多孔质石墨静压气体推力轴承静态特性
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摘要
为了研究多孔质石墨静压气体推力轴承的静态特性,建立了相对应的理论计算模型.基于该模型分析了多孔质石墨密度、表面限制层、供气压力以及气体质量流量等因素对多孔质石墨静压气体推力轴承静态特性的影响.理论计算结果表明,轴承承载力与石墨密度成负相关、与供气压力成正相关,并在有表面限制层时较大;气体质量流量与石墨密度成负相关、与供气压力成正相关,并在有表面限制层时较大;轴承的刚度与石墨密度、供气压力成正相关,并在有表面限制层时较大.进一步设计实验台,绘制出多孔质石墨静压气体推力轴承的气膜厚度与承载力的静态特性曲线图.对比发现,实验结果与理论结果吻合较好,从而验证了数值计算方法的可靠性.
A theoretical calculation model was established to study the static characteristics of porous graphite aerostatic thrust bearings.Based on the proposed model,the effect of the related factors,such as porous density,surface-restricted layer,external gas pressure and mass flow rate on the static characteristics of porous aerostatic thrust bearings was analyzed.Theoretical calculation results show that the load-carrying capacity of the bearing is negatively correlated with the graphite density and positively correlated with the gas supply pressure,but it is smaller than that of the surface-restricted layer.Gas mass flow rate is negatively correlated with the graphite density and positively correlated with the gas supply pressure,but it is also smaller than that of the surface-restricted layer.Bearing stiffness is positively correlated with the gas supply pressure and graphite density,but it is smaller than that of the surface-restricted layer.According to the results,corresponding function diagrams were plotted.The test rig was then designed to plot the static characteristic curve of porous aerostatic thrust bearings,including the load-carrying capacity and gas film thickness.The numerical method was eventually verified by the experimental results.
A theoretical calculation model was established to study the static characteristics of porous graphite aerostatic thrust bearings.Based on the proposed model,the effect of the related factors,such as porous density,surface-restricted layer,external gas pressure and mass flow rate on the static characteristics of porous aerostatic thrust bearings was analyzed.Theoretical calculation results show that the load-carrying capacity of the bearing is negatively correlated with the graphite density and positively correlated with the gas supply pressure,but it is smaller than that of the surface-restricted layer.Gas mass flow rate is negatively correlated with the graphite density and positively correlated with the gas supply pressure,but it is also smaller than that of the surface-restricted layer.Bearing stiffness is positively correlated with the gas supply pressure and graphite density,but it is smaller than that of the surface-restricted layer.According to the results,corresponding function diagrams were plotted.The test rig was then designed to plot the static characteristic curve of porous aerostatic thrust bearings,including the load-carrying capacity and gas film thickness.The numerical method was eventually verified by the experimental results.
引文
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[23]OTSU Y,MIYATAKE M,YOSHIMOTO S.Dynamic characteristics of aerostatic porous bearings with a surface-restricted layer[J].Journal of Tribology,2011,133(1):186-192.
[24]RAPARELLI T,VIKTOROV V,COLOMBO F,et al.Aerostatic thrust bearings active compensation:Critical review[J].Precision Engineering,2016,44(Supplement C):1-12.
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[26]RAO N S.Analysis of externally pressurized porous gas bearings:Rectangular thrust bearings[J].International Journal of Machine Tool Design&Research,1979,19(19):87-93.
[27]于雪梅.局部多孔质气体静压轴承关键技术的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2007.YU Xuemei.Research on key technologies of partial porous externally pressurized gas bearing[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2007.(In Chinese)
[2]王家序,潘阳,李俊阳,等.纳米坡缕石改进水润滑轴承性能的研究[J].湖南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,43(8):70-77.WANG Jiaxu,PAN Yang,LI Junyang,et al.Study on nano-palygorskite improving upon performance of water-lubricated bearing[J].Journal of Hunan University:Natural Sciences,2016,43(8):70-77.(In Chinese)
[3]张华,郭力,许怡赦,等.隔热涂层对磨床主轴动静压轴承热变形的影响研究[J].湖南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,43(4):67-74.ZHANG Hua,GUO Li,XU Yishe,et al.Thermal deformation research about applying heat insulation coating on hybrid bearing in spindle of grinder[J].Journal of Hunan University:Natural Sciences,2016,43(4):67-74.(In Chinese)
[4]JIA C,PANG H,MA W,et al.Analysis of dynamic characteristics and stability prediction of gas bearings[J].Industrial Lubrication and Tribology,2017,69(2):123-130.
[5]KINOSHITA T,KANG D,YOKOTA K,et al.21010experiment and numerical simulation for porous aerostatic bearing characteristics[J].The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,2015,2015(21):21010-1-21010-2.
[6]CUI H,YUE X,ZHANG L,et al.Static and dynamic characteristics of aerostatic bearing based on numerical simulation[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(9):116-121.
[7]KWAN Y B P,CORBETT J.Porous aerostatic bearing-an updated review[J].Wear,1998,222(2):69-73.
[8]HECHUN Y,HUANHUAN L,HUIYING Z,et al.Research on the static characteristics of circular thrust porous aerostatic bearings[C]//IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation.IEEE,2015:1407-1411.
[9]SINGH K,RAO N.Static characteristics of aerostatic porous rectangular thrust bearings[J].Wear,1982,77(2):229-236.
[10]HOSOKAWA T,SOMAYA K,MIYATAKE M,et al.Static characteristics of aerostatic thrust bearings with multiple porous inlet ports[J].Journal of Tribology,2015,137(2):3698-3703.
[11]SHEINBERG S A,SHUSTER V G.Resistance to vibrations of a hydrostatic thrust bearing[J].Machines and Tooling,1960,31(11):24.
[12]MORI H,YABE H,ONO T.Theory of externally pressurized circular thrust porous gas bearing[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,1965,87(3):613-620.
[13]MORI H,YABE H,SHIBAYAMA T.Theoretical solution as a boundary value problem for externally pressurized porous gasbearings[J].Journal of Basic Engineering,1965,87(3):622.
[14]RAO N S.Effect of slip flow in aerostatic porous rectangular thrust bearings[J].Wear,1980,61(1):77-86.
[15]RAO N S.Analysis of aerostatic porous rectangular thrust bearings with offset loads[J].Wear,1980,59(2):333-344.
[16]HOWARTH R B.Externally pressurized porous thrust bearings[J].Tribology Transactions,1976,19(4):293-300.
[17]KILMISTER G T F.The use of porous materials in externally pressurized gas bearings[J].Powder Metallurgy,1969,12(24):400-409.
[18]CAPONE A,CAPONE E,D′AGOSTINO V,et al.Perme-ability distribution in sintered bearings[J].Tribology International,1978,11(6):333-336.
[19]王云飞.气体润滑理论与气体轴承设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999.WANG Yunfei.Gas lubricated theory and design manual of gas bearings[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,1999.(In Chinese)
[20]王建敏,戴一帆,李圣怡.局部多孔质气浮止推轴承的设计研究[J].中国机械工程,2008,19(1):38-43.WANG Jianmin,DAI Yifan,LI Shengyi.Design of partial orous air thrust bearing[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2008,19(1):38-43.(In Chinese)
[21]于雪梅,卢泽生,饶河清.基于分形理论多孔质石墨渗透率的研究[J].机械工程学报,2006,42(s1):74-77.YU Xuemei,LU Zesheng,RAO Heqing.Research on the permeability of porous graphite based on the fractal theory[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2006,42(s1):74-77.(In Chinese)
[22]杜金名.多孔质气体静压轴承在三轴转台设计中的应用[J].中国工程科学,2005,7(1):65-68.DU Jinming.Application of porous aerostatic bearings in threeaxis table[J].Engineering Sciences,2005,7(1):65-68.(In Chinese)
[23]OTSU Y,MIYATAKE M,YOSHIMOTO S.Dynamic characteristics of aerostatic porous bearings with a surface-restricted layer[J].Journal of Tribology,2011,133(1):186-192.
[24]RAPARELLI T,VIKTOROV V,COLOMBO F,et al.Aerostatic thrust bearings active compensation:Critical review[J].Precision Engineering,2016,44(Supplement C):1-12.
[25]FENG K,LI W,DENG Z,et al.Thermohydrodynamic analysis and thermal management of spherical spiral groove gas bearings[J].Tribology Transactions,2017,60(4):629-644.
[26]RAO N S.Analysis of externally pressurized porous gas bearings:Rectangular thrust bearings[J].International Journal of Machine Tool Design&Research,1979,19(19):87-93.
[27]于雪梅.局部多孔质气体静压轴承关键技术的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2007.YU Xuemei.Research on key technologies of partial porous externally pressurized gas bearing[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2007.(In Chinese)