类陷落柱介质渗流突变机制试验研究
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摘要
岩溶陷落柱是内部结构杂乱无章的特殊地质构造,易成为隐伏于煤层底板下的垂向导水通道,是华北地区石炭二叠系煤田的重大安全隐患。在采动影响下,底板隐伏陷落柱的突水通道通常由底板破坏带和陷落柱共同组成,为了研究其渗流突变机制,利用自行研制的破碎岩体渗透性试验系统,对不同底板破坏带条件下,隐伏陷落柱的渗流特性进行了试验研究。研究结果表明:渗流突变发生的根本原因是大颗粒流失导致破碎岩体孔隙结构改变;发生渗流突变时,流速随渗流边界孔隙直径的增大而增大,同时试样的初始孔隙度均大于0.21;未发生渗流突变时,渗流边界对渗流无显著影响,并且试样的渗透率随孔隙度的增大而增大,渗透率比和孔隙度比存在幂函数关系;非Darcy流β因子为负是渗流突变发生的充分必要条件,非Darcy流β因子的大小决定渗流突变的剧烈程度。
Karst collapse column, as a special geological body with chaotic internal structure, is easy to be a vertical water channel under the coal floor. Thus it is a major potential safety hazard in Carboniferous coalfield of North China Permo. The water channels in collapse column under the coal floor are composed of collapse column and floor water-conductive fissure zone. To investigate the mutation mechanism of seepage in the hidden collapse column, a broken rock permeability test system is independently developed. A series of experiments is conducted to examine the seepage in the collapse column under different floor damage conditions. Experimental results show that: the fundamental reason of the seepage mutation is caused by the changes of broken rock pore structures resulting from the large particle loss. The flow velocity increases with the increase of the pore diameter at the seepage boundary, and the initial porosity of the sample is higher than 0.21 when the seepage mutation occurs. The seepage boundaries have negligible effect on seepage without the occurrence of seepage mutation. The permeability of the sample increases with the increase of its porosity, and there is a power function relation between permeability ratio and porosity ratio. The negative non-Darcy factor β is a sufficient and necessary conditions for the occurrence of seepage mutation, and the non-Darcy factor β controls the degree of the seepage mutation intensity.
Karst collapse column, as a special geological body with chaotic internal structure, is easy to be a vertical water channel under the coal floor. Thus it is a major potential safety hazard in Carboniferous coalfield of North China Permo. The water channels in collapse column under the coal floor are composed of collapse column and floor water-conductive fissure zone. To investigate the mutation mechanism of seepage in the hidden collapse column, a broken rock permeability test system is independently developed. A series of experiments is conducted to examine the seepage in the collapse column under different floor damage conditions. Experimental results show that: the fundamental reason of the seepage mutation is caused by the changes of broken rock pore structures resulting from the large particle loss. The flow velocity increases with the increase of the pore diameter at the seepage boundary, and the initial porosity of the sample is higher than 0.21 when the seepage mutation occurs. The seepage boundaries have negligible effect on seepage without the occurrence of seepage mutation. The permeability of the sample increases with the increase of its porosity, and there is a power function relation between permeability ratio and porosity ratio. The negative non-Darcy factor β is a sufficient and necessary conditions for the occurrence of seepage mutation, and the non-Darcy factor β controls the degree of the seepage mutation intensity.
引文
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[19]王环玲,徐卫亚,左婧,等.低渗透岩石渗透率与孔隙率演化规律的气渗试验研究[J].水利学报,2015,46(2):208-216.WANG Huan-ling,XU Wei-ya,ZUO Jing,et al.Evolution law of the permeability and porosity for low-permeability rock based on gas permeability test[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,46(2):208-216.
[20]刘忠玉,乐金朝,苗天德.无黏性土中管涌的毛管模型及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(22):3871-3876.LIU Zhong-yu,LE Jin-zhao,MIAO Tian-de.Capillary-tube model for piping in cohesive soil and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(22):3871-3876.
[21]韩国锋,王恩志,刘晓丽.岩石峰后非达西流问题的探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(11):1792-1796.HAN Guo-feng,WANG En-zhi,LIU Xiao-li.Discussion on non-Darcy flow in post-peak rock[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(11):1792-1796.
[2]尹尚先,武强,王尚旭.北方岩溶陷落柱的充水特征及水文地质模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(3):77-82.YIN Shang-xian,WU Qiang,WANG Shang-xu.Water-bearing characteristics and hydrogeological models of karstic collapse columns in North China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(3):77-82.
[3]TANG Jun-hua,BAI Hai-bo,YAO Bang-hua,et al.Theoretical analysis on water-inrush mechanism of concealed collapse pillars in floor[J].Mining Science and Technology,2011,21(1):57-60.
[4]ERGUN S.Fluid flow through packed columns[J].Chemical Engineering Progress,1952,48:89-94.
[5]陈舟,钱家忠,姜常让,等.多孔介质地下水非达西渗流研究进展[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,31(10):1539-1543.CHEN Zhou,QIAN Jia-zhong,JIANG Chang-rang,et al.Review of non-Darcy seepage of groundwater in porous media[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology(Science and Technology),2008,31(10):1539-1543.
[6]LOUIS C.Rock hydraulics in rock mechanics[M].New Work:Wien,1974.
[7]GANGI A F.Variation of whole and fractured porous rock permeability with confining pressure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1978,15(5):249-257.
[8]陈益峰,胡冉,周嵩,等.高堆石坝水力耦合模型及工程应用[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(9):1340-1347.CHEN Yi-feng,HU Rang,ZHOU Song,et al.Coupled hydromechanical model for high concrete-faced rockfill dams and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(9):1340-1347.
[9]贺拿,陈宁生,朱云华,等.石流源区砾石土分形特征及其与渗透系数关系试验研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(9):2543-2548.HE Na,CHEN Ning-sheng,ZHU Yun-hua,et al.Experiment study of fractal feature and relationship between fractal dimension and permeability coefficient of gravelly soil in debris flow source area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(9):2543-2548.
[10]李立新,邹金锋.破碎岩体隧道注浆参数确定方法[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(8):3432-3440.LI Li-xin,ZOU Jin-feng.Design method of grouting parameters for broken rock tunnel[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,44(8):3432-3440.
[11]黄先伍,唐平,缪协兴.破碎砂岩渗透特性与孔隙率关系的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(9):1385-1388.HUANG Xian-wu,TANG Ping,MIAO Xie-xing.Testing study on seepage properties of broken sandstone[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(9):1385-1388.
[12]李顺才,缪协兴,陈占清,等.承压破碎岩石非Darcy渗流的渗透特性试验研究[J].工程力学,2008,25(4):85-92.LI Shun-cai,MIAO Xie-xing,CHEN Zhan-qing,et al.Experimental study on seepage properties of non-Darcy flow in confined broken rocks[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(4):85-92.
[13]王路珍,陈占清,孔海陵,等.渗透压力和初始孔隙度对破碎泥岩变质量渗流影响的试验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(3):462-468.WANG Lu-zhen,CHEN Zhan-qing,KONG Hai-ling,et al.An experimental study of the influence of seepage pressure and initial porosity on variable mass seepage for broken mudstone[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(3):462-468.
[14]陈占清,王路珍,孔海陵,等.一种计算变质量破碎岩体渗透性参量的方法[J].应用力学学报,2014,31(6):927-932.CHEN Zhan-qing,WANG Lu-zhen,KONG Hai-ling,et al.A method for calculating permeability parameters of variable mass of broken rock[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2014,31(6):927-932.
[15]姚邦华,茅献彪,魏建平,等.考虑颗粒迁移的陷落柱流固耦合动力学模型研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(1):30-35.YAO Bang-hua,MAO Xian-biao,WEI Jian-ping,et al.Study on coupled fluid-solid model for collapse columns considering the effect of particle transport[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(1):30-35.
[16]杨天鸿,陈仕阔,朱万成.矿井岩体破坏突水机制及非线性渗流模型初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(7):1411-1416.YANG Tian-hong,CHEN Shi-kuo,ZHU Wan-cheng.Water inrush mechanism in mines and nonlinear flow model for fractured rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(7):1411-1416.
[17]尹尚先,武强.煤层底板陷落柱突水模拟及机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2551-2556.YIN Shang-xian,WU Qiang.Simulation and mechanism analysis of water inrush from karstic collapse columns in coal floor[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2551-2556.
[18]刘卫群,缪协兴,陈占清.破碎岩石渗透性的试验测定方法[J].实验力学,2003,18(1):56-61.LIU Wei-qun,MIAO Xie-xing,CHEN Zhan-qing.Permeability-determination method of broken rock[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2003,18(1):56-61.
[19]王环玲,徐卫亚,左婧,等.低渗透岩石渗透率与孔隙率演化规律的气渗试验研究[J].水利学报,2015,46(2):208-216.WANG Huan-ling,XU Wei-ya,ZUO Jing,et al.Evolution law of the permeability and porosity for low-permeability rock based on gas permeability test[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,46(2):208-216.
[20]刘忠玉,乐金朝,苗天德.无黏性土中管涌的毛管模型及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(22):3871-3876.LIU Zhong-yu,LE Jin-zhao,MIAO Tian-de.Capillary-tube model for piping in cohesive soil and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(22):3871-3876.
[21]韩国锋,王恩志,刘晓丽.岩石峰后非达西流问题的探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(11):1792-1796.HAN Guo-feng,WANG En-zhi,LIU Xiao-li.Discussion on non-Darcy flow in post-peak rock[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(11):1792-1796.