石栎次生林群落特征及多样性指数的尺度效应
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摘要
天然次生林科学经营已成为中国森林提质增效的重要途径,而群落结构特征是次生林科学经营与保护的重要依据。笔者以庐山常绿阔叶林中的典型石栎次生林为对象,按照网格法建立100 m×100 m的大样地,对木本植物进行了调查统计,分析石栎次生林的群落结构特征、多样性指数及其尺度效应。结果表明:样地中共有木本植物162种,其中乔木层(胸径≥1 cm)104种,共5101棵;群落按重要值排序前3种植物依次为石栎、山苍子和檵木,按照相对优势度排序前3种分别为石栎、檵木和甜槠,依次占36.1%、14.3%和9.2%;庐山石栎次生林的物种多样性指数存在尺度依赖性,随样方尺度面积的增大,ShannonWiener多样性指数呈先明显增加后趋于稳定值,Evenness均匀性指数则呈先减少后趋于稳定,Simpson’s-Dominance则出现最大值后再逐渐减少;当样地面积达4900 m~2时,石栎乔木层多样性指数基本处于稳定状态,而灌木层出现稳定值的尺度面积约2500 m~2。研究结果对亚热带常绿阔叶林区次生林的物种多样性调查、植被恢复与重建提供参考。
Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest is one of important vegetation types in the world. Here we report preliminary results of community composition and structure, species diversity index and size effects of evergreen broad-leaved forest at Lushan Mountian. We established a 1 hm~2(100 m×100 m) Lithocarpus glaber forest permanent plot from September 2014 to June 2015. Following the standard census procedure of the China Forest Ecosystem Research Network(CFERN), all free-standing trees diameter at breast height(DBH)≥1 cm in the forest were mapped, tagged and identified to species. The wood plants were counted, and the community composition and scale effect of diversity index were analyzed by Spss 19.0 and biodiversity software.The results show that: the 162 species of woody plants were emerged, the tree layer(DBH≥1 cm) have 104 species. According to the rank of communities important value, the top 3 species were Lithocarpus glaber,Litsea cubeba and Loropetalum chinense; and according to the relative dominance of top 3 species were Lithocarpus glaber, Loropetalum chinense and Castanopsis eyrei, accounted for 36.1% 14.3% and 9.2%,respectively. The species diversity index were relied on scale size according to diversity index difference, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was showed significantly increased and after stable value, the Evenness index was decreased first and then stabilized, Simpson's-Dominance appeared the maximum and then gradually decreased.For the secondary forest tree layer,αdiversity index appeared a stable value with sample size scale at4900 m~2, and the shrub layer maintained a stable value when size scale at 2500 m~2.
Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest is one of important vegetation types in the world. Here we report preliminary results of community composition and structure, species diversity index and size effects of evergreen broad-leaved forest at Lushan Mountian. We established a 1 hm~2(100 m×100 m) Lithocarpus glaber forest permanent plot from September 2014 to June 2015. Following the standard census procedure of the China Forest Ecosystem Research Network(CFERN), all free-standing trees diameter at breast height(DBH)≥1 cm in the forest were mapped, tagged and identified to species. The wood plants were counted, and the community composition and scale effect of diversity index were analyzed by Spss 19.0 and biodiversity software.The results show that: the 162 species of woody plants were emerged, the tree layer(DBH≥1 cm) have 104 species. According to the rank of communities important value, the top 3 species were Lithocarpus glaber,Litsea cubeba and Loropetalum chinense; and according to the relative dominance of top 3 species were Lithocarpus glaber, Loropetalum chinense and Castanopsis eyrei, accounted for 36.1% 14.3% and 9.2%,respectively. The species diversity index were relied on scale size according to diversity index difference, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was showed significantly increased and after stable value, the Evenness index was decreased first and then stabilized, Simpson's-Dominance appeared the maximum and then gradually decreased.For the secondary forest tree layer,αdiversity index appeared a stable value with sample size scale at4900 m~2, and the shrub layer maintained a stable value when size scale at 2500 m~2.
引文
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[18]赵丽娟,项文化.中亚热带石栎-青冈群落优势种种间关联研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,49(6):88-93.
[19]樊忠良.庐山植物区系的特征和植被的分布[J].黄冈师范学院学报,1994(1):52-55.
[20]马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测定方法Ι.ɑ多样性的测度方法[J].生物多样性,1994,2(3):231-239.
[21]任海保,张林艳,马克平.不同植物类群物种丰富度垂直格局分形特征的比较[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(6):35-43.
[22]Ramezani H.A Note on the Normalized Definition of Shannon’s Diversity Index in Landscape Pattern Analysis[J].Environment&Natural Resources Research,2012,2(4):54-60.
[23]祝燕,赵谷风,张俪文,等.古田山中亚热带常绿阔叶林动态监测样地-群落组成与结构[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(2):262-273.
[2]Peng Y,Qing F T,Mi K,et al.Study progress on spatial scale effects and coupling relationships of different levels in biodiversity[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(2):577-583.
[3]马克平.试论生物多样性的概念[J].生物多样性,1993(1):20-22.
[4]徐炜,马志远,井新,等.生物多样性与生态系统多功能性:进展与展望[J].生物多样性,2016,24(1):55-71.
[5]杜华强,汤孟平,周国模,等.天目山物种多样性尺度依赖及其与空间格局关系的多重分形[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):5038-5055.
[6]孟斌,王劲峰.地理数据尺度转换方法研究进展[J].地理学报,2005,60(2):277-288.
[7]Bellehumeur C,Legendre P,Marcotte D.Variance and spatial scales in a tropical rain forest:changing the size of sampling units[J].Plant Ecology,1997,130(1):89-98.
[8]朱道光,柴春荣,李金博,等.物种多样性与空间尺度的关系研究进展[J].国土与自然资源研究,2014(5):95-96.
[9]王志高,叶万辉,曹洪麟,等.鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林物种多样性指数空间分布特征[J].生物多样性,2008,16(5):454-461.
[10]方晓峰,杨庆松,刘何铭,等.天童常绿阔叶林中常绿与落叶物种的物种多度分布格局[J].生物多样性,2016,24(6):629-638.
[11]万慧霖.庐山森林生态系统植物多样性及其分布格局[D].北京:北京林业大学,2008.
[12]黄忠良,孔国辉,何道泉.鼎湖山植物群落多样性的研究[J].生态学报,2000,20(2):193-198.
[13]王永繁,余世孝,黄向,等.黑石顶森林群落演替系列α多样性的尺度效应[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2002,41(3):68-76.
[14]邓宏兼,李卫忠,曹铸,等.基于不同取样尺度的油松针阔混交林物种多样性[J].浙江农林大学学报,2015,32(1):67-75.
[15]赵丽娟,项文化,李家湘,等.中亚热带石栎-青冈群落物种组成、结构及区系特征[J].林业科学,2013,49(12):10-17.
[16]李志辉,樊敬乐,何友军,等.湘中丘陵区石栎混交林群落物种多样性研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,1996,16(4):72-76.
[17]李建辉,金则新,楼文燕,等.东南石栎种群在演替系列群落中的遗传多样性[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(4):509-514.
[18]赵丽娟,项文化.中亚热带石栎-青冈群落优势种种间关联研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,49(6):88-93.
[19]樊忠良.庐山植物区系的特征和植被的分布[J].黄冈师范学院学报,1994(1):52-55.
[20]马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测定方法Ι.ɑ多样性的测度方法[J].生物多样性,1994,2(3):231-239.
[21]任海保,张林艳,马克平.不同植物类群物种丰富度垂直格局分形特征的比较[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(6):35-43.
[22]Ramezani H.A Note on the Normalized Definition of Shannon’s Diversity Index in Landscape Pattern Analysis[J].Environment&Natural Resources Research,2012,2(4):54-60.
[23]祝燕,赵谷风,张俪文,等.古田山中亚热带常绿阔叶林动态监测样地-群落组成与结构[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(2):262-273.