基于面结构光投影法的刀具轮廓尺寸非接触测量技术研究
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摘要
针对刀具的几何形状和轮廓尺寸对刀具的使用寿命和产品的加工质量有直接影响,提出采用面结构光投影法对刀具轮廓尺寸进行非接触测量,该方法不仅可以准确获得刀具轮廓的深度信息,同时能直观反映出刀具表面本身有无缺陷。文中开展了面结构光投影法的测量原理、测量系统的数学模型以及刀具点云拼接方法的研究,给出了刀具转台坐标系与摄像机成像坐标系间的转换关系。以通用的麻花钻头为例进行实际测量,实验结果表明:该方法可以很好地获取钻头的几何形状及轮廓尺寸,其测量误差在0.07 mm左右,可行性较高。
For the tool geometry and the outline dimension have a direct impact on the tool service life and the quality of product processing,non-contact measurement of tool outline dimension is put forward by using of the surface structured light projection. The method was proposed and used,which could not only obtain the accurate depth information of the tool profile,but also intuitively reflect the tool surface defects. The study on measurement principle of surface structured light projection,the mathematical model of measurement system and the method of tool point clouds registration was carried out,and the cutter turntable conversion relationship between the camera coordinate system and the image coordinate system was given. The general twist drill was taken as a subject to do the actual measurement. The experimental result shows that this method can get good access to drill geometry and profile dimension,the measurement error is about 0. 07 mm with higher feasibility.
For the tool geometry and the outline dimension have a direct impact on the tool service life and the quality of product processing,non-contact measurement of tool outline dimension is put forward by using of the surface structured light projection. The method was proposed and used,which could not only obtain the accurate depth information of the tool profile,but also intuitively reflect the tool surface defects. The study on measurement principle of surface structured light projection,the mathematical model of measurement system and the method of tool point clouds registration was carried out,and the cutter turntable conversion relationship between the camera coordinate system and the image coordinate system was given. The general twist drill was taken as a subject to do the actual measurement. The experimental result shows that this method can get good access to drill geometry and profile dimension,the measurement error is about 0. 07 mm with higher feasibility.
引文
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[14]赵天宇,吴易明,陈良益,等.结构光法和相位移法的对比研究[J].科学技术与工程,2007,7(17):4429-4432.ZHAO T Y,WU Y M,CHEN L Y,et al.Reasearch on Structured Light and Phase Measurement by Comparison[D].Science Technology and Engineering,2007,7(17):4429-4432.
[15]张艳丽,李晓星,杨兴,等.小型零件测量的旋转拼接[J].航天制造技术,2005,2(1):32-35.ZHANG Y L,LI X X,YANG X,et al.Rotating Splicing for Small Parts Measurement[D].Aerospace Manufacturing Technology,2005,2(1):32-35.
[2]田慧艺,唐兴伦.刀具预调仪概述[J].机械工程师,2012(5):13-14.
[3]杜洋,高志山.使用高精度三坐标测量仪实现透镜定中心[J].光学精密工程,2015,23(3):639-644.DU Y,GAO Z S.Lens Centering Using High-precision Three Coordinate Measuring Machine[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2015,23(3):639-644.
[4]刘安章,刘泊,高西宽.基于CCD测量的万能工具显微镜[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2008,13(5):47-49,53.LIU A Z,LIU P,GAO X K.The Omnipotence Tool Microscope Based on CCD Measurement[J].Journal of Harbin University of Science and Technology,2008,13(5):47-49,53.
[5]刘力双,吕乃光.电子摄像式刀具预调测量仪的调焦方法研究[J].制造技术与机床,2008(7):116-119.LIU L S,LV N G.Focusing Evaluation Method of Tool Presetting and Measuring Machine Based on CCD Imaging[J].Manufacturing Technology and Machine Tools,2008(7):116-119.
[6]朴成道,沈文豪,尹凤哲,等.对刀仪在数控车床上的应用[J].机床与液压,2014,42(8):35-38.PU C D,SHEN W H,YIN F Z,et al.Application of Tool Presetter in CNC Lathe[J].Machine Tool&Hydraulics,2014,42(8):35-38.
[7]张彬,王俊元,周敬.基于图像处理的刀具几何参数测量技术研究[J].工具技术,2010,44(7):101-104.ZHANG B,WANG J Y,ZHOU J.Research on Measurement Technology of Tool Geometry Parameters Based on Image Processing[J].Tool Engineering,2010,44(7):101-104.
[8]王飞,杜文华,关波,等.基于视觉的刀具参数高精度测量[J].计算机工程与设计,2015,36(2):524-528.WANG F,DU W H,GUAN B,et al.High Precision Measurement of Cutting Tool Parameters Based on Vision[J].Computer Engineering and Design,2015,36(2):524-528.
[9]贾同,吴成东,陈东岳,等.一种基于全向结构光的深度测量方法[J].自动化学报,2015,41(9):1553-1562.JIA T,WU C D,CHEN D Y,et al.A Depth Measurement Method by Omni Directional Image and Structured Light[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2015,41(9):1553-1562.
[10]WEI B,GAO J,LI K,et al.Indoor Mobile Robot Obstacle Detection Based on Linear Structured Light Vision System[C]//Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics.IEEE Computer Society,2009:834-839.
[11]冯秀霞.基于结构光视觉的物体尺寸测量技术研究[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2008.
[12]徐慧,张金龙,刘京南,等.零件轮廓表面检测与三维重构技术的研究[J].南京师范大学学报(工程技版),2011,11(2):26-30.XU H,ZHANG J L,LIU J N,et al.Research on the Part Surface Measurement and 3D Reconstruction[J].Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2011,11(2):26-30.
[13]吴庆华.基于线结构光扫描的三维表面缺陷在线检测的理论与应用研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.
[14]赵天宇,吴易明,陈良益,等.结构光法和相位移法的对比研究[J].科学技术与工程,2007,7(17):4429-4432.ZHAO T Y,WU Y M,CHEN L Y,et al.Reasearch on Structured Light and Phase Measurement by Comparison[D].Science Technology and Engineering,2007,7(17):4429-4432.
[15]张艳丽,李晓星,杨兴,等.小型零件测量的旋转拼接[J].航天制造技术,2005,2(1):32-35.ZHANG Y L,LI X X,YANG X,et al.Rotating Splicing for Small Parts Measurement[D].Aerospace Manufacturing Technology,2005,2(1):32-35.