中间锦鸡儿冠层降雨再分配特征
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摘要
以荒漠草原人工中间锦鸡儿(Caragana intermedia)灌丛为对象,研究降雨量及降雨强度对两类形态灌丛(健康组和退化组)穿透雨、树干茎流和冠层截留的影响。结果表明:①试验期间共观测到有效降雨33次,以中小降雨事件为主,总降雨量为251 mm,次平均降雨量和平均降雨强度分别为7. 6 mm和1. 14 mm·h~(-1),其中降雨量<2 mm,降雨强度<1 mm·h~(-1)的降雨事件出现次数最多。②健康组和退化组中间锦鸡儿平均穿透雨率、树干茎流率和冠层截留率分别为66. 7%、8. 5%、24. 8%和75. 4%、8. 7%、16. 0%,两类形态灌丛之间穿透雨和截留存在显著差异(P <0. 05)。③两类形态灌丛的穿透雨量、树干茎流量、截留量与降雨量成线性函数、对数函数和幂函数关系,且其穿透雨率、树干茎流率和截留率与降雨量、降雨强度之间成对数函数和幂函数关系。灌丛形态退化显著改变了冠层降雨再分配格局,冠层截留显著降低,穿透雨显著增加,潜在提高了降水对土壤水分的直接补充,一定程度上有利于人工中间锦鸡儿稳定性的维持。
In this study,the effects of rainfall and its intensity on the throughfall,stemflow and interception of two kinds of shrubberies (healthy and degenerated groups) of Caragana intermedia planted in a desert steppe were examined. Results showed that: ① 33 effective rainfall events were observed during the experiment,and the total volume,average volume and average intensity of rainfall were 251 mm,7. 6 mm and 1. 14 mm·h~(-1),respectively. In which the frequency of rainfall events with volume 2 mm and intensity 1 mm·h~(-1) was the highest. ② There were the significant differences (P < 0. 05) in the throughfall and interception between the healthy and degenerated groups,and the average percentages of throughfall,stemflow and interception were 66. 7%,8. 5% and 24. 8% in the healthy group and 75. 4%,8. 7% and 16. 0% in the degenerated group,respectively. ③ The throughfall,stemflow and interception of the two kinds of shrubberies had the linear,logarithmic and power functions with rainfall,and the percentages of throughfall,stemflow and interception had the logarithmic and power relationships with rainfall and rainfall intensity. The morphological degeneration of the shrubberies changed significantly the redistribution pattern of rainfall in canopy,thus the canopy interception was significantly reduced,but the throughfall was significantly increased,which were beneficial to potentially improve soil moisture content and maintain the stability of C.intermedia shrubberies.
In this study,the effects of rainfall and its intensity on the throughfall,stemflow and interception of two kinds of shrubberies (healthy and degenerated groups) of Caragana intermedia planted in a desert steppe were examined. Results showed that: ① 33 effective rainfall events were observed during the experiment,and the total volume,average volume and average intensity of rainfall were 251 mm,7. 6 mm and 1. 14 mm·h~(-1),respectively. In which the frequency of rainfall events with volume 2 mm and intensity 1 mm·h~(-1) was the highest. ② There were the significant differences (P < 0. 05) in the throughfall and interception between the healthy and degenerated groups,and the average percentages of throughfall,stemflow and interception were 66. 7%,8. 5% and 24. 8% in the healthy group and 75. 4%,8. 7% and 16. 0% in the degenerated group,respectively. ③ The throughfall,stemflow and interception of the two kinds of shrubberies had the linear,logarithmic and power functions with rainfall,and the percentages of throughfall,stemflow and interception had the logarithmic and power relationships with rainfall and rainfall intensity. The morphological degeneration of the shrubberies changed significantly the redistribution pattern of rainfall in canopy,thus the canopy interception was significantly reduced,but the throughfall was significantly increased,which were beneficial to potentially improve soil moisture content and maintain the stability of C.intermedia shrubberies.
引文
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[3]姚俊强,杨青,毛炜峄,等.西北干旱区大气水分循环要素变化研究进展[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(2):269-276.[Yao Junqiang,Yang Qing,Mao Weiyi,et al.Progress of study on variation of atmospheric water cycle factors over arid region in Northwest China[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(2):269-276.]
[4]时忠杰,王彦辉,徐丽宏,等.六盘山华山松(Pinus armandii)林降雨再分配及其空间变异特征[J].生态学报,2009,29(1):76-85.[Shi Zhongjie,Wang Yanhui,Xu Lihong,et al.Rainfall redistribution and its spatial variation in the stand of Pinus armandii in the Liupan Mountains,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(1):76-85.]
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[7]Cattan P,Ruy S M,Cabidoche Y M.Effect on runoff of rainfall redistribution by the impluvium-shaped canopy of banana cultivated on an andosol with a high infiltration rate[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,368(1-4):251-261.
[8]荐圣淇,赵传燕,方书敏,等.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区柠条和沙棘灌丛的降雨截留特征[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(9):2 383-2 389.[Jian Shengqi,Zhao Chuanyan,Fang Shumin,et al.Characteristics of rainfall interception by Caragana korshinskii and Hippophae rhamnoides in Loess Plateau of Northwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(9):2 383-2 389.]
[9]李振新,欧阳志云,郑华,等.岷江上游两种生态系统降雨分配的比较[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(5):723-731.[Li Zhenxin,Ouyang Zhiyun,Zheng Hua,et al.Comparison of rainfall redistribution in two ecosystems in Minjiang upper catchments,China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2006,30(5):723-731.]
[10]Li X R,Zhang Z S,Tan H J.Ecological restoration and recovery in the wind-blown sand hazard areas of Northern China:Relationship between soil water and carrying capacity for vegetation in the Tengger Desert[J].Science China Life Sciences,2014,57(5):539-548.
[11]D’Onofrio D,Baudena M,D’Andrea F.Tree-grass competition for soil water in arid and semiarid savannas:The role of rainfall intermittency[J].Water Resources Research,2015,51(1):169-181.
[12]Mccarter C P R,Price J S.The hydrology of the Bois-des-Bel bog peatland restoration:10 years post-restoration[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,55(3):73-81.
[13]Siegert C M,Levia D F.Seasonal and meteorological effects on differential stemflow funneling ratios for two deciduous tree species[J].Journal of Hydrology,2014,519(Part A):446-454.
[14]Sun X,Onda Y,Kato H.Effect of strip thinning on rainfall interception in a Japanese cypress plantation[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,525:607-618.
[15]Kaushal R,Kumar A,Alam N M.Effect of different canopy management practices on rainfall partitioning in Morus alba[J].Ecological Engineering,2017,102:374-380.
[16]Iida S,Levia D F,Shimizu A.Intrastorm scale rainfall interception dynamics in a mature coniferous forest stand[J].Journal of Hydrology,2017,548:770-783.
[17]黄德卫,张德强,周国逸,等.鼎湖山针阔叶混交林优势种树干液流特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(5):1 159-1 166.[Huang Dewei,Zhang Deqiang,Zhou Guoyi,et al.Characteristics of dominant tree species stem sap flow and their relationships with environmental factors in a mixed coniferbroadleaf forest in Dinghushan,Guangdong Province of South China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(5):1 159-1 166.]
[18]王艳兵,德永军,熊伟,等.华北落叶松夜间树干液流特征及生长季补水格局[J].生态学报,2013,33(5):1 375-1 385.[Wang Yanbing,De Yongjun,Xiong Wei,et al.The characteristics of nocturnal sap flow and stem water recharge pattern in growing season for a Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(5):1 375-1 385.]
[19]徐丹丹,尹立河,侯光才,等.毛乌素沙地旱柳和小叶杨树干液流密度及其与气象因子的关系[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(2):375-382.[Xu Dandan,Yin Lihe,Hou Guangcai,et al.Relationships between sap flow densities in tree trunks of Salix matsudana and Populus simonii and meteorological factors in the Mu Us Sandland[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(2):375-382.]
[20]Rodriguez-Dominguez C M,Ehrenberger W.Concomitant measurements of stem sap flow and leaf turgor pressure in olive trees using the leaf patch clamp pressure probe[J].Agricultural Water Management,2012,114(6):50-58.
[21]Carlyle-moses D E.Throughfall,stemflow,and canopy interception loss fluxes in a semi-arid Sierra Madre Oriental matorral community[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2004,58(2):181-202.
[22]杨志鹏,李小雁,孙永亮,等.毛乌素沙地沙柳灌丛降雨截留与树干茎流特征[J].水科学进展,2008,19(5):693-698.[Yang Zhipeng,Li Xiaoyan,Sun Yongliang,et al.Characteristics of rainfall interception and stemflow for Salix psammophila in Maowusu sandland,Northwest China[J].Advances in Water Science,2008,19(5):693-698.]
[23]张立恒,王学全,贾志清,等.高寒沙地不同林龄中间锦鸡儿人工林根系分布特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(11):163-168.[Zhang Liheng,Wang Xuequan,Jia Zhiqing,et al.Root distribution characteristics of Caragana intermedia plantations at different ages in alpine sandy land[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2018,32(11):163-168.]
[24]宋乃平,杨明秀,王磊,等.荒漠草原区人工柠条林土壤水分周年动态变化[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(10):2 618-2 624.[Song Naiping,Yang Mingxiu,Wang Lei,et al.Monthly variation in soil moisture under Caragana intermedia stands grown in desert[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(10):2 618-2 624.]
[25]何凌仙子,贾志清,刘涛,等.高寒沙地中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿细根分解动态特征[J].林业科学,2018,54(2):162-169.[Heling Xianzi,Jia Zhiqing,Liu Tao,et al.Dynamic characteristics of fine root decomposition of two Caragana species with in alpine sandy land[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2018,54(2):162-169.]
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