2种生防菌对苹果树3种病害病原菌拮抗作用比较
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摘要
以生防放线菌长枝木霉T6和放线菌ZZ-9为试材,采用圆盘滤膜法和对口培养法比较T6、ZZ-9所产生的代谢物对苹果树腐烂病病菌、苹果树轮纹病病菌和苹果树早期落叶病病菌的拮抗作用,结果表明:长枝木霉T6的非挥发性物质对这3种病原菌抑制效果明显,抑制率分别达到97.50%、83.69%、68.35%。放线菌ZZ-9的非挥发性物质对苹果树腐烂病菌和苹果树轮纹病菌的抑制率达到了96.25%和72.42%%,对早期落叶病菌的拮抗作用较弱,抑制率小于50%。长枝木霉T6和放线菌ZZ-9的挥发性物质对这3种病原菌的拮抗作用不明显,抑制率均小于50%。长枝木霉T6和放线菌ZZ-9对苹果树三种病害的拮抗作用主要由二者所产生的非挥发性物质起作用。
With Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 and actinomycete ZZ-9 as test materials,the disc filter method and the counterculture method were used to compare antagonistic effects of the metabolites produced by the two biocontrol bacteria to the pathogens of valsa mali,apple white rot and Alternaria mali to provide a basis for spatial distribution of pesticides when these two biocontrol bacteria are used as biocontrol agents to control apple tree diseases. The results showed that the non-volatile substances of Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 inhibited the three pathogens significantly,and the inhibition rates reached 97.50%,83.69% and68.35%,respectively. The inhibitory rate of non-volatile substances of actinomycete ZZ-9 against valsa mali and apple white rot reached 96.25% and 72.42%%,and the antagonism of Alternaria mali was weak,and the inhibition rate was less than 50%; The antagonism of the volatile substances of Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 and actinomycete ZZ-9 on these three pathogens was not obvious, and the inhibition rate was less than 50%. It is concluded that the antagonistic effects of Trichoderma longiflorum T6 and actinomycete ZZ-9 on three diseases of apple trees mainly play a role in the non-volatile substances produced by the two fungi,which provides important theoretical basis for the development of related preparations in the later stage.
With Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 and actinomycete ZZ-9 as test materials,the disc filter method and the counterculture method were used to compare antagonistic effects of the metabolites produced by the two biocontrol bacteria to the pathogens of valsa mali,apple white rot and Alternaria mali to provide a basis for spatial distribution of pesticides when these two biocontrol bacteria are used as biocontrol agents to control apple tree diseases. The results showed that the non-volatile substances of Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 inhibited the three pathogens significantly,and the inhibition rates reached 97.50%,83.69% and68.35%,respectively. The inhibitory rate of non-volatile substances of actinomycete ZZ-9 against valsa mali and apple white rot reached 96.25% and 72.42%%,and the antagonism of Alternaria mali was weak,and the inhibition rate was less than 50%; The antagonism of the volatile substances of Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 and actinomycete ZZ-9 on these three pathogens was not obvious, and the inhibition rate was less than 50%. It is concluded that the antagonistic effects of Trichoderma longiflorum T6 and actinomycete ZZ-9 on three diseases of apple trees mainly play a role in the non-volatile substances produced by the two fungi,which provides important theoretical basis for the development of related preparations in the later stage.
引文
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[18]范万泽,薛应钰,张树武,等.拮抗放线菌ZZ-9菌株发酵液的抑菌普及稳定性测定[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(3):463-470.
[19]梁巧兰,王芳,魏列新,等.深绿木霉T2菌株对百合疫霉拮抗作用及机制[J].植物保护,2011,37(60):164-167.
[20]钟小燕,梁妙芬,甄锡状,等.木霉菌对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制作用[J].果树学报,2009(26):186-189.
[21]武汉琴,苏经迁,谢明英,等.茶树内生木霉的鉴定及其在在植物体内的定植[J].菌物学报,2009,28(3):342-348.
[22]范万泽,薛应钰,张树武,等.拮抗放线菌ZZ-9菌株发酵液的抑菌普及稳定性测定[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(3):463-470.
[2]黄耀龙.甘肃中部地区苹果产业发展现状及建议[J].甘肃农业科技,2017(12):89-91.
[3]王军林,窦云萍,王春良.套袋对宁夏引黄灌区红富士苹果果实品质和农药残留的影响[J].甘肃农业科技,2017(5):36-39.
[4]张军红,秦敏.延安苹果产业现状及发展对策[J].甘肃农业科技,2016(5):79-83.
[5]国立耘,李保华,李保华,等.中国苹果树腐烂病发生和防治情况调查[J].植物保护,2009,35(2):114-116.
[6]王红旗,朱世宏,谢文强,等.对付苹果树轮纹病有了好方法[N].河北科技报,2009-09-15(3).
[7]路世云,路华.苹果树早期落叶原因与防治[J].落叶果树,2011(3):55-57.
[8]晓利,严惠萍,赵小弟.苹果树早期落叶病防治要得“窍”[J].绿色植保,2016(7):20.
[9]杨李娟.浅析苹果树的病害防治对策和措施[J].现代园艺,2011(19):46;48.
[10]牛鑫斌,徐秉良,刘佳,等.长枝木霉T6水分散粒剂对3种植物病害的生防效果[J]. 2018,53(1):90-94.
[11]李阳,宋素琴,王静,等.苹果树腐烂病的防治研究进展[J].北方园艺,2015(13):194-197.
[12]常媛,杨兴堂,姜传英,等.一株拮抗3种土传病害病原菌的长枝木霉[J].草业科学,2017,34(2):246-254.
[13]甘林,代玉立,杨秀娟,等.木霉菌对番茄病菌的抑制作用[J].福建农业学报,2016,31(11):1221-1225.
[14]张建华.长枝木霉T6发酵条件优化,抑菌活性成分分析及其杀线作用测定[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2016:10-13.
[15]景芳,徐秉良,梁巧兰,等.长枝木霉Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6水分散粒剂的研制[J].农药学学报,2016,18(2):241-248.
[16]薛应钰,范万泽,张树武,等.苹果树腐烂病菌拮抗放线菌的筛选、鉴定及防效[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(10):3379-3386.
[17]张建华,徐秉良,郑宇宇,等.长枝木霉T6发酵液稳定性及粗提物抑菌活性[J]. 2015,54(5):330-333.
[18]范万泽,薛应钰,张树武,等.拮抗放线菌ZZ-9菌株发酵液的抑菌普及稳定性测定[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(3):463-470.
[19]梁巧兰,王芳,魏列新,等.深绿木霉T2菌株对百合疫霉拮抗作用及机制[J].植物保护,2011,37(60):164-167.
[20]钟小燕,梁妙芬,甄锡状,等.木霉菌对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制作用[J].果树学报,2009(26):186-189.
[21]武汉琴,苏经迁,谢明英,等.茶树内生木霉的鉴定及其在在植物体内的定植[J].菌物学报,2009,28(3):342-348.
[22]范万泽,薛应钰,张树武,等.拮抗放线菌ZZ-9菌株发酵液的抑菌普及稳定性测定[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(3):463-470.