石墨烯改性抗静电塑料的制备及性能
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摘要
采用溶剂预分散法处理石墨烯,以乙烯–辛烯共聚物(POE)、高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)、聚丙烯(PP)和丙烯腈–丁二烯–苯乙烯塑料(ABS)为基体,结合双螺杆共混挤出法制备石墨烯改性抗静电塑料,研究了石墨烯含量变化对这4种改性塑料电性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着石墨烯含量的增加,4种石墨烯改性塑料的表面电阻率和体积电阻率均呈下降趋势,其中石墨烯改性POE的电性能最好,石墨烯改性PP的电性能最差;石墨烯对POE的力学性能影响不大;石墨烯对PE-HD,PP和ABS拉伸及弯曲强度的不利影响总体上较小,但对这3种塑料的韧性有较大的不利影响,当石墨烯质量分数由0.05%增加至5%时,石墨烯改性PE-HD,PP和ABS的缺口冲击强度分别下降了15.8%,30.5%和57.8%。当石墨烯质量分数为1%时,石墨烯改性POE的体积电阻率达到1.6×10~9Ωm,表面电阻率达到2.6×10~8Ω,具有较好的抗静电能力。
Graphene were treated by solvent pre-dispersion method. Ethylene octyl copolymer(POE),high density polyethylene(PE-HD),polypropylene(PP) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic(ABS) was used as the matrix respectively,graphene modified antistatic plastics were prepared by blending with twin-screw extruder. The effects of graphene content on the electrical and mechanical properties of the four modified plastics were discussed. The results show that,with the increase of graphene content in the plastics,the surface resistivity and volume resistivity of the four graphene modified plastics show a downward trend,the electrical properties of graphene modified POE are the best,while the electrical properties of graphene modified PP are the worst. Graphene has little effects on the mechanical properties of POE and slight influences on the tensile and bending strength of PE-HD,PP and ABS in general,but it has great adverse effects on the toughness of the 3 kinds of plastics. When the mass fraction of graphene in the plastics increases from 0.05% to 5%,the notched impact strength of graphene modified PE-HD,PP and ABS decreases by 15.8%,30.5% and 57.8% respectively. When the mass fraction of graphene reaches 1%,the volume resistivity of graphene modified POE reaches 1.6×10~9 Ω · m,and the surface resistivity is 2.6×10~8 Ω,which has good antistatic ability.
Graphene were treated by solvent pre-dispersion method. Ethylene octyl copolymer(POE),high density polyethylene(PE-HD),polypropylene(PP) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic(ABS) was used as the matrix respectively,graphene modified antistatic plastics were prepared by blending with twin-screw extruder. The effects of graphene content on the electrical and mechanical properties of the four modified plastics were discussed. The results show that,with the increase of graphene content in the plastics,the surface resistivity and volume resistivity of the four graphene modified plastics show a downward trend,the electrical properties of graphene modified POE are the best,while the electrical properties of graphene modified PP are the worst. Graphene has little effects on the mechanical properties of POE and slight influences on the tensile and bending strength of PE-HD,PP and ABS in general,but it has great adverse effects on the toughness of the 3 kinds of plastics. When the mass fraction of graphene in the plastics increases from 0.05% to 5%,the notched impact strength of graphene modified PE-HD,PP and ABS decreases by 15.8%,30.5% and 57.8% respectively. When the mass fraction of graphene reaches 1%,the volume resistivity of graphene modified POE reaches 1.6×10~9 Ω · m,and the surface resistivity is 2.6×10~8 Ω,which has good antistatic ability.
引文
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[3]Novoselov K S,Geim A K,Morozov S V,et al.Electric field in atomically thin carbon films[J].Science,2004,306(5 696):666–669.
[4]王博,张邦文,邢瑞光,等.功能化石墨烯/聚酰亚胺复合材料的力学和介电性能[J].内蒙古科技大学学报,2017,36(2):120–125.Wang Bo,Zhang Bangwen,Xing Ruiguang,et al.Preparation and mechanical properties of functionalized grapheme/polyimide nanocomposites[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia University of science and technology,2017,36(2):120–125.
[5]宋波.多层石墨烯对PA6改性的性能研究[J].现代塑料加工应用,2017,29(4):42–44.Song Bo.Study on properties of PA6 modified by multilayer grapheme[J].Modern Plastics Processing and Applications,2017,29(4):42–44.
[6]李爱元,孙向东,张慧波,等.尼龙/石墨烯复合材料研究进展[J].工程塑料应用,2017,45(4):140–145.Li Aiyuan,Sun Xiangdong,Zhang Huibo,et al.Research advances on nylon/grapheme composites[J].Engineering Plastics Application,2017,45(4):140–145.
[7]付东升,张康助,张强.导电高分子材料研究进展[J].现代塑料加工应用,2004,16(1):55–59.Fu Dongsheng,Zhang Kangzhu,Zhang Qiang.Recent advances in study of conductive polymer materials[J].Modern Plastics Processing and Applications,2004,16(1):55–59.
[8]谢兰,熊玉竹,罗筑,等.聚合物基石墨烯导电复合材料研究进展[J].塑料工业,2017,45(2):7–9.Xie Lan,Xiong Yuzhu,Luo Zhu,et al.Progress of conductive grapheme/Polymer composites[J].China Plastics Industry,2017,45(2):7–9.
[9]董慧民,钱黄海,程丽君,等.石墨烯/橡胶导电纳米复合材料的研究进展[J].材料工程,2017,45(3):17–27.Dong Huimin,Qian Huanghai,Cheng Lijun,et al.Research progress in grapheme/rubber conducting nanocomposites[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2017,45(3):17–27.
[10]胡圣飞,张帆,张荣,等.石墨烯表面改性及其在聚合物导电复合材料中的应用研究[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2017,33(8):184–189.Hu Shengfei,Zhang Fan,Zhang Rong,et al.Graphene surface modification and its application in conductive polymer composites[J].Polymer Materials Science and Engineering,2017,45(3):17–27.
[11]洪晓东,陆玉刚,梁兵.氧化石墨烯的改性及其聚合物复合材料的研究进展[J].化工新型材料,2017,45(3):1–3.Hong Xiaodong,Lu Yuguang,Liang Bing.Progress in functionalized grapheme and polymer/grapheme composites[J].New Chemical Materals,2017,45(3):1–3.
[12]杨铨铨,梁基照.高分子基导电复合材料非线性导电行为及其机理(I)——导电通道理论[J].上海塑料,2009(4):1–8.Yang Quanquan,Liang Jizhao.Nonlinear conductive behavior and mechanisms of conductive polymer composites(I):Conductive Passage Theory[J].Shanghai Plastics,2009(4):1–8.
[13]曾戎,曾汉民.导电高分子复合材料导电通路的形成[J].材料工程,1997(10):3–13.Zeng Rong,Zeng Hanmin.Formation of the conductive path in conductive polymer composites[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,1997(10):3–13.
[14]李洪彦,宋礼猛,李如意,等.具有高热阻相界面的石墨烯/PMMA复合材料的制备与性能研究[J].化工新型材料,2017,45(4):50–52.Li Hongyan,Song Limeng,Li Ruyi,et al.Preparation and characterization of grapheme/PMMA composite with high insulated phase interface[J].New chemical materals,2017,45(4):50–52.
[15]Danescu R I,Zumbrunnen D A.Computational simulation of controllable structure formation among particle additives in a continuous-flow chaotic mixer[J].Powder Technology,2002,125:251–259.