Number of Species and Geographical Distribution of Diospyros L.(Ebenaceae) in China
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摘要
Diospyros L. is the largest, most widely distributed, and economically important genus of the family Ebenaceae. However, various researchers disagree on the number of species and geographical distribution of Diospyros in China. For the purpose of providing a scientific basis for the effective protection and rational use of Diospyros, the present study involved a comprehensive review of the literature, electronic databases, and herbaria as well as field investigations. The results showed as the following.(1) While 174 scientific names have been published for various taxa of Diospyros in China, by screening and excluding synonyms, 65 species names were considered acceptable; these account for about 12%of the total species of Diospyros globally.(2) A review of herbarium specimens documented that Diospyros occurs in 28 administrative regions of China, more than the literature records. Species richness decreases from south to north in China while Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, and Hainan have the greatest number of species.(3) Among the 65 relatively reliable Diospyros species, 45 species are endemic to China and 18 species are stenochoric. Some species may have become extinct as a result of environmental degradation and the status of some germplasm remain unresolved. In brief, Chinese Diospyros includes abundant, China-specific, and widely distributed features. Nevertheless, comprehensive species delimitation and the analysis of phylogenetic relationships will still require further study.
Diospyros L. is the largest, most widely distributed, and economically important genus of the family Ebenaceae. However, various researchers disagree on the number of species and geographical distribution of Diospyros in China. For the purpose of providing a scientific basis for the effective protection and rational use of Diospyros, the present study involved a comprehensive review of the literature, electronic databases, and herbaria as well as field investigations. The results showed as the following.(1) While 174 scientific names have been published for various taxa of Diospyros in China, by screening and excluding synonyms, 65 species names were considered acceptable; these account for about 12%of the total species of Diospyros globally.(2) A review of herbarium specimens documented that Diospyros occurs in 28 administrative regions of China, more than the literature records. Species richness decreases from south to north in China while Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, and Hainan have the greatest number of species.(3) Among the 65 relatively reliable Diospyros species, 45 species are endemic to China and 18 species are stenochoric. Some species may have become extinct as a result of environmental degradation and the status of some germplasm remain unresolved. In brief, Chinese Diospyros includes abundant, China-specific, and widely distributed features. Nevertheless, comprehensive species delimitation and the analysis of phylogenetic relationships will still require further study.
Diospyros L. is the largest, most widely distributed, and economically important genus of the family Ebenaceae. However, various researchers disagree on the number of species and geographical distribution of Diospyros in China. For the purpose of providing a scientific basis for the effective protection and rational use of Diospyros, the present study involved a comprehensive review of the literature, electronic databases, and herbaria as well as field investigations. The results showed as the following.(1) While 174 scientific names have been published for various taxa of Diospyros in China, by screening and excluding synonyms, 65 species names were considered acceptable; these account for about 12%of the total species of Diospyros globally.(2) A review of herbarium specimens documented that Diospyros occurs in 28 administrative regions of China, more than the literature records. Species richness decreases from south to north in China while Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, and Hainan have the greatest number of species.(3) Among the 65 relatively reliable Diospyros species, 45 species are endemic to China and 18 species are stenochoric. Some species may have become extinct as a result of environmental degradation and the status of some germplasm remain unresolved. In brief, Chinese Diospyros includes abundant, China-specific, and widely distributed features. Nevertheless, comprehensive species delimitation and the analysis of phylogenetic relationships will still require further study.
引文
Bakhuizen van den Brink,R.C.,1936.Revisio ebenacearum malayensium.Bull Jard Bot Buitenzorg,série 3,15:1-515.
De Candolle,A.,1844.Ordo CXXV.Ebenaceae,in:De Candolle,A.P.,De Candolled,A.(Eds.),Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis.Treuttel&Würtz,Paris,France,pp.209-243.
Duangjai,S.,Samuel,R.,Munzinger,J.,Forest,F.,Walln?ffer,B.,Barfuss,M.H.J.,Fischer,G.,Chase,M.W.,2009.A multi-locus plastid phylogenetic analysis ofthe pantropical genus Diospyros(Ebenaceae),with an emphasis on the radiation and biogeographic origins of the New Caledonian endemic species.Mol Phylogenet Evol,52:602-620.
Duangjai,S.,Walln?ffer,B.,Samuel,R.,Munzinger,J.,Chase,M.W.,2006.Generic delimitation and relationships in Ebenaceae sensu lato:evidence from six plastid DNA regions.Am J Bot,93:1808-1827.
Hiern,W.P.,1873.A monograph of Ebenaceae.Trans Camb Philos Soc,12:27-300.
Huang,Y.,Luo,Z.,Zhang,Q.,2013.Phylogentic analysis of some androecious genotype and related Diospyros spp.using chloroplast fragments.Acta Hortic,996:103-109.
Huang,Y.,Shi,S.,Liang,Y.,Lin,C.,Liu,Y.,2015.Diospyros leei(Ebenaceae),a new species from limestone areas in Guangxi,China.Ann Bot Fennici,52:335-339.
Lee,S.,1983.Materiae ad floram Ebenacearum sinensium.Guihaia,3:285-290.(in Chinese)
Lee,S.,1998.New material for Ebenaceae from south China.Guihaia,18:1-4.(in Chinese)
Lee,S.,Michael,G.G.,Frank,W.,1996.Ebenaceae,in:Wu,Z.Y.,Raven,P.H.,Hong,D.Y.(Eds.),Flora of China.Science Press,Botanical Garden Press,Beijing,Missouri,St.Louis,pp.215-234.
Li,G.,Chen,Z.,Qiu,B.,2006.A new species of Diospyros L.from Zhejiang,China.J Zhejiang For Coll,23:378-381.(in Chinese)
Li,S.G.,1987.Ebenaceae,in:Li,S.G.(Ed.),Flora of China,Vol.60.1,96th fascicule.Science Press,Beijing,pp.84-154.(in Chinese)
Mallavadhani,U.V,Panda,A.K.,Rao,Y.R.,1998.Pharmacology and chemotaxonomy of Diospyros.Phytochemistry,49:901-951.
Meyers,N.,Mittermeier,R.A.,Mittermeier,C.G.,da Fonseca,G.A.B.,Kent,J.,2000.Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities.Nature,403:853-858.
Miau,R.,1993.New species from Chinese Flora.Acta Sci Nat Univ Sunyatseni,32:56-68.
Peyrat,L.,Eparvier,V.,Eydoux,C.,Guillemot,J.,Stien,D.,Litaudon,M.,2016.Chemical diversity and antiviral potential in the pantropical Diospyros genus.Fitoterapia,112:9-15.
Rauf,A.,Uddin,G.,Patel,S.,Khan,A.,Halim,S.A.,Bawazeer,S.,Ahmad,K.,Muhammad,N.,Mubarak,M.S.,2017.Diospyros,an under--utilized,multi-purpose plant genus:a review.Biomed Pharmacother,91:714-730.
Tang,D.,Hu,Y.,Zhang,Q.,Luo,Z.,2014.Discriminant analysis of“Jinzaoshi”from persimmon(Diospyros kaki Thunb.;Ebenaceae):a comparative study conducted based on morphological as well as ITS and mat K sequence analyses.Sci Hortic,168:168-174.
Tian,X.,Chen,W.,Shui,Y.,Yu,Z.,Zhu,X.,2014.Diospyros brandisiana Kurz(Ebenaceae),a newly recorded species from China.J Trop Subtrop Bot,22:31-33.
Walln?ffer,B.,2001.The biology and systematic of Ebenaceae:a review.Ann Naturhist Mus Wien,103:485-512.
Wang,R.Z.,2008.Diospyros,in:Dong,Y.C.,Liu,X.(Eds.),Chinese Crops and Their Wild Relatives.Agriculture Press,Beijing,pp.359-376.(in Chinese)
Wang,R.Z.,Yang,Y.,Li,G.C.,1997.Chinese persimmon germplasm resources.Acta Hortic,436:43-50.
White,F.,1978.The taxonomy,ecology and chorology of African Ebenaceae I.The Guineo-Congolian species.Bull Jard Bot Nat Belg,48:245-358.
White,F.,1980.Notes on the Ebenaceae VIII.The African sections of Diospyros.Bull Jard Bot Nat Belg,50:445-460.
White,F.,1988.The taxonomy,ecology and chorology of African Ebenaceae II.The non-Guineo-Congolian species of Diospyros(excluding sect.Royena).Bull Jard Bot Nat Belg,58:325-448.
Wu,Z.,Zhu,H.,1995.Validation of a new species of Diospyros(Ebenaceae)from Yunnan,China.Novon,5:296.
Yang,T.,Yu,Z,Xia,L.,Yang,Y.,Wang,R.,2014.Cluster analysis based on morphological traits of dateplum(Diospyros lotus)germplasm resources.J Fruit Sci,31:566-573.(in Chinese)
Yi,Z.,Qiao,J.,Lu,G.,Wu,G.,Xie,G.,Qin,M.,2016.Identification of six species of medicinal Diospyros plants based on leaf macro-and micro-morphology.Chin J Chin Mater Med,41:3942-3949.(in Chinese)
Yonemori,K.,Yamada,M.,Luo,Z.,Kanzaki,S.,Yang,Y.,Wang,R.,2012.New candidate for the ancestor of Japanese persimmon(Diospyros kaki Thunb.)found in Yunnan Province of China.Acta Hortic,948:121-128.
Zhang,P.,Yang,S.,Liu,Y.,Zhang,Q.,Xu,L.,Luo,Z.,2016a.Validation of a male-linked gene locus(OGI)for sex identification in persimmon(Diospyros kaki Thunb.)and its application in F1progeny.Plant Breed,135:721-727.
Zhang,Y.,Hu,C.,Yang,Y.,Zhu,R.,Guo,J.,Wang,R.,2016b.Pollen morphology observation of eight resources in Diospyros.Acta Hort Sin,43:1167-1174.(in Chinese)
Zhang,Y.,Yang,Y.,Guo,J.,Hu,C.,Zhu,R.,2016c.Taxonomic status of Deyangshi based on chromosome number and SRAP markers.Sci Hortic,207:57-64.
Zuo,D.X.,Liu,L.,Wang,X.Q.,1984.The geographical distribution and utilization of Diospyros resources in China.Chin Fruit,3:27-34.(in Chinese)
De Candolle,A.,1844.Ordo CXXV.Ebenaceae,in:De Candolle,A.P.,De Candolled,A.(Eds.),Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis.Treuttel&Würtz,Paris,France,pp.209-243.
Duangjai,S.,Samuel,R.,Munzinger,J.,Forest,F.,Walln?ffer,B.,Barfuss,M.H.J.,Fischer,G.,Chase,M.W.,2009.A multi-locus plastid phylogenetic analysis ofthe pantropical genus Diospyros(Ebenaceae),with an emphasis on the radiation and biogeographic origins of the New Caledonian endemic species.Mol Phylogenet Evol,52:602-620.
Duangjai,S.,Walln?ffer,B.,Samuel,R.,Munzinger,J.,Chase,M.W.,2006.Generic delimitation and relationships in Ebenaceae sensu lato:evidence from six plastid DNA regions.Am J Bot,93:1808-1827.
Hiern,W.P.,1873.A monograph of Ebenaceae.Trans Camb Philos Soc,12:27-300.
Huang,Y.,Luo,Z.,Zhang,Q.,2013.Phylogentic analysis of some androecious genotype and related Diospyros spp.using chloroplast fragments.Acta Hortic,996:103-109.
Huang,Y.,Shi,S.,Liang,Y.,Lin,C.,Liu,Y.,2015.Diospyros leei(Ebenaceae),a new species from limestone areas in Guangxi,China.Ann Bot Fennici,52:335-339.
Lee,S.,1983.Materiae ad floram Ebenacearum sinensium.Guihaia,3:285-290.(in Chinese)
Lee,S.,1998.New material for Ebenaceae from south China.Guihaia,18:1-4.(in Chinese)
Lee,S.,Michael,G.G.,Frank,W.,1996.Ebenaceae,in:Wu,Z.Y.,Raven,P.H.,Hong,D.Y.(Eds.),Flora of China.Science Press,Botanical Garden Press,Beijing,Missouri,St.Louis,pp.215-234.
Li,G.,Chen,Z.,Qiu,B.,2006.A new species of Diospyros L.from Zhejiang,China.J Zhejiang For Coll,23:378-381.(in Chinese)
Li,S.G.,1987.Ebenaceae,in:Li,S.G.(Ed.),Flora of China,Vol.60.1,96th fascicule.Science Press,Beijing,pp.84-154.(in Chinese)
Mallavadhani,U.V,Panda,A.K.,Rao,Y.R.,1998.Pharmacology and chemotaxonomy of Diospyros.Phytochemistry,49:901-951.
Meyers,N.,Mittermeier,R.A.,Mittermeier,C.G.,da Fonseca,G.A.B.,Kent,J.,2000.Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities.Nature,403:853-858.
Miau,R.,1993.New species from Chinese Flora.Acta Sci Nat Univ Sunyatseni,32:56-68.
Peyrat,L.,Eparvier,V.,Eydoux,C.,Guillemot,J.,Stien,D.,Litaudon,M.,2016.Chemical diversity and antiviral potential in the pantropical Diospyros genus.Fitoterapia,112:9-15.
Rauf,A.,Uddin,G.,Patel,S.,Khan,A.,Halim,S.A.,Bawazeer,S.,Ahmad,K.,Muhammad,N.,Mubarak,M.S.,2017.Diospyros,an under--utilized,multi-purpose plant genus:a review.Biomed Pharmacother,91:714-730.
Tang,D.,Hu,Y.,Zhang,Q.,Luo,Z.,2014.Discriminant analysis of“Jinzaoshi”from persimmon(Diospyros kaki Thunb.;Ebenaceae):a comparative study conducted based on morphological as well as ITS and mat K sequence analyses.Sci Hortic,168:168-174.
Tian,X.,Chen,W.,Shui,Y.,Yu,Z.,Zhu,X.,2014.Diospyros brandisiana Kurz(Ebenaceae),a newly recorded species from China.J Trop Subtrop Bot,22:31-33.
Walln?ffer,B.,2001.The biology and systematic of Ebenaceae:a review.Ann Naturhist Mus Wien,103:485-512.
Wang,R.Z.,2008.Diospyros,in:Dong,Y.C.,Liu,X.(Eds.),Chinese Crops and Their Wild Relatives.Agriculture Press,Beijing,pp.359-376.(in Chinese)
Wang,R.Z.,Yang,Y.,Li,G.C.,1997.Chinese persimmon germplasm resources.Acta Hortic,436:43-50.
White,F.,1978.The taxonomy,ecology and chorology of African Ebenaceae I.The Guineo-Congolian species.Bull Jard Bot Nat Belg,48:245-358.
White,F.,1980.Notes on the Ebenaceae VIII.The African sections of Diospyros.Bull Jard Bot Nat Belg,50:445-460.
White,F.,1988.The taxonomy,ecology and chorology of African Ebenaceae II.The non-Guineo-Congolian species of Diospyros(excluding sect.Royena).Bull Jard Bot Nat Belg,58:325-448.
Wu,Z.,Zhu,H.,1995.Validation of a new species of Diospyros(Ebenaceae)from Yunnan,China.Novon,5:296.
Yang,T.,Yu,Z,Xia,L.,Yang,Y.,Wang,R.,2014.Cluster analysis based on morphological traits of dateplum(Diospyros lotus)germplasm resources.J Fruit Sci,31:566-573.(in Chinese)
Yi,Z.,Qiao,J.,Lu,G.,Wu,G.,Xie,G.,Qin,M.,2016.Identification of six species of medicinal Diospyros plants based on leaf macro-and micro-morphology.Chin J Chin Mater Med,41:3942-3949.(in Chinese)
Yonemori,K.,Yamada,M.,Luo,Z.,Kanzaki,S.,Yang,Y.,Wang,R.,2012.New candidate for the ancestor of Japanese persimmon(Diospyros kaki Thunb.)found in Yunnan Province of China.Acta Hortic,948:121-128.
Zhang,P.,Yang,S.,Liu,Y.,Zhang,Q.,Xu,L.,Luo,Z.,2016a.Validation of a male-linked gene locus(OGI)for sex identification in persimmon(Diospyros kaki Thunb.)and its application in F1progeny.Plant Breed,135:721-727.
Zhang,Y.,Hu,C.,Yang,Y.,Zhu,R.,Guo,J.,Wang,R.,2016b.Pollen morphology observation of eight resources in Diospyros.Acta Hort Sin,43:1167-1174.(in Chinese)
Zhang,Y.,Yang,Y.,Guo,J.,Hu,C.,Zhu,R.,2016c.Taxonomic status of Deyangshi based on chromosome number and SRAP markers.Sci Hortic,207:57-64.
Zuo,D.X.,Liu,L.,Wang,X.Q.,1984.The geographical distribution and utilization of Diospyros resources in China.Chin Fruit,3:27-34.(in Chinese)