中国环保产业上市公司效率评价
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摘要
针对中国环保产业,选取2012—2016年28家以环保业务作为主营业务的环保产业上市公司的面板数据为样本,运用数据包络分析中的DEA-BCC模型以及Malmquist全要素生产率指数分别测度28家环保产业上市公司的综合技术效率,纯技术效率,规模效率以及全要素生产率,并对环保产业上市公司的3种效率分别进行静态比较分析与动态比较分析。通过静态比较分析,发现我国环保产业整体综合技术效率处于下降趋势,纯技术效率低,生产技术落后,创新动力不足,难以达到生产前沿面。企业间不仅技术水平差异较大,而且不同环保业务的行业发展水平也不尽相同。通过对28家上市公司的动态比较分析和全要素生产率的指标分解,发现我国环保产业上市公司专业化水平在不断上升,要素配置结构也在不断的改善之中,逐渐接近最优规模状态。但是在纯技术效率方面呈现逐年下降趋势,表明我国环保产业上市公司组织管理水平较低,缺乏效率,难以为实现技术进步以及规模效应奠定良好的组织机制。因而推动我国环保产业的发展,就必须加强技术创新能力,提高技术水平,以增强环保产业发展的硬实力,同时提升企业组织管理水平,增强企业的软实力。
For China's environmental protection industry,the panel data of 28 environmental protection industry listed companies with environmental protection business as their main business in 2012—2016 were selected as samples.DEA-BCC model in data envelopment analysis and Malmquist total factor productivity index were used to get comprehensive technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency,scale efficiency and total factor productivity of 28 listed companies,and these data were analyzed through static comparison and dynamic comparison.Through static comparative analysis,it is found that the overall comprehensive technical efficiency of China's environmental protection industry is in a downward trend,the pure technology is inefficient,the production technology is backward,the innovation power is insufficient,and it is difficult to reach the production frontier.There is a large difference not only in technology levels among enterprises,but also in the level of development of different environmental protection businesses.Through the dynamic comparative analysis of 28 listed companies and the index decomposition of total factor productivity,it is found that the level of specialization of listed companies in China's environmental protection industry is rising,and the factor allocation structure is constantly improving,and it is constantly approaching the optimal scale.However,in terms of pure technical efficiency,it shows a downward trend year by year,which indicates that China's environmental protection industry listed companies have low organizational management level and lack of efficiency,and it is difficult to lay a good organizational mechanism for achieving technological progress and scale effect.Therefore,to promote the development of China's environmental protection industry,we must strengthen our technological innovation capabilities,improve our technology,and enhance the hard power of environmental protection industry development.At the same time,we must improve the organization and management of enterprises and enhance the soft power of enterprises.
For China's environmental protection industry,the panel data of 28 environmental protection industry listed companies with environmental protection business as their main business in 2012—2016 were selected as samples.DEA-BCC model in data envelopment analysis and Malmquist total factor productivity index were used to get comprehensive technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency,scale efficiency and total factor productivity of 28 listed companies,and these data were analyzed through static comparison and dynamic comparison.Through static comparative analysis,it is found that the overall comprehensive technical efficiency of China's environmental protection industry is in a downward trend,the pure technology is inefficient,the production technology is backward,the innovation power is insufficient,and it is difficult to reach the production frontier.There is a large difference not only in technology levels among enterprises,but also in the level of development of different environmental protection businesses.Through the dynamic comparative analysis of 28 listed companies and the index decomposition of total factor productivity,it is found that the level of specialization of listed companies in China's environmental protection industry is rising,and the factor allocation structure is constantly improving,and it is constantly approaching the optimal scale.However,in terms of pure technical efficiency,it shows a downward trend year by year,which indicates that China's environmental protection industry listed companies have low organizational management level and lack of efficiency,and it is difficult to lay a good organizational mechanism for achieving technological progress and scale effect.Therefore,to promote the development of China's environmental protection industry,we must strengthen our technological innovation capabilities,improve our technology,and enhance the hard power of environmental protection industry development.At the same time,we must improve the organization and management of enterprises and enhance the soft power of enterprises.
引文
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[18] 谢婷婷,马洁.西部节能环保产业上市公司融资效率及影响因素探究[J].财会月刊,2016(24):79-84.
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[20] 袁明鹏.我国环保产业技术创新问题研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2001(08):58-60.
[2] Hong Fang,WU Jun-jie,Catherine Zeng.Comparative study on efficiency performance of listed coal mining companies in China and the US[J].Energy Policy,2009(37):5140-5148.
[3] 赵志华,董小林.陕西省环保投资绩效 DEA实证分析[J].环境科学导刊,2013,32(01):17-21
[4] 张强,贺立.我国节能环保产业上市公司融资效率研究[J].求索,2013(04):30-32.
[5] LIN Bo-qiang,YANG Li-sha.Efficiency effect of changing investment structure on China?s power industry[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2014(39):403-411.
[6] 张雪梅.基于DEA-Malmquist指数的西部环保产业上市公司效率评价[J].科技管理研究,2014(19):38-42.
[7] Toshiyuki Sueyoshi,Yan Yuan.China's regional sustainability and diversified resource allocation DEA environmental assessment on economic development and air pollution[J].Energy Economics,2015(49):239-256.
[8] 胡云霞.战略性新兴产业金融支持绩效及影响因素的DEA-Probit分析——基于节能环保产业上市公司经验数据[J].安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版),2016,25(04):42-47.
[9] 王腾,严良,易明.中国能源生态效率评价研究[J].宏观经济研究,2017(07):149-157.
[10] 周利梅,李军军.基于SBM-Tobit模型的区域环境效率及影响因素研究——以福建省为例[J].福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018(01):57-64.
[11] 王舒鸿,赵志博.基于三阶段DEA的环保行业上市公司效率评价[J].中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2016,(03):78-84.
[12] Charnes A,Cooper W W,Rhodes E.Measuring efficiency of decision-making units[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1978,2(06):429-444.
[13] 张会新,白嘉.中国省域战略性新兴产业发展绩效评价[J].决策参考,2016(15):67-70.
[14] 徐光华,赵雯蔚,黄亚楠.基于DEA的企业减排投入与产出绩效评价研究[J].审计与经济研究,2014(01):103-110.
[15] 赵守国,孔军,刘思佳.基于DEA模型的陕西上市公司融资效率分析[J].中国软科学,2011(12):245-253.
[16] 马占新,唐焕文.关于DEA有效性在数据变换下的不变性[J].系统工程学报,1999(02):129-134.
[17] 潘永明,喻琦然,朱茂东.我国环保产业融资效率评价及影响因素研究[J].华东经济管理,2016(02):77-83.
[18] 谢婷婷,马洁.西部节能环保产业上市公司融资效率及影响因素探究[J].财会月刊,2016(24):79-84.
[19] 张世秋,王仲成,安树民.中国环保产业发展和理论研究的障碍分析[J].中国软科学,2000(12):4-7.
[20] 袁明鹏.我国环保产业技术创新问题研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2001(08):58-60.