挺水植被弯曲变形对水流阻力的影响研究
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摘要
为研究挺水植被在水流作用下发生的弯曲变形对水流阻力影响,通过明渠水槽实验对不同水流条件下单株挺水植被的弯曲变形状态及其水流阻力进行了观测分析。研究结果表明,挺水植被从完全直立转变为挺水弯曲摇摆状态时,水流阻力随着植被弯曲变形程度加剧而增加;当植被由挺水状态转为淹没状态时,水流阻力显著降低;当植被处于弯曲摇摆的淹没状态时,水流阻力同样会随着植被弯曲变形程度的加剧而增加;但是,当植被的弯曲变形增加到使得植被处于完全倒伏时,水流阻力反而会减少。研究成果有助于平衡河流生态治理与汛期泄洪的关系。
In order to study the influence of emerged vegetation's bending deformation on flow resistance, open channel flume experiment was carried out to observe and analyze a single emerged vegetation's bending deformation and flow resistance under different flow conditions. The results showed that the flow resistance increased with the increase of vegetation's bending deformation when the vegetation changed from completely upright to curved and swaying emerged state. The flow resistance decreased significantly when vegetation changed from emerged state to submerged state. When the vegetation was in the submerged state of bending and swaying, the flow resistance would also increase with the aggravation of the vegetation's bending degree. However, when the bending deformation of vegetation increased to make the vegetation in a completely flattened state, the flow resistance would reduce. The research results are beneficial to balance the relationship between river ecological control and flood discharge in flood season.
In order to study the influence of emerged vegetation's bending deformation on flow resistance, open channel flume experiment was carried out to observe and analyze a single emerged vegetation's bending deformation and flow resistance under different flow conditions. The results showed that the flow resistance increased with the increase of vegetation's bending deformation when the vegetation changed from completely upright to curved and swaying emerged state. The flow resistance decreased significantly when vegetation changed from emerged state to submerged state. When the vegetation was in the submerged state of bending and swaying, the flow resistance would also increase with the aggravation of the vegetation's bending degree. However, when the bending deformation of vegetation increased to make the vegetation in a completely flattened state, the flow resistance would reduce. The research results are beneficial to balance the relationship between river ecological control and flood discharge in flood season.
引文
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[2] 靖德兵,洪剑明,尹炜.人工湿地复合植被系统及在污水处理中的应用[J].人民长江,2008,39(16):22-24.
[3] 吴振斌,邱东茹,贺锋,等.水生植物对富营养水体水质净化作用研究[J].植物科学学报,2001,19(4):299-303.
[4] 周婕,曾诚.水生植物对湖泊生态系统的影响[J].人民长江,2008,39(6):88-91.
[5] 石月珍.植被作用下河渠水流问题的研究进展[J].人民长江.,2009,40(7):79-80.
[6] 武迪,庞翠超,赖锡军,等.沉水植被对河道悬沙输运过程影响试验研究[J].人民长江,2013,44(7):87-90.
[7] 吴龙华,杨校礼.挺水植被状态对水流阻力影响的实验研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,2015(4):418-424.
[8] 罗晶.湿地植物生长对水流—泥沙运动特性影响研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2010.
[9] Abdelrhman M A.Modeling coupling between eelgrass Zostera marina and water flow[J].Marine Ecology Progress,2007,338(1):81-96.
[10] Chen L,Acharya K,Stone M C.Using a mechanical approach to quantify flow resistance by submerged,flexible vegetation – A revisit of Kouwen’s approach[J].Advances in Water Resources,2014,73:198-202.
[11] Kubrak E,Kubrak J,Rowiński P M.Influence of a method of evaluation of the curvature of flexible vegetation elements on vertical distributions of flow velocities[J].Acta Geophysica,2012,60(4):1098-1119.
[12] 王伟杰.明渠植被水流流速分布解析解与阻力特性研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2016.
[13] Wu F C,Shen H W,Chou Y J.Variation of Roughness Coefficients for Unsubmerged and Submerged Vegetation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1999,125(9):934-942.
[14] 王晓燕.植被刚度对水流阻力特性影响的研究[D].南京:河海大学,2007.