(12):2990-2992.Cheng Xudong,Xu Jian,Qiao Guofa.Analysis of Influential Factors on Liquid Stratification and Rollover in Large Scale LNG Container[J].CIESC Journal,2009,60(12):2990-2992.
[20]BSI.Installation and Equipment for Liquefied Natural Gas—Design of Onshore Installations:EN 1473-2016[S].London:BSI,2016.
[2]王立敏.国内外LNG行业的变化与趋势——“2008第四届中国LNG国际会议”综述[J].国际石油经济,2008,16(12):57-62.Wang Limin.Changes and Trends in the LNG Industry in Chinese and International Markets——Summary of the 2008Fourth International LNG Conference[J].International Petroleum Economics,2008,16(12):57-62.
[3]贾保印,白改玲.关于LNG储罐工作容积影响因素的探讨[J].石油工程建设,2017,43(4):47-49.Jia Baoyin,Bai Gailing.Discussion on the Factors Affecting Working Volume of LNG Tank[J].Pertroleum Engineering Construction,2017,43(4):47-49.
[4]全国石油天然气标准化技术委员会液化天然气分技术委员会.现场组装立式圆筒平底钢质液化天然气储罐的设计与建造:GB/T 26978.1-2011[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012:2.LNG Technology Committee of China Oil and Natural Gas Standardization Technology Committee.Design and Manufacture of Site Built,Vertical,Cylindrical,Flatbottomed Steel Tanks for the Storage of Liquefied Natural Gases:GB/T26978.1-2011[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2012:2.
[5]BSI.Design and Manufacture of Site Built,Vertical,Cylindrical,Flat-bottomed Steel Tanks for the Storage of Liquefied Natural Gases with Operating Temperatures Between 0℃and-165℃:EN14620-2006[S].London:BSI,2006.
[6]BSI.Flat-bottomed,Vertical,Cylindrical Storage Tanks for Low Temperature Service:BS 7777-1993[S].London:BSI,1993.
[7]贾保印,宋媛玲,李婵,等.液化天然气全容罐干燥置换氮气用量计算[J].煤气与热力,2015,35(8):B 05-B 10.Jia Baoyin,Song Yuanling,Li Chan,et al.Calculation of Nitrogen Consumption for Drying and Purging of Liquefied Nature Gas Full Containment Tank[J].Gas&Heat,2015,35(8):B 05-B 10.
[8]仇德朋,鹿晓斌,曲顺利.液化天然气接收站蒸发气产生量的计算研究与分析[J].化学工业与工程技术,2014,35(3):14-17.Qiu Depeng,Lu Xiaobin,Qu Shunli.Research and Analysis of Boil off Gas Calculation in LNG Terminal[J].Journal of Chemical Industry&Engineering,2014,35(3):14-17.
[9]马继红,陈营,梁金鹏,等.LNG中转站的蒸发气产生及处理方案研究[J].化学工程,2013,41(8):75-78.Ma Jihong,Chen Ying,Liang Jinpeng,et al.Boil-off Gas Generated in LNG Transfer Station and Its Treatment Scheme[J].Chemical Engineering,2013,41(8):75-78.
[10]付子航.接收站蒸发气处理系统静态设计计算模型[J].天然气工业,2011,31(1):83-85.Fu Zihang.A Static-design Calculation Model of Boil-off Gas(BOG)Handling System of an LNG Receiving Terminal[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(1):83-85.
[11]康正凌,孙新征.LNG接收站蒸发气量计算方法[J].油气储运,2011,30(9):663-666.Kang Zhengling,Sun Xinzheng.Calculation Method of Evaporating Volume for LNG Receiving Station[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2011,30(9):663-666.
[12]吕俊,张昌维,傅皓.LNG接收站BOG压缩机处理能力计算及选型研究[J].化工设计,2011,21(1):14-16.Lv Jun,Zhang Changwei,Fu Hao.Study on Processing Capacity Calculation and Type Selection of BOG Compressor in LNG Terminal[J].Chemical Engineering Design,2011,21(1):14-16.
[13]刘中华.LNG接收站BOG计算原理[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2013,34(5):240.Liu Zhonghua.The BOG Calculation Principle of LNG Terminal[J].China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality,2013,34(5):240.
[14]刘青.浅谈LNG罐内翻滚现象及预防措施[J].石油化工设计,2015,32(3):42-44.Liu Qing.Discussion on LNG Rollover in Storage Tank and the Prevention Measures[J].Petrochemical Design,2015,32(3):42-44.
[15]姚峰.浅谈LNG在长期储存中的翻滚现象[J].上海煤气,2001,(3):16-18.Yao Feng.Elementary View about LNG Roll-over in Long Term Storage[J].Shanghai Gas,2001,(3):16-18.
[16]张天路.浅谈LNG储罐翻滚现象及防止办法[J].科技展望,2016,26(9):184.Zhang Tianlu.Discussion on the LNG Rollover in Storage Tank and Its Prevention Measures[J].Technology and Technology,2016,26(9):184.
[17]王萍,曹学文,彭文山,等.大型LNG储罐储液分层特性对翻滚的影响分析[J].石油工程建设,2015,41(4):1-6.Wang Ping,Cao Xuewen,Peng Wenshan,et al.Analysis of Influence of Feature of Liquid Stratification on Rollover in Large LNG Storage Tank[J].Petroleum Engineering Construction,2015,41(4):1-6.
[18]王良军,刘扬.大型储罐内LNG翻滚机理和预防措施[J].天然气工业,2008,28(5):97-99.Wang Liangjun,Liu Yang.LNG Stirring Mechanism and Countermeasures in Large LNG Storage Tanks[J].Natrual Gas Industry,2008,28(5):97-99.
[19]程旭东,徐剑,乔国发.大型液化天然气储罐内液体内分层和翻滚影响因素分析[J].化工学报,2009,60(12):2990-2992.Cheng Xudong,Xu Jian,Qiao Guofa.Analysis of Influential Factors on Liquid Stratification and Rollover in Large Scale LNG Container[J].CIESC Journal,2009,60(12):2990-2992.
[20]BSI.Installation and Equipment for Liquefied Natural Gas—Design of Onshore Installations:EN 1473-2016[S].London:BSI,2016.