计及瞬时通信故障的变压器保护可靠性评估
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摘要
为了准确评估在IEC 61850?9?2通信网络环境下变压器保护的可靠性,提出一种计及瞬时通信故障的继电保护可靠性模型。将表征保护动作性能的时间纳入到可靠性模型中,利用多阶斐波那契数列构建保护在动作期望时间内失效模型,根据故障识别时间与保护动作期望时间的相关性,提出变压器保护拒动和误动模型。考虑到交换机端口故障对保护功能的影响,建立计及保护失效的采样数据网可靠性模型。给出基于单交换机组网方案的变压器保护安全运行时间计算公式。对变压器空投时和运行时的励磁涌流方案和差动保护方案进行可靠性分析和采样值丢包实验测试。实验结果验证了所提可靠性评估算法的有效性。
To accurately assess the reliability of transformer protection based on IEC 61850?9?2 network communication, a reliability model of relay protection considering transient communication faults was presented. The time reflecting the performance of protection operation was incorporated into the reliability model, and a failure model during expected time of protection operation(ETPO) was built by using multi-order Fibonacci sequence. According to the correlation between the time of fault identification and ETPO, the mis-operation and mal-operation models of transformer protection were proposed. Considering the effect of the fault of switch port on protection function, a reliability model of sampled value(SV) network that takes into account the protection failure was constructed. The calculation formula of security operation time of transformer protection system was given, which is suitable for single switch network. The reliability analysis and SV-loss test were carried out on of in-rush current identification scheme and differential protection scheme corresponding to no-load closing and runtime. The experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed reliability evaluation algorithm.
To accurately assess the reliability of transformer protection based on IEC 61850?9?2 network communication, a reliability model of relay protection considering transient communication faults was presented. The time reflecting the performance of protection operation was incorporated into the reliability model, and a failure model during expected time of protection operation(ETPO) was built by using multi-order Fibonacci sequence. According to the correlation between the time of fault identification and ETPO, the mis-operation and mal-operation models of transformer protection were proposed. Considering the effect of the fault of switch port on protection function, a reliability model of sampled value(SV) network that takes into account the protection failure was constructed. The calculation formula of security operation time of transformer protection system was given, which is suitable for single switch network. The reliability analysis and SV-loss test were carried out on of in-rush current identification scheme and differential protection scheme corresponding to no-load closing and runtime. The experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed reliability evaluation algorithm.
引文
[1]王宾,戈政,董新洲,等.智能配电变电站过程总线信息共享通信特性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(18):8-13.Wang Bin,Ge Zheng,Dong Xinzhou,et al.Analysis of communication characteristic with process bus data sharing for smart substation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(18):8-13.
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[4]Brunner C.The impact of IEC 61850 on protection[C]//International Conference on Development in Power System Protection,Glasgow,2008:14-19.
[5]郑风雷,吴杰康,黄强,等.双重化继电保护系统可靠性的五状态空间模型与评估方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(20):26-31.Zheng Fenglei,Wu Jiekang,Huang Qiang,et al.Five-state space model and assessment method for reliability of dual-redundant relay protection systems[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(20):26-31.
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[10]张雪松,王超,程晓东.基于马尔可夫状态空间法的超高压电网继电保护系统可靠性分析[J].电网技术,2008,32(13):94-95Zhang Xuesong,Wang Chao,Cheng Xiaodong.Reliability analysis model for protective relaying system of UHV power network based on Markov state-space method[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(13):94-95.
[11]熊小萍,谭建成,林湘宁.基于动态故障树的变电站通信系统可靠性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(34):135-141.Xiong Xiaoping,Tan Jianchen,Lin Xiangning.Reliability analysis of communication systems in substation based on dynamic fault tree[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(34):135-141.
[12]Kanabar M G,Sidhu T S.Reliability and availability analysis of IEC 61850 based substation communication architectures[C]//IEEE Power&Energy Soc.General Meeting,Calgary,2009:1-8.
[13]张沛超,高翔.全数字化保护系统的可靠性及元件重要度分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(1):77-82.Zhang Peichao,Gao Xiang.Analysis of reliability and component importance for all digital protective systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(1):77-82.
[14]Hangtian L,Chanan S,Alex S.Reliability modeling and analysis of IEC 61850 based substation protection systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(5):2194-2202.
[15]莫峻,谭建成.基于并行冗余协议的高可靠性过程总线通信研究[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(4):263-268.Mo Jun,Tan Jianchen.Highly reliable process bus communication parallel based on redundancy protocol[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(4):263-268.
[16]Jiang K,Singh C.Reliability modeling of all-digital protection systems including impact of repair[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2010,25(2):579-587.
[17]王超,高鹏,徐政,等.GO法在继电保护可靠性评估中的初步应用[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(24):52-56.Wang Chao,Gao Peng,Xu Zheng,et al.Application of GO methodology in reliability assessment of protective relays[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(24):52-56.
[18]Kanabar M,Sidu T S,Zadeh M R D.Laboratory investigation of IEC 61850-9-2-based busbar and distance relaying with corrective measure for sampled value loss/delay[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2011,26(4):2587-2595.
[19]苑津莎,张利伟,李中,等.基于互补免疫算法的变压器故障诊断[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(24):67-75.Yuan Jinsha,Zhang Liwei,Li Zhong,et al.Fault diagnosis of transformers based on complementary immune algorithm[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(24):67-75.
[20]陈继瑞,张营伟,刘洁,等.一种变压器保护采样可靠性及涌流识别方案的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(14):166-170.Chen Jirui,Zhang Yingwei,Liu Jie,et al.A research of transformer protection about sampling reliability and inrush current identification[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(14):166-170.
[21]何旭,姜宪国,张沛超,等.基于SVM的小样本条件下继电保护可靠性参数估计[J].电网技术,2015,39(5):1432-1437.He Xu,Jiang Xianguo,Zhang Peichao,et al.SVMbased parameter estimation of relay protection reliability with small samples[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(5):1432-1437.
[22]王业,袁宇波,高磊,等.基于FSAD及非周期分量的励磁涌流鉴别算法[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(21):127-135.Wang Ye,Yuan Yubo,Gao Lei,et al.An algorithm to identify magnetizing inrush current based on FSAD and aperiodic components[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(21):127-135.
[23]郑涛,陆格野,赵彦杰,等.基于虚拟等效电感的特高压调压变压器励磁涌流判别算法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(7):118-125.Zheng Tao,Lu Geye,Zhao Yanjie,et al.Adiscriminating algorithm for identifying inrush of UHV voltage-regulating transformer based on virtual equivalent inductance[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(7):118-125.
[24]周念成,李春艳,王强钢.基于多变量多尺度熵的变压器励磁涌流识别方法[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(15):3426-3436.Zhou Niancheng,Li Chunyan,Wang Qianggang.An algorithm to identify transformer inrush currents based on multivariate multiscale sample entropy[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(15):3426-3436.
[25]潘超,金明权,蔡国伟,等.基于变压器励磁电流辨识的直流失稳与抑制策略[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(18):4267-4276.Pan Chao,Jin Mingquan,Cai Guowei,et al.DCinstability and suppression strategy of transformer based on exciting-current identification[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(18):4267-4276.
[26]曾湘,林湘宁,翁汉,等.基于相电压和差流时差特征的变压器保护新判据[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(3):79-83.Zeng Xiang,Lin Xiangning,Weng Han,et al.Novel criterion of transformer protection based on time difference characteristic between phase voltage and differential current[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(3):79-83.
[2]Li Y,Peter A C,An W,et al.Design and performance testing of a multivendor IEC 61850-9-2process bus based protection scheme[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(3):1159-1164.
[3]Demeter E,Sidhu T S,Faried S O.An open system approach to power system protection and control integration[J].IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,2006,21(1):30-37.
[4]Brunner C.The impact of IEC 61850 on protection[C]//International Conference on Development in Power System Protection,Glasgow,2008:14-19.
[5]郑风雷,吴杰康,黄强,等.双重化继电保护系统可靠性的五状态空间模型与评估方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(20):26-31.Zheng Fenglei,Wu Jiekang,Huang Qiang,et al.Five-state space model and assessment method for reliability of dual-redundant relay protection systems[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(20):26-31.
[6]Anderson P M,Ghajar R F,Chintaluri G M,et al.An improved reliability model for redundant protective systems Markov models[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1997,12(2):573-578.
[7]孙福寿,汪雄海.一种分析继电保护系统可靠性的算法[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(16):32-35,76.Sun Fushou,Wang Xionghai.A new method for reliability analysis of protection in power systems[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2006,30(16):32-35,76.
[8]熊小伏,陈飞,周家启,等.计及不同保护配置方案的继电保护系统可靠性[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(14):21-24.Xiong Xiaofu,Chen Fei,Zhou Jiaqi,et al.Reliability of protection relay systems with different configurations[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(14):21-24.
[9]汪隆君,王钢,李博.基于半马尔可夫过程的继电保护可靠性建模[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(18):6-10.Wang Longjun,Wang Gang,Li Bo.Reliability modeling of a protection system based on the semiMarkov process[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(18):6-10.
[10]张雪松,王超,程晓东.基于马尔可夫状态空间法的超高压电网继电保护系统可靠性分析[J].电网技术,2008,32(13):94-95Zhang Xuesong,Wang Chao,Cheng Xiaodong.Reliability analysis model for protective relaying system of UHV power network based on Markov state-space method[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(13):94-95.
[11]熊小萍,谭建成,林湘宁.基于动态故障树的变电站通信系统可靠性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(34):135-141.Xiong Xiaoping,Tan Jianchen,Lin Xiangning.Reliability analysis of communication systems in substation based on dynamic fault tree[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(34):135-141.
[12]Kanabar M G,Sidhu T S.Reliability and availability analysis of IEC 61850 based substation communication architectures[C]//IEEE Power&Energy Soc.General Meeting,Calgary,2009:1-8.
[13]张沛超,高翔.全数字化保护系统的可靠性及元件重要度分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(1):77-82.Zhang Peichao,Gao Xiang.Analysis of reliability and component importance for all digital protective systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(1):77-82.
[14]Hangtian L,Chanan S,Alex S.Reliability modeling and analysis of IEC 61850 based substation protection systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(5):2194-2202.
[15]莫峻,谭建成.基于并行冗余协议的高可靠性过程总线通信研究[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(4):263-268.Mo Jun,Tan Jianchen.Highly reliable process bus communication parallel based on redundancy protocol[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(4):263-268.
[16]Jiang K,Singh C.Reliability modeling of all-digital protection systems including impact of repair[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2010,25(2):579-587.
[17]王超,高鹏,徐政,等.GO法在继电保护可靠性评估中的初步应用[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(24):52-56.Wang Chao,Gao Peng,Xu Zheng,et al.Application of GO methodology in reliability assessment of protective relays[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(24):52-56.
[18]Kanabar M,Sidu T S,Zadeh M R D.Laboratory investigation of IEC 61850-9-2-based busbar and distance relaying with corrective measure for sampled value loss/delay[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2011,26(4):2587-2595.
[19]苑津莎,张利伟,李中,等.基于互补免疫算法的变压器故障诊断[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(24):67-75.Yuan Jinsha,Zhang Liwei,Li Zhong,et al.Fault diagnosis of transformers based on complementary immune algorithm[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(24):67-75.
[20]陈继瑞,张营伟,刘洁,等.一种变压器保护采样可靠性及涌流识别方案的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(14):166-170.Chen Jirui,Zhang Yingwei,Liu Jie,et al.A research of transformer protection about sampling reliability and inrush current identification[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(14):166-170.
[21]何旭,姜宪国,张沛超,等.基于SVM的小样本条件下继电保护可靠性参数估计[J].电网技术,2015,39(5):1432-1437.He Xu,Jiang Xianguo,Zhang Peichao,et al.SVMbased parameter estimation of relay protection reliability with small samples[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(5):1432-1437.
[22]王业,袁宇波,高磊,等.基于FSAD及非周期分量的励磁涌流鉴别算法[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(21):127-135.Wang Ye,Yuan Yubo,Gao Lei,et al.An algorithm to identify magnetizing inrush current based on FSAD and aperiodic components[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(21):127-135.
[23]郑涛,陆格野,赵彦杰,等.基于虚拟等效电感的特高压调压变压器励磁涌流判别算法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(7):118-125.Zheng Tao,Lu Geye,Zhao Yanjie,et al.Adiscriminating algorithm for identifying inrush of UHV voltage-regulating transformer based on virtual equivalent inductance[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(7):118-125.
[24]周念成,李春艳,王强钢.基于多变量多尺度熵的变压器励磁涌流识别方法[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(15):3426-3436.Zhou Niancheng,Li Chunyan,Wang Qianggang.An algorithm to identify transformer inrush currents based on multivariate multiscale sample entropy[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(15):3426-3436.
[25]潘超,金明权,蔡国伟,等.基于变压器励磁电流辨识的直流失稳与抑制策略[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(18):4267-4276.Pan Chao,Jin Mingquan,Cai Guowei,et al.DCinstability and suppression strategy of transformer based on exciting-current identification[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(18):4267-4276.
[26]曾湘,林湘宁,翁汉,等.基于相电压和差流时差特征的变压器保护新判据[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(3):79-83.Zeng Xiang,Lin Xiangning,Weng Han,et al.Novel criterion of transformer protection based on time difference characteristic between phase voltage and differential current[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(3):79-83.