基于社区营造视角的非物质文化遗产保护与传承研究
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摘要
中国已初步建立了涵盖国家级、省级、市级和县级的非物质文化遗产体系,但非物质文化遗产体系的建立只是非物质文化遗产保护工作的起点,如何实现非物质文化遗产复兴与传承仍是一个严峻挑战。非物质文化遗产是根植于其特定原生社区的文化遗存,所以非物质文化遗产的保护与传承必须回到原生社区中。但在目前的非物质文化遗产保护实践中,社区地位并未得到应有的重视,这也是造成非物质文化遗产保护困难的内在根源。日本和中国台湾地区的社区营造运动在重建与复兴社区的同时,也成功推动了社区中传统文化遗产的复兴与传承,其经验值得国内非物质文化遗产保护工作借鉴。故基于社区营造视角,回归原生社区,强调社区主导地位,从单纯保护非物质文化遗产扩展到社区整体的内涵式发展,重建社区对非物质文化遗产的文化认同,正确认识并利用外部力量协助,构建循序渐进、持续评估的体制是未来中国非物质文化遗产保护与传承工作值得探索的路径。
China has initially established the Intangible Cultural Heritage(ICH) system covering national, provincial, municipal and county level. However, it is just the starting point for ICH protection, and how to realize the revival and inheritance of ICH is still a severe challenge. ICH is the cultural relics rooted in its specific native community, thus its protection and inheritance must return to the native community. However, in the current ICH protection practice, the importance of community has not received due attention, which is the internal cause of ICH protection dilemma. The community building movements in Japan and Taiwan, China, had not only reconstructed and revived the communities, but also promoted the revival and inheritance of traditional culture heritage in the community areas successfully, and their experience is worth learning for domestic ICH works. So the perspective of community building, emphasis of community's leading role, return to native community, rebuilding community cultural identity of ICH, and transformation from simply protection to overall connotative development, are the paths worth for exploring in China's future ICH protection and inheritance.
China has initially established the Intangible Cultural Heritage(ICH) system covering national, provincial, municipal and county level. However, it is just the starting point for ICH protection, and how to realize the revival and inheritance of ICH is still a severe challenge. ICH is the cultural relics rooted in its specific native community, thus its protection and inheritance must return to the native community. However, in the current ICH protection practice, the importance of community has not received due attention, which is the internal cause of ICH protection dilemma. The community building movements in Japan and Taiwan, China, had not only reconstructed and revived the communities, but also promoted the revival and inheritance of traditional culture heritage in the community areas successfully, and their experience is worth learning for domestic ICH works. So the perspective of community building, emphasis of community's leading role, return to native community, rebuilding community cultural identity of ICH, and transformation from simply protection to overall connotative development, are the paths worth for exploring in China's future ICH protection and inheritance.
引文
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[3]魏成.社区营造与古迹保护:20世纪90年代以来台湾地区古迹保护的经验与启示[J].规划师,2010(S2):224-228.
[4]陈统奎.再看桃米:台湾社区营造的草根实践[J].南风窗,2011(17):58-61.
[5]黄璐.社区营造视角下的梅州客家古村落保护与更新策略研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2012.
[6]顾晓伟.从我国台湾地区“社区总体营造”运动看我国旧城更新[J].现代城市研究,2007,22(4):48-54.
[7]邓奕.灾后区域复兴的一种途径:“社区营造”--访规划师小林郁雄[J].国际城市规划,2008,23(4):53-56.
[8]林敏霞.“家园遗产”:情境、主体、实践--基于台湾原住民及“社区营造”经验的探讨[J].徐州工程学院学报:社会科学版,2013,28(5):85-90.
[9]陈振华,闫琳.台湾村落社区的营造与永续发展及其启示[J].中国名城,2014(3):17-23.
[10]单彦名,赵天宇,张高攀.基于人文关怀视角下的文化传承模式研究:台湾地区社区营造对当今历史村镇保护的启示[J].中国园林,2016,32(6):11-14.
[11]覃德清,杨丽萍.“后申遗时代”的非物质文化遗产保护与乡村人文重建[J].江南大学学报:人文社会科学版,2012,11(1):115-118.
[12]李晓明.论“社区”与非物质文化遗产整体性保护[J].贺州学院学报,2016,32(1):21-24.
[13]刘朝晖.村落社会与非物质文化遗产保护:兼论遗产主体与遗产保护主体的悖论[J].文化艺术研究,2009,2(4):35-42.
[14]徐赣丽.非物质文化遗产社区保护的经验:以融水苗族坡会群为例[J].河南社会科学,2011,19(2):42-46.
[15]周超.社区参与:非物质文化遗产国际法保护的基本理念[J].河南社会科学,2011,19(2):39-43.
[16]方旭红,张清清.论非物质文化遗产在旅游发展中的“生活化”利用[J].华侨大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2014(1):38-44.
[17]曾旭正.台湾的社区营造[M].新北:远足文化事业股份有限公司,2007:160-169.