微喷灌管网几种水力计算方法比较与分析
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摘要
目前微灌规范中介绍的多口系数法只适用于规则管网的水力计算,为了进一步完善微喷灌管网水力计算方法的适用范围,文章采用管系特性系数法和逐次逼近法进行计算,并与多口系数法进行了比较。算例分析表明,2种方法均适用于不同布置形式的微喷灌管网水力计算,可以通过直接计算流量偏差率来验证设计的合理性。规则布置时,文中采用的2种方法和多口系数法的流量偏差率分别为11.13%和11.73%;非规则布置时,2种方法计算的流量偏差率为13.44%;所用方法有一定适用性,对微喷灌非规则管网的水力计算具有较好的参考意义。
Currently,the multi-coefficient hydraulic calculation method recommended by the microirrigation specifications is only applied to equally spaced pipe network.In order to improve the application scope of the microirrigation pipe network hydraulic calculation,piping characteristic coefficient and successive approximation methods were presented to calculate microirrigation pipe network,and compared with the multi-coefficient method.The result of a numerical example showed that these two methods of hydraulic calculation were applicable to pipe network with different arrangement,the emitter discharge deviation could be directly calculated to verify the rationality of the design.When the pipe network was regularly arranged,the discharge deviation calculated through the two methods and the multi-coefficient method was 11.13% and 11.73%,respectively,the discharge deviation calculated through the two methods was 13.44% when irregularly arranged.The two methods have certain applicability,and provide a good reference for the hydraulic calculation of irregularly arranged microirrigation pipe network.
Currently,the multi-coefficient hydraulic calculation method recommended by the microirrigation specifications is only applied to equally spaced pipe network.In order to improve the application scope of the microirrigation pipe network hydraulic calculation,piping characteristic coefficient and successive approximation methods were presented to calculate microirrigation pipe network,and compared with the multi-coefficient method.The result of a numerical example showed that these two methods of hydraulic calculation were applicable to pipe network with different arrangement,the emitter discharge deviation could be directly calculated to verify the rationality of the design.When the pipe network was regularly arranged,the discharge deviation calculated through the two methods and the multi-coefficient method was 11.13% and 11.73%,respectively,the discharge deviation calculated through the two methods was 13.44% when irregularly arranged.The two methods have certain applicability,and provide a good reference for the hydraulic calculation of irregularly arranged microirrigation pipe network.
引文
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[16]郑超,吴普特,朱德兰,等.多孔出流管水流阻力及压强水头分布规律研究[J].节水灌溉,2014(3):24-29.
[17]李刚,王晓愚,白丹.地下滴灌中毛管水力计算的数学模型与试验[J].排灌机械工程学报,2011,29(1):87-92.
[2]WU I P,GITLIN H M.Energy gradient line for drip irrigation laterals[J].Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division,1975,101(4):323-326.
[3]HATHOOT H M,AI-AMOUD A I,MOHAMMAD F S.Analysis and design of trickle-irrigation laterals[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1993,119(5):756-767.
[4]KANG Y,NISHIYAMA S.An improved method for designing micro-irrigation submain units[J].Irrigation Science,1997(4):183-193.
[5]赵凤娇,王福军.管道式喷灌系统水力解析的改进前进(EFSM)算法[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(7):73-76.
[6]张志新,王建东,李鑫,等.虚拟节点有限元法解析滴灌支管水力学计算[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(3):99-102.
[7]中国灌溉排水发展中心,中国农业大学.微灌工程技术规范:GB/T 50485—2009[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2009:17-20.
[8]核工业第二研究设计院.给水排水设计手册:第2册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001:140-143.
[9]《运筹学》教学编写组.运筹学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:222-223.
[10]姚彬.微灌工程技术[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2012:55-99.
[11]张国祥,申亮.微灌灌水小区水力设计的经验系数法[J].节水灌溉,2005(6):20-23.
[12]常换换,李援农.孔口式滴灌管沿程压力水头分布及允许最大铺设长度研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(1):41-44.
[13]李雪飞,玄津.自动喷水灭火系统管系特性系数法的探讨[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(5):46-49.
[14]徐得潜.自动喷水灭火系统喷水强度及均匀性研究[J].化工给排水设计,1996(1):29-33.
[15]水利部农村水利司,中国灌溉排水发展中心.节水灌溉工程实用手册[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005:469.
[16]郑超,吴普特,朱德兰,等.多孔出流管水流阻力及压强水头分布规律研究[J].节水灌溉,2014(3):24-29.
[17]李刚,王晓愚,白丹.地下滴灌中毛管水力计算的数学模型与试验[J].排灌机械工程学报,2011,29(1):87-92.