水蓄能床与相变蓄能床的性能对比及模拟优化
|
摘要
针对传统供暖方式污染环境、不节能、不安全等弊端,设计了一种新型蓄能床,蓄能介质为高比热的水和拥有潜热的相变材料.通过供水温度35℃、40℃和45℃3组实验测量的床面温度和散热量,来比较水蓄能床和相变蓄能床的热工性能.结果表明:40℃为最佳供水温度,该温度下水储能和相变储能的床面平均温度分别为35.3℃和32.9℃,均在人体可适应温度29~37℃范围内,但结合人体舒适温度为30~35℃的特点相变储能明显优于水储能.随供水温度的提高,床面升温速度加快,相变床升温变化更显著.白天水蓄能的床面温度比相变蓄能高2℃左右,但睡眠阶段相变蓄能热稳定更好.床面散热量两者相差不多,但夜间相变床存在恒温放热阶段.此外,通过模拟相变材料的加热融化过程,分析了管径、供热温度、管间距和相变材料导热系数对融化速率的影响,结果表明:以上4种因素对融化速率均有不同程度影响,减小管间距和增大导热系数可有效增大融化速率.
A new type of energy storage bed is designed for solving the pollution of the environment, leak of energy conservation and safety and other defects in traditional heating. Water with high specific heat and phase change material (PCM) with latent heat are used to be storage medium. The thermal performance of the PCM bed and the water bed are compared by measuring the bed temperature and heat dissipation by the three groups of water supply temperature of 35 ℃, 40 ℃ and 45 ℃. The results show that 40 ℃ is the best water supply temperature. At this temperature, the bed average temperature of the water storage and phase change energy storage are about 35.3 ℃ and 32.9 ℃, which are in human body adapting temperature range of 29-37 ℃. But Combined with human comfort temperature 30-35 ℃, phase change energy storage is better than water storage. With the increase of water supply temperature, the heating rate of bed increases, and the heating change rate of PCM bed is more significant. During the daytime, the bed temperature of the water bed is 2 ℃ greater than that of the PCM bed, but heat stability of the PCM bed is better in the sleep stage. Although heat dissipation of the two beds is almost the same, but the PCM bed poses constant exothermic temperature at night. Inaddition, the effects of diameter, heating temperature, tube spacing and thermal conductivity of PCM on the melting ratewere analyzed by simulating the heating and melting process of PCM. The results show that the above four factors have different effects on the melting rate, and the reduction of the tube spacing and the increase of the thermal conductivity can effectively increase the melting rate.
A new type of energy storage bed is designed for solving the pollution of the environment, leak of energy conservation and safety and other defects in traditional heating. Water with high specific heat and phase change material (PCM) with latent heat are used to be storage medium. The thermal performance of the PCM bed and the water bed are compared by measuring the bed temperature and heat dissipation by the three groups of water supply temperature of 35 ℃, 40 ℃ and 45 ℃. The results show that 40 ℃ is the best water supply temperature. At this temperature, the bed average temperature of the water storage and phase change energy storage are about 35.3 ℃ and 32.9 ℃, which are in human body adapting temperature range of 29-37 ℃. But Combined with human comfort temperature 30-35 ℃, phase change energy storage is better than water storage. With the increase of water supply temperature, the heating rate of bed increases, and the heating change rate of PCM bed is more significant. During the daytime, the bed temperature of the water bed is 2 ℃ greater than that of the PCM bed, but heat stability of the PCM bed is better in the sleep stage. Although heat dissipation of the two beds is almost the same, but the PCM bed poses constant exothermic temperature at night. Inaddition, the effects of diameter, heating temperature, tube spacing and thermal conductivity of PCM on the melting ratewere analyzed by simulating the heating and melting process of PCM. The results show that the above four factors have different effects on the melting rate, and the reduction of the tube spacing and the increase of the thermal conductivity can effectively increase the melting rate.
引文
[1]赵文元,刘泽勤.我国寒冷地区农村供暖方式及节能技术解析[J].建筑节能,2017,04:14-19.
[2]孟亚东,孙洪磊.京津冀地区“煤改气”发展探讨[J].国际石油经济,2014,11:84-90.
[3]张伟程,滕汜颖.招商银行上海大厦空调系统节能设计[J].暖通空调,2014,44(5):42-45.
[4]冯国会,张雪研,冯革宇,等.相变蓄热火墙的结构设计及其性能分析[J].可再生能源,2010(05):139-143.
[5]冯国会,黄凯良,陈其针,等.相变储能地板热水采暖系统实验研究[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,2011(S1):52-57.
[6]李刚,池兰,李珍,等.太阳能辅热相变蓄能火炕供暖系统实验研究[J].太阳能学报,2015(11):2632-2637.
[7]李刚,池兰,冯国会,等.相变蓄能火炕热舒适性的试验[J].农业工程学报,2016(11):244-249.
[8]Roberta A,Roberto L,Alberto G.Radiant floors integrated with PCM for indoor temperature control[J].Energy&Buildings.2011,43:3019-3026.
[9]Devaux P,Farid M M.Benefits of PCM underfloor heating with PCM wallboards for space heating in winter[J].Applied Energy,2017,191:593-602.
[10]叶宏,葛新石,焦冬生.带定形PCM的相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统热性能的数值模拟[J].太阳能学报,2002,23(4):482-487.
[11]丁剑红,张寅平,王馨,等.掺杂对定形相变材料导热系数的影响[J].太阳能学报,2005,26(6):853-856.
[12]张群力,狄洪发,林坤平,等.相变材料蓄能式低温热水采暖地板热性能模拟[J].工程热物理学报,2006,27(4):641-643.
[13]冯国会,崔洁,黄凯良,等.相变储能地板采暖系统蓄放热性能模拟[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2012,28(3):527-532.
[14]朱婷婷,赵明,陈昊,等.相变储能地板辐射供暖系统蓄热性能数值模拟[J].暖通空调,2015(9):70-75.
[15]陈占秀,马秀琴,马赫.相变材料的融化凝固对建筑墙体壁面温度的影响分析[J].河北工业大学学报,2016(1):45-50.
[16]中国农村能源行业协会节能炉具专业委员会.NY/T58—2009民用火炕性能试验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009:1-7.
[17]赵亚力,马学斌,韩为东.分子生物学基本实验技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[2]孟亚东,孙洪磊.京津冀地区“煤改气”发展探讨[J].国际石油经济,2014,11:84-90.
[3]张伟程,滕汜颖.招商银行上海大厦空调系统节能设计[J].暖通空调,2014,44(5):42-45.
[4]冯国会,张雪研,冯革宇,等.相变蓄热火墙的结构设计及其性能分析[J].可再生能源,2010(05):139-143.
[5]冯国会,黄凯良,陈其针,等.相变储能地板热水采暖系统实验研究[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,2011(S1):52-57.
[6]李刚,池兰,李珍,等.太阳能辅热相变蓄能火炕供暖系统实验研究[J].太阳能学报,2015(11):2632-2637.
[7]李刚,池兰,冯国会,等.相变蓄能火炕热舒适性的试验[J].农业工程学报,2016(11):244-249.
[8]Roberta A,Roberto L,Alberto G.Radiant floors integrated with PCM for indoor temperature control[J].Energy&Buildings.2011,43:3019-3026.
[9]Devaux P,Farid M M.Benefits of PCM underfloor heating with PCM wallboards for space heating in winter[J].Applied Energy,2017,191:593-602.
[10]叶宏,葛新石,焦冬生.带定形PCM的相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统热性能的数值模拟[J].太阳能学报,2002,23(4):482-487.
[11]丁剑红,张寅平,王馨,等.掺杂对定形相变材料导热系数的影响[J].太阳能学报,2005,26(6):853-856.
[12]张群力,狄洪发,林坤平,等.相变材料蓄能式低温热水采暖地板热性能模拟[J].工程热物理学报,2006,27(4):641-643.
[13]冯国会,崔洁,黄凯良,等.相变储能地板采暖系统蓄放热性能模拟[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2012,28(3):527-532.
[14]朱婷婷,赵明,陈昊,等.相变储能地板辐射供暖系统蓄热性能数值模拟[J].暖通空调,2015(9):70-75.
[15]陈占秀,马秀琴,马赫.相变材料的融化凝固对建筑墙体壁面温度的影响分析[J].河北工业大学学报,2016(1):45-50.
[16]中国农村能源行业协会节能炉具专业委员会.NY/T58—2009民用火炕性能试验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009:1-7.
[17]赵亚力,马学斌,韩为东.分子生物学基本实验技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.