十一星瓢虫对棉蚜及蚜茧蜂寄生蚜的嗅觉行为反应与选择性研究
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摘要
【目的】研究十一星瓢虫对棉蚜及蚜茧蜂寄生蚜(以下简称被寄生蚜)之间的取食选择关系,为合理利用捕食性天敌和寄生性天敌协同治理新疆植棉区棉蚜提供依据。【方法】于室内条件下,利用嗅觉仪测定十一星瓢虫成虫对健康棉蚜(以下简称健蚜)和被寄生蚜的嗅觉行为选择;分别以不同寄生日龄时长的寄生蚜和相同数量未被寄生的健蚜,于同一培养皿中供给十一星瓢虫选择取食,分别统计十一星瓢虫成虫对健蚜和寄生蚜的取食比例。【结果】与健蚜相比,十一星瓢虫成虫对1日龄和2日龄寄生蚜趋向行为反应差异不明显,对3日龄以上寄生蚜有明显负趋向反应,雌、雄成虫间嗅觉反应相似。十一星瓢虫成虫取食1日龄和2日龄寄生蚜比率高于健蚜,但无明显差异;但对健蚜与3日龄、4日龄和5日龄寄生蚜的取食选择性差异显著,更喜欢取食未被寄生的健蚜。【结论】十一星瓢虫成虫对健蚜与高日龄寄生蚜间存在明显的嗅觉行为反应差异,取食选择率与嗅觉反应结果一致,更偏向取食未被寄生的健蚜和初期寄生蚜。
【Objective】 Olfactory behavior response and feeding preference of Coccinella undecimpunctata on unparasitic Aphis gossypii(reffered as healthy aphids in the following part) and parasitized A. gossypii by aphidiidae(reffered as parasitic aphids in the following part) were studied in the hope of providing scientific basis of controlling the population growth of cotton aphids through reasonable combination of predators and parasitic natural enemies, and reference for biological control pests in Xinjiang cotton field.【Method】In the laboratory, the olfactory behavior response of ladybirds on parasitic aphids and healthy aphids was determined by olfactometer, and the feeding rates of adult ladybirds to different parasitic ages aphids and the same amount of healthy aphids in the same petri dish were calculated respectively. 【Result】Adult ladybirds showed an evident positive response to the odor of 3 days and older between healthy aphids and parasitic aphids than 1-day-old and 2-day-old aphids, and also female and adult male adults showed similar behavioral responses to odor of the same state aphids. The feed rate of adult ladybirds feeding on parasitic and healthy young aphids of 1-day-old and 2-day-old were identical; But the feed rates of ladybirds on 3-day-old, 4-day-old and 5-day-old parasitic aphids were significantly lower than those on healthy aphids.【Conclusion】There was a significant difference in olfactory behavior between adult adults of ladybird ladybug and adult aphid. The feeding selection rate was consistent with the olfactory response, and the feeding rate was more favorable to feeding the unparasitized aphid and the early parasitic aphid.
【Objective】 Olfactory behavior response and feeding preference of Coccinella undecimpunctata on unparasitic Aphis gossypii(reffered as healthy aphids in the following part) and parasitized A. gossypii by aphidiidae(reffered as parasitic aphids in the following part) were studied in the hope of providing scientific basis of controlling the population growth of cotton aphids through reasonable combination of predators and parasitic natural enemies, and reference for biological control pests in Xinjiang cotton field.【Method】In the laboratory, the olfactory behavior response of ladybirds on parasitic aphids and healthy aphids was determined by olfactometer, and the feeding rates of adult ladybirds to different parasitic ages aphids and the same amount of healthy aphids in the same petri dish were calculated respectively. 【Result】Adult ladybirds showed an evident positive response to the odor of 3 days and older between healthy aphids and parasitic aphids than 1-day-old and 2-day-old aphids, and also female and adult male adults showed similar behavioral responses to odor of the same state aphids. The feed rate of adult ladybirds feeding on parasitic and healthy young aphids of 1-day-old and 2-day-old were identical; But the feed rates of ladybirds on 3-day-old, 4-day-old and 5-day-old parasitic aphids were significantly lower than those on healthy aphids.【Conclusion】There was a significant difference in olfactory behavior between adult adults of ladybird ladybug and adult aphid. The feeding selection rate was consistent with the olfactory response, and the feeding rate was more favorable to feeding the unparasitized aphid and the early parasitic aphid.
引文
[1] 潘洪生,姜玉英,王佩玲,等.新疆棉花害虫发生演替与综合防治研究进展[J].植物保护,2018,44(5):42-50.PAN Hong-sheng,JIANG Yu-ying,WANG Pei-ling,et al.(2018).Research progress in the status evolution and integrated control of cotton pests in Xinjiang [J].Plant Protection,44(5):42-50.(in Chinese)
[2] 姚永生.新疆南部棉区棉蚜与棉长管蚜种间关系的格局变化及影响因素分析[D].北京:中国农业大学博士论文,2017.YAO Yong-sheng.(2017).Interspecific pattern change of Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii and its' influencing factors in Southern Xinjiang cotton growing region [D].PhD Dissertation.China Agricultural University,Beijing.(in Chinese)
[3] 陈婧,罗树凯,刘蓉,等.2006-2013年新疆阿拉尔抗虫棉田主要害虫的种群监测[J].中国棉花,2014,41(7):21-22.CHEN Jing,LUO Shu-kai,LIU Rong,et al.(2014).Monitoring of cotton pests in Arat reclamation area,southern Xinjiang [J].China Cotton,41(7):21-22.(in Chinese)
[4] 赵鹏程,李焱,闫文静,等.新疆棉蚜不同地理种群对杀虫剂的敏感性[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2018,36(2):159-163.ZHAO Peng-cheng,LI Yan,YAN Wen-jing,et al.(2018).Sensitivity of different geographical populations of Aphis gossypii (Glover) in Xinjiang to different insecticides [J].Journal of Shihezi University (Natural Science Ed.),36(2):159-163.(in Chinese)
[5] Cui,L.,Qi,H.,Yang,D.,Yuan,H.,& Rui,C..(2016).Cycloxaprid:a novel cis-nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticide to control imidacloprid-resistant cotton aphid (aphis gossypii).Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,132:96-101.
[6] 崔丽,张靖,齐浩亮,等.我国棉花主产区棉蚜对吡虫啉的抗性监测及抗性机理[J].昆虫学报,2016,59(11):1 246-1 253.CUI Li,ZHANG Jing,QI Hao-liang,et al.(2016).Monitoring and mechanisms of imidacloprid resistance in Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera:Aphidiidae) in the main cotton production areas of China [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,59(11):1,246-1,253.(in Chinese)
[7] 柳建伟,张东海,陈晋忠,等.棉蚜对12种杀虫剂的敏感性测定[J].农药,2012,51(8):613-615.LIU Jian-wei,ZHANG Dong-hai,CHEN Jin-zhong,et al.(2012).Determination of sensitivity of Aphis gossypii to 12 insecticides [J] Agrochemicals,51(8):613-615.(in Chinese)
[8] 王林霞,田长彦,吕昭智.南疆棉田十一星瓢虫对棉蚜的生态控制[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,(4):222-226.WANG Lin-xia,TIAN Chang-yan,Lü Zhao-zhi.(2006).Ecological control of cotton aphid by Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus in cotton field of southern Xinjiang [J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,(4):222-226.(in Chinese)
[9] 蓝江林,贺福德.棉蚜茧蜂[Lysiphlebia japonica (Ashmead)]对棉蚜不同虫态寄生选择的研究[J].植物保护,2004,(6):37-39.LAN Jiang-lin,HE Fu-de.(2004).A study on parasitization perferences of Lysiphlebia japonica (Ashmead) to different instars of Aphis gossypii [J].Plant Protection,(6):37-39.(in Chinese)
[10] 杨帆,陆宴辉,徐建祥.棉蚜密度对瓢虫集团内捕食作用的影响[J].中国生物防治学报,2016,32(3):299-304.YANG Fan,LU Yan-hui,XU Jian-xiang.(2016).Effects of cotton aphid density on the intraguild predation among three ladybeetles (Coleoptera:Coccinelildae) [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,32(3):299-304.(in Chinese)
[11] Bilu,E.,& Coll,M.(2007).The importance of intraguild interactions to the combined effect of a parasitoid and a predator on aphid population suppression.BioControl (Dordrecht),52(6):753-763.
[12] Bilu,E.,& Coll,M.(2009).Parasitized aphids are inferior prey for a coccinellid predator:implications for intraguild predation.Environmental Entomology,38(1):153-158.
[13] Costamagna,A.C.,Landis,D.A.,& Difonzo,C.D.(2007).Suppression of soybean aphid by generalist predators results in a trophic cascade in soybeans.Ecological Applications,17(2):441-451.
[14] 原国辉,尹新明,王高平,等.菜田潜叶蝇及其天敌生态位的研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2000,(1):59-62.YUAN Guo-hui,YIN Xin-ming,WANG Gao-ping,et al.(2000).Studies on the leafminer and the ecological situation of its natural enemy in the vegetable field [J].Journal of Henan Agricultural University,(1):59-62.(in Chinese)
[15] Xue Y,Bahlai CA,Frewin A,et al.(2012).Intraguild predation of the aphid parasitoid Aphelinus certus by Coccinella septempunctata and Harmonia axyridis [J].Bio Control,57(5):627-634.
[16] Meisner,M.,Harmon,J.P.,Harvey,C.T.,& Ives,A.R.(2011).Intraguild predation on the parasitoid aphidius ervi by the generalist predator harmonia axyridis:the threat and its avoidance.Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata,138(3):193-201.
[17] Fu,W.,Yu,X.,Ahmed,N.,Zhang,S.,& Liu,T.(2016).Intraguild predation on the aphid parasitoid aphelinus asychis by the ladybird harmonia axyridis.Biocontrol:61-70.
[18] 徐继伟,肖志新,李丽,等.七星瓢虫和异色瓢虫对烟蚜及被寄生蚜的取食选择与气味反应[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(8):1 548-1 554.XU Ji-wei,XIAO Zhi-xin,LI Li,et al.(2018).Feeding selectivity and odor response of Coccinella septempunctata and Harmonia axyridis to Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and parasitized M.persicae [J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,49(8):1,548-1,554.(in Chinese)
[19] 高雪珂,胡道武,张帅,等.棉蚜茧蜂对棉蚜防控作用的初步研究[J].中国棉花,2016,43(5):8-10.GAO Xue-ke,HU Dao-wu,ZHANG Shuai,et al.(2016).Preliminary study of the prevention and control of Lysiphlebia japonica Ashmead on Aphis gossypii Glover [J].China Cotton,43(5):8-10.(in Chinese)
[20] 韩宝瑜,陈宗懋,张钟宁.不同生境异色瓢虫对茶梢互利素和蚜虫利它素EAG和行为反应[J].生态学报,2001,21(12):2 131-2 135.HAN Bao-yu,CHEN Zong-mao,ZHANG Zhong-ning.(2001).Electroantennogram and behavioural responses of two varieties of Leis axyridis from three types of habitats to aphid-damaged tea shoot volatiles and aphid kairomones [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,21(12):2,131-2,135.(in Chinese)
[21] 韩宝瑜,陈宗懋.异色瓢虫4变种成虫对茶和茶蚜气味行为反应[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(6):413-416.HAN Bao-yu,CHEN Zong-mao.(2000).Behavior response of four Leis axyridis varieties to volatiles from tea and Toxoptera aurantia[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,11(6):413-416.(in Chinese)
[22] Holland,J.M.,Oaten,H.,Southway,S.,& Moreby,S..(2008).The effectiveness of field margin enhancement for cereal aphid control by different natural enemy guilds.Biological Control,47(1):71-76.
[2] 姚永生.新疆南部棉区棉蚜与棉长管蚜种间关系的格局变化及影响因素分析[D].北京:中国农业大学博士论文,2017.YAO Yong-sheng.(2017).Interspecific pattern change of Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii and its' influencing factors in Southern Xinjiang cotton growing region [D].PhD Dissertation.China Agricultural University,Beijing.(in Chinese)
[3] 陈婧,罗树凯,刘蓉,等.2006-2013年新疆阿拉尔抗虫棉田主要害虫的种群监测[J].中国棉花,2014,41(7):21-22.CHEN Jing,LUO Shu-kai,LIU Rong,et al.(2014).Monitoring of cotton pests in Arat reclamation area,southern Xinjiang [J].China Cotton,41(7):21-22.(in Chinese)
[4] 赵鹏程,李焱,闫文静,等.新疆棉蚜不同地理种群对杀虫剂的敏感性[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2018,36(2):159-163.ZHAO Peng-cheng,LI Yan,YAN Wen-jing,et al.(2018).Sensitivity of different geographical populations of Aphis gossypii (Glover) in Xinjiang to different insecticides [J].Journal of Shihezi University (Natural Science Ed.),36(2):159-163.(in Chinese)
[5] Cui,L.,Qi,H.,Yang,D.,Yuan,H.,& Rui,C..(2016).Cycloxaprid:a novel cis-nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticide to control imidacloprid-resistant cotton aphid (aphis gossypii).Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,132:96-101.
[6] 崔丽,张靖,齐浩亮,等.我国棉花主产区棉蚜对吡虫啉的抗性监测及抗性机理[J].昆虫学报,2016,59(11):1 246-1 253.CUI Li,ZHANG Jing,QI Hao-liang,et al.(2016).Monitoring and mechanisms of imidacloprid resistance in Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera:Aphidiidae) in the main cotton production areas of China [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,59(11):1,246-1,253.(in Chinese)
[7] 柳建伟,张东海,陈晋忠,等.棉蚜对12种杀虫剂的敏感性测定[J].农药,2012,51(8):613-615.LIU Jian-wei,ZHANG Dong-hai,CHEN Jin-zhong,et al.(2012).Determination of sensitivity of Aphis gossypii to 12 insecticides [J] Agrochemicals,51(8):613-615.(in Chinese)
[8] 王林霞,田长彦,吕昭智.南疆棉田十一星瓢虫对棉蚜的生态控制[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,(4):222-226.WANG Lin-xia,TIAN Chang-yan,Lü Zhao-zhi.(2006).Ecological control of cotton aphid by Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus in cotton field of southern Xinjiang [J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,(4):222-226.(in Chinese)
[9] 蓝江林,贺福德.棉蚜茧蜂[Lysiphlebia japonica (Ashmead)]对棉蚜不同虫态寄生选择的研究[J].植物保护,2004,(6):37-39.LAN Jiang-lin,HE Fu-de.(2004).A study on parasitization perferences of Lysiphlebia japonica (Ashmead) to different instars of Aphis gossypii [J].Plant Protection,(6):37-39.(in Chinese)
[10] 杨帆,陆宴辉,徐建祥.棉蚜密度对瓢虫集团内捕食作用的影响[J].中国生物防治学报,2016,32(3):299-304.YANG Fan,LU Yan-hui,XU Jian-xiang.(2016).Effects of cotton aphid density on the intraguild predation among three ladybeetles (Coleoptera:Coccinelildae) [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,32(3):299-304.(in Chinese)
[11] Bilu,E.,& Coll,M.(2007).The importance of intraguild interactions to the combined effect of a parasitoid and a predator on aphid population suppression.BioControl (Dordrecht),52(6):753-763.
[12] Bilu,E.,& Coll,M.(2009).Parasitized aphids are inferior prey for a coccinellid predator:implications for intraguild predation.Environmental Entomology,38(1):153-158.
[13] Costamagna,A.C.,Landis,D.A.,& Difonzo,C.D.(2007).Suppression of soybean aphid by generalist predators results in a trophic cascade in soybeans.Ecological Applications,17(2):441-451.
[14] 原国辉,尹新明,王高平,等.菜田潜叶蝇及其天敌生态位的研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2000,(1):59-62.YUAN Guo-hui,YIN Xin-ming,WANG Gao-ping,et al.(2000).Studies on the leafminer and the ecological situation of its natural enemy in the vegetable field [J].Journal of Henan Agricultural University,(1):59-62.(in Chinese)
[15] Xue Y,Bahlai CA,Frewin A,et al.(2012).Intraguild predation of the aphid parasitoid Aphelinus certus by Coccinella septempunctata and Harmonia axyridis [J].Bio Control,57(5):627-634.
[16] Meisner,M.,Harmon,J.P.,Harvey,C.T.,& Ives,A.R.(2011).Intraguild predation on the parasitoid aphidius ervi by the generalist predator harmonia axyridis:the threat and its avoidance.Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata,138(3):193-201.
[17] Fu,W.,Yu,X.,Ahmed,N.,Zhang,S.,& Liu,T.(2016).Intraguild predation on the aphid parasitoid aphelinus asychis by the ladybird harmonia axyridis.Biocontrol:61-70.
[18] 徐继伟,肖志新,李丽,等.七星瓢虫和异色瓢虫对烟蚜及被寄生蚜的取食选择与气味反应[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(8):1 548-1 554.XU Ji-wei,XIAO Zhi-xin,LI Li,et al.(2018).Feeding selectivity and odor response of Coccinella septempunctata and Harmonia axyridis to Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and parasitized M.persicae [J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,49(8):1,548-1,554.(in Chinese)
[19] 高雪珂,胡道武,张帅,等.棉蚜茧蜂对棉蚜防控作用的初步研究[J].中国棉花,2016,43(5):8-10.GAO Xue-ke,HU Dao-wu,ZHANG Shuai,et al.(2016).Preliminary study of the prevention and control of Lysiphlebia japonica Ashmead on Aphis gossypii Glover [J].China Cotton,43(5):8-10.(in Chinese)
[20] 韩宝瑜,陈宗懋,张钟宁.不同生境异色瓢虫对茶梢互利素和蚜虫利它素EAG和行为反应[J].生态学报,2001,21(12):2 131-2 135.HAN Bao-yu,CHEN Zong-mao,ZHANG Zhong-ning.(2001).Electroantennogram and behavioural responses of two varieties of Leis axyridis from three types of habitats to aphid-damaged tea shoot volatiles and aphid kairomones [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,21(12):2,131-2,135.(in Chinese)
[21] 韩宝瑜,陈宗懋.异色瓢虫4变种成虫对茶和茶蚜气味行为反应[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(6):413-416.HAN Bao-yu,CHEN Zong-mao.(2000).Behavior response of four Leis axyridis varieties to volatiles from tea and Toxoptera aurantia[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,11(6):413-416.(in Chinese)
[22] Holland,J.M.,Oaten,H.,Southway,S.,& Moreby,S..(2008).The effectiveness of field margin enhancement for cereal aphid control by different natural enemy guilds.Biological Control,47(1):71-76.