流化床制备包衣尿素微球的工艺研究
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摘要
尿素作为常用肥料之一,由于其高水溶性和过量使用易导致土壤板结和地下水污染等环境问题。利用流化床包衣技术制备缓释包膜尿素可以有效缓解上述问题。实验以明胶溶液为壁材,微粉硅胶为抗粘剂,甘油为塑化剂,戊二醛为交联剂,使用流化床包衣法制备包膜尿素。通过单因素实验考察了壁材浓度、抗粘剂用量、塑化剂用量和交联剂浓度对包膜效果的影响,并对所得产品进行了红外光谱分析和缓释性分析。最优工艺条件为:壁材质量浓度为0.05 g/m L、抗粘剂用量为10 g、塑化剂用量(质量分数)为50%、交联剂质量浓度为0.05 g/m L。
As a commonly used fertilizer,urea has lead to soil compaction and groundwater pollution due to its high watersolubility and overuse.The preparation of sustained-release coated urea by fluidized bed coating technology can effectively alleviate the above problems.the coated urea was prepared by a fluid-bed coating process,using gelatin solution as film-forming material,micro-silica gel as anti-adhesive agent,glycerin as plasticizer,and glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent respectively.The effects of wall concentration,anti-sticking agent dosage,plasticizer dosage and crosslinking agent concentration on the coating quality were investigated by single factor experiment,and the infrared spectroscopy and sustained release analysis were carried out for the obtained products.The optimum process conditions were:wall mass concentration of 0.05 g/m L,anti-adhesive agent dosage of 10 g,plasticizer dosage(mass fraction) of 50%,and cross-linking agent mass concentration of 0.05 g/m L.
As a commonly used fertilizer,urea has lead to soil compaction and groundwater pollution due to its high watersolubility and overuse.The preparation of sustained-release coated urea by fluidized bed coating technology can effectively alleviate the above problems.the coated urea was prepared by a fluid-bed coating process,using gelatin solution as film-forming material,micro-silica gel as anti-adhesive agent,glycerin as plasticizer,and glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent respectively.The effects of wall concentration,anti-sticking agent dosage,plasticizer dosage and crosslinking agent concentration on the coating quality were investigated by single factor experiment,and the infrared spectroscopy and sustained release analysis were carried out for the obtained products.The optimum process conditions were:wall mass concentration of 0.05 g/m L,anti-adhesive agent dosage of 10 g,plasticizer dosage(mass fraction) of 50%,and cross-linking agent mass concentration of 0.05 g/m L.
引文
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[2]Ni B L,Liu M Z,LüS Y.Multifunctional slow-release urea fertilizer from ethylcellulose and superabsorbent coated formulations[J].Chem.Engin.J.,2009,155(3):892-898.
[3]He X S,Liao Z W,Huang P Z,et al.Characteristics and performance of novel water-absorbent slow release nitrogen fertilizers[J].Agric.Sci.China,2007,6(3):338-346.
[4]Dai J J,Fan X L,Yu J G,et al.Study on the rapid method to predict longevity of controlled release fertilizer coated by water soluble resin[J].Agric.Sci.China,2008,7(9):1127-1132.
[5]乌兰.缓释化肥的研究现状与进展[J].西北民族大学学报:自然科学版,2004,25(3):64-67.
[6]Li Y L,Cheng F Q.Synthesis of a novel slow-release potassium fertilizer from modified Pidgeon magnesium slag by potassium carbonate[J].Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,2016,66(8):758-767.
[7]Wen P,Wu Z,He Y,et al.Characterization of p(AA-co-AM)/bent/urea and its swelling and slow release behavior in a simulative soil environment[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2016,133(12):1-11.
[8]An Di,Liu Boyang,Yang Ling,et al.Fabrication of graphene oxide/polymer latex composite film coated on KNO3fertilizer to extend its release duration[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,311:318-325.
[9]Babadi F E,Yunus R,Rashid S A,et al.New coating formulation for the slow release of urea using a mixture of gypsum and dolomitic limestone[J].Particuology,2015,23(6):62-67.
[10]刘勇,王碧.可生物降解的明胶肥料包膜材料的制备与结构表征[J].皮革科学与工程,2010,20(5):24-27.
[11]Junejo N,Khanif M Y,Dharejo K A,et al.A field evaluation of coated urea with biodegradable materials and selected urease inhibitors[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2011,10(85):19729-19736.
[12]李超,李强,李梦琴,等.制膜条件对可食性小麦面筋蛋白膜机械性能的影响[J].广州食品工业科技,2004,20(4):8-11.
[13]Bigi A,Cojazzi G,Panzavolta S,et al.不同浓度戊二醛交联对明胶膜力学性能和热稳定性的影响[J].袁鸿昌,译.西部皮革,2012,34(12):43-46.