我国非并网风电开发与发展建议
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摘要
我国风电产业虽然起步晚,但发展快,2012年累计装机容量已达7532×104kW,处于全球领先水平。然而跟随式发展思维导致风电开发应用模式单一,加之我国电源结构中适合调峰的灵活电源比重小,导致难以并网的风电数量逐年增加,限电"弃风"问题日益突出,影响了风电产业的可持续发展。必须打破跟随式发展思维的束缚,通过风电发展模式多元化,有效提高风电消纳能力,实现风电发展的社会效益、环境效益和经济效益"三个统一"。"非并网风电"理论突破传统观念,研究风电在不上网情况下如何高效、低成本开发利用,目前已在非并网风电直接应用于某些高耗能产业方面取得重大进展,进入科技创新的中后期。由于单台兆瓦级风机造价都在数百万元以上,建设大规模"非并网风电"应用产业化示范工程投入巨大,存在一定风险,需要多措并举:以政产学研合作为基础,打造大规模"非并网风电"应用产业化联盟;转变重生产、轻消费的传统思维模式,将财政补贴重心从生产端转向消费端,鼓励高效、低成本、大规模直接消纳风电;加大政策扶持力度,降低应用非并网风电的行业准入门槛。
China′s wind power industry is relatively young,but it has grown fast.In 2012,China′s total installed wind power generating capacity reached 7532 ×104kW,the highest worldwide.However,the idea of "follow-suit" development has resulted in limited modes of development and application for wind power.In ad-dition,as the share of flexible capacities suitable for use for peak-shaving in China ′ s electricity mix is small,the wind power capacities that cannot be connected to the power grid have been growing yearly and an increasing number of wind power generators have been idled,impacting the sustainable development of the wind power industry.For these reasons,China must break the fetter of the idea of "follow-suit" development and achieve,at the same time,the social,environmental and economic benefits of wind power development by diversifying wind power development and effectively enhancing its ability to accommodate wind power capacities.The "Non-grid-connected wind power" theory breaks the traditional concept and looks at how to develop and utilize wind power in an efficient and low-cost manner without integrating wind power capacities into a power grid.Important progress has been made in applying non-grid-connected wind power in some highly energy consuming industries and the technology is now in the middle and late stages of innovation.As a single Mw wind turbine generator usually costs millions of yuan,a large-scale non-grid-connected wind power industrial demonstration project requires very high investment and therefore involves risks.For this reason,multiple measures should be taken to reduce the risks,including building large-scale non-grid-connected wind power industrialization alliances based on the cooperation between the government,the industry and the academic community,changing the traditional idea that emphasizes production and belittles consumption by shifting the financial allowance focus from the production end to the consumption end,encouraging direct,efficient,low-cost and large-scale accommodation of wind power,and strengthening policy support to lower the industry access standard for using non-grid-connected wind power.
China′s wind power industry is relatively young,but it has grown fast.In 2012,China′s total installed wind power generating capacity reached 7532 ×104kW,the highest worldwide.However,the idea of "follow-suit" development has resulted in limited modes of development and application for wind power.In ad-dition,as the share of flexible capacities suitable for use for peak-shaving in China ′ s electricity mix is small,the wind power capacities that cannot be connected to the power grid have been growing yearly and an increasing number of wind power generators have been idled,impacting the sustainable development of the wind power industry.For these reasons,China must break the fetter of the idea of "follow-suit" development and achieve,at the same time,the social,environmental and economic benefits of wind power development by diversifying wind power development and effectively enhancing its ability to accommodate wind power capacities.The "Non-grid-connected wind power" theory breaks the traditional concept and looks at how to develop and utilize wind power in an efficient and low-cost manner without integrating wind power capacities into a power grid.Important progress has been made in applying non-grid-connected wind power in some highly energy consuming industries and the technology is now in the middle and late stages of innovation.As a single Mw wind turbine generator usually costs millions of yuan,a large-scale non-grid-connected wind power industrial demonstration project requires very high investment and therefore involves risks.For this reason,multiple measures should be taken to reduce the risks,including building large-scale non-grid-connected wind power industrialization alliances based on the cooperation between the government,the industry and the academic community,changing the traditional idea that emphasizes production and belittles consumption by shifting the financial allowance focus from the production end to the consumption end,encouraging direct,efficient,low-cost and large-scale accommodation of wind power,and strengthening policy support to lower the industry access standard for using non-grid-connected wind power.
引文
[1]中国资源综合利用协会可再生能源专业委员会,中国可再生能源学会风能专业委员会,全球风能理事会.中国风电发展报告2013[R].北京:中国资源综合利用协会可再生能源专业委员会,2013.
[2]顾为东.中国风电产业发展新战略与风电非并网理论[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[3]MAEGAARD P.Wind Energy Development and Application Prospects of Non-Grid-Connected Wind Power[EB/OL].http://www.folkecenter.net/mediafiles/folkecenter/pdf/NON-Grid-WPconf-Nanjing-25-Sep-09-PM.pdf.
[4]顾为东.大规模非并网风电系统开发与应用[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(19):1-4,9.
[5]洪银兴.科技金融及其培育[J].经济学家,2011(6):22-27.
[2]顾为东.中国风电产业发展新战略与风电非并网理论[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[3]MAEGAARD P.Wind Energy Development and Application Prospects of Non-Grid-Connected Wind Power[EB/OL].http://www.folkecenter.net/mediafiles/folkecenter/pdf/NON-Grid-WPconf-Nanjing-25-Sep-09-PM.pdf.
[4]顾为东.大规模非并网风电系统开发与应用[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(19):1-4,9.
[5]洪银兴.科技金融及其培育[J].经济学家,2011(6):22-27.