生物酶降解压裂液伤害性能
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摘要
针对煤层气储层温度低、凝胶体系破胶不彻底以及返排困难的难题,探讨了生物酶作为压裂液破胶剂对储层伤害程度。实验选用了生物酶破胶压裂液、过硫酸铵破胶压裂液和模拟煤层水对储层煤样进行伤害,处理后煤样分别进行扫描电镜、气体渗透率和原始煤样气体解吸实验。实验结果表明:生物酶能够对侵入裂隙中的压裂液有效破胶,不影响储层的裂隙发育结构,改善孔隙内气体导流能力,提高储层的气体渗透率;生物酶破胶体系能够显著降低对原始煤样中吸附气自然解吸的影响,气体解吸率达到了95. 65%;生物酶降解产生二氧化碳的速率与破胶程度正相关;低温对酶活性影响较小,60℃内温度升高降解速率增大。可见生物酶作为煤层气开发压裂液破胶剂效果明显。
Based on the difficulty that under low temperature gel was unable to break completely and flow back in coalbed methane( CBM) well,the damage degrees of fracturing fluid by bio-enzyme were studied. Reservoir coal samples were treated with bio-enzyme gel breaking fracturing fluid,ammonium persulfate [( NH4)2 S2 O8]gel breaking fracturing fluid and simulated coal seam water,and tested by scanning electron microscope( SEM),gas permeability instrument and original coal sample gas desorption experiment. The results show: Firstly,the bio-enzyme can break gel effectively on coal fracture surface,without effects on developmental structure and degree of reservoir facture,also it can improve the reservoir gas permeability by changing the gas diversion capacity; Secondly,adsorption gas in original coal samples can desorb naturally to 95. 65% by the effects of bio-enzyme; Finally,there is a positive correlation between the carbon dioxide gas liberation rate and gel breaking degree,the gas is useful for flow back,the low temperature has less impact on bio-enzyme activity,degradation rate will increase with temperature rising below 60 ℃. The study results show that bio-enzyme can be used as gel-breaker of fracturing fluid for CBM reservoir effectively.
Based on the difficulty that under low temperature gel was unable to break completely and flow back in coalbed methane( CBM) well,the damage degrees of fracturing fluid by bio-enzyme were studied. Reservoir coal samples were treated with bio-enzyme gel breaking fracturing fluid,ammonium persulfate [( NH4)2 S2 O8]gel breaking fracturing fluid and simulated coal seam water,and tested by scanning electron microscope( SEM),gas permeability instrument and original coal sample gas desorption experiment. The results show: Firstly,the bio-enzyme can break gel effectively on coal fracture surface,without effects on developmental structure and degree of reservoir facture,also it can improve the reservoir gas permeability by changing the gas diversion capacity; Secondly,adsorption gas in original coal samples can desorb naturally to 95. 65% by the effects of bio-enzyme; Finally,there is a positive correlation between the carbon dioxide gas liberation rate and gel breaking degree,the gas is useful for flow back,the low temperature has less impact on bio-enzyme activity,degradation rate will increase with temperature rising below 60 ℃. The study results show that bio-enzyme can be used as gel-breaker of fracturing fluid for CBM reservoir effectively.
引文
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9 卢义玉,杨枫,葛兆龙,等.清洁压裂液与水对煤层渗透率影响对比试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(1):93-97Lu Yiyu,Yang Feng,Ge Zhaolong,et al. Comparative experiment on influence of clear fracturing fluid and water on coal seam permeability[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(1):93-97
10 韩金轩,杨兆中,王会来,等.煤储层压裂液滤失计算模型[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(增刊2):441-446Han Jinxuan,Yang Zhaozhong,Wang Huilai,et al. Leak-off model of fracturing fluid in coal seam[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(S2):441-446
11 万军凤,赖晓晴,时凤霞,等.煤层气吸附解吸三维应力实验装置开发及应用[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(33):14-17Wan Junfeng,Lai Xiaoqing,Shi Fengxia,et al. Development and application of adsorption and desorption of coalbed methane experimental device under three-dimensional stress[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(33):14-17
12 Hol S,Gensterblum Y,Massarotto P. Sorption and changes in bulk modulus of coal-experimental evidence and governing mechanisms for CBM and ECBM applications[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2014,128-129:119-133
13 Alexis D A,Karpyn Z T,Ertekin T,et al. Fracture permeability and relative permeability of coal and their dependence on stress conditions[J]. Journal of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources,2015,10:1-10
14 马东民,张遂安,蔺亚兵.煤的等温吸附-解吸实验及其精确拟合[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(3):476-480Ma Dongmin,Zhang Suian,Lin Yabing. Isothermal adsorption and desorption experiment of coal and experimental results accuracy fitting[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(3):476-480
15 马东民,马薇,蔺亚兵.煤层气解吸滞后特征分析[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(11):1885-1889Ma Dongmin,Ma Wei,Lin Yabing. Desorption hysteresis characteristics of CBM[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(11):1885-1889
16 Settari A,Bachman R C,Bothwell P. Analysis of nitrogen stimulation technique in shallow CBM formations[J]. SPE,2010,7:5608-5619
17 Espinoza D N,Vandamme M,Pereira J M,et al. Measurement and modeling of adsorptive-poromechanical properties of bituminous coal cores exposed to CO2:adsorption,swelling strains,swelling stresses and impact on fracture permeability[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2014,134-135:80-95
18 Andreas B,Gensterblum Y. CBM and CO2-ECBM related sorption processes in coal:a review[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2011,87:49-71
19 宋振云,苏伟东,杨延增,等. CO2干法加砂压裂技术研究与实践[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):55-59Song Zhenyun,Su Weidong,Yang Yanzeng,et al. Experimental studies of CO2/sand dry-frac process[J]. Natural Gas Technology,2014,34(6):55-59
2 邵先杰,朱明,武宁,等.煤层气聚集理论研究进展综述[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(26):156-164Shao Xianjie,Zhu Ming,Wu Ning,et al. Research progress and review on coal-bed methane accumulation theory[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(26):156-164
3 刘剑,梁卫国.页岩油气及煤层气开采技术与环境现状及存在问题[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(30):121-134Liu Jian,Liang Weiguo. Problems and environmental impacts induced by mining technology of shale oil and gas and coalbed methane[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(30):121-134
4 童晓光,郭建宇,王兆明.非常规油气地质理论与技术进展[J].地学前缘,2014,21(1):9-20Tong Xiaoguang,Guo Jianyu,Wang Zhaoming. The progress of geological theory and technology for unconventional oil and gas[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2014,21(1):9-20
5 郭建春,何春明.压裂液破胶过程伤害微观机理[J].石油学报,2012,33(6):1018-1022Guo Jianchun,He Chunming. Microscopic mechanism of the damage caused by gelout process of fracturing fluids[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinaca,2012,33(6):1018-1022
6 蔡记华,刘浩,陈宇,等.煤层气水平井可降解钻井液体系研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,10:1683-1688Cai Jihua,Liu Hao,Chen Yu,et al. Study on degradable drilling fluid system for coalbed methane horizontal drilling[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2011,10:1683-1688
7 郭红玉,夏大平,苏现波,等.二氧化氯作为煤储层压裂液破胶剂的可行性实验研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(5):908-912Guo Hongyu,Xia Daping,Su Xianbo,et al. Experimental study on the feasibility of chlorine dioxide as fracturing fluid gel-breaker for coal reservoirs[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(5):908-912
8 郭红玉,王惠风,苏现波,等.二氧化氯对煤储层孔隙结构的影响[J].天然气工业,2013,33(11):40-44Guo Hongyu,Wang Huifeng,Su Xianbo,et al. Impact of chlorine dioxide on pore structure of coal reservoirs[J]. Natural Gas Technology,2013,33(11):40-44
9 卢义玉,杨枫,葛兆龙,等.清洁压裂液与水对煤层渗透率影响对比试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(1):93-97Lu Yiyu,Yang Feng,Ge Zhaolong,et al. Comparative experiment on influence of clear fracturing fluid and water on coal seam permeability[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(1):93-97
10 韩金轩,杨兆中,王会来,等.煤储层压裂液滤失计算模型[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(增刊2):441-446Han Jinxuan,Yang Zhaozhong,Wang Huilai,et al. Leak-off model of fracturing fluid in coal seam[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(S2):441-446
11 万军凤,赖晓晴,时凤霞,等.煤层气吸附解吸三维应力实验装置开发及应用[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(33):14-17Wan Junfeng,Lai Xiaoqing,Shi Fengxia,et al. Development and application of adsorption and desorption of coalbed methane experimental device under three-dimensional stress[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(33):14-17
12 Hol S,Gensterblum Y,Massarotto P. Sorption and changes in bulk modulus of coal-experimental evidence and governing mechanisms for CBM and ECBM applications[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2014,128-129:119-133
13 Alexis D A,Karpyn Z T,Ertekin T,et al. Fracture permeability and relative permeability of coal and their dependence on stress conditions[J]. Journal of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources,2015,10:1-10
14 马东民,张遂安,蔺亚兵.煤的等温吸附-解吸实验及其精确拟合[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(3):476-480Ma Dongmin,Zhang Suian,Lin Yabing. Isothermal adsorption and desorption experiment of coal and experimental results accuracy fitting[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(3):476-480
15 马东民,马薇,蔺亚兵.煤层气解吸滞后特征分析[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(11):1885-1889Ma Dongmin,Ma Wei,Lin Yabing. Desorption hysteresis characteristics of CBM[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(11):1885-1889
16 Settari A,Bachman R C,Bothwell P. Analysis of nitrogen stimulation technique in shallow CBM formations[J]. SPE,2010,7:5608-5619
17 Espinoza D N,Vandamme M,Pereira J M,et al. Measurement and modeling of adsorptive-poromechanical properties of bituminous coal cores exposed to CO2:adsorption,swelling strains,swelling stresses and impact on fracture permeability[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2014,134-135:80-95
18 Andreas B,Gensterblum Y. CBM and CO2-ECBM related sorption processes in coal:a review[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2011,87:49-71
19 宋振云,苏伟东,杨延增,等. CO2干法加砂压裂技术研究与实践[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):55-59Song Zhenyun,Su Weidong,Yang Yanzeng,et al. Experimental studies of CO2/sand dry-frac process[J]. Natural Gas Technology,2014,34(6):55-59