基于碳足迹分析国家级重点生态功能区农田种植业特征
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摘要
小尺度农田生态系统碳足迹的研究可为当地低碳农业的发展提供科学依据。基于碳足迹视角,以国家级重点生态功能区山西偏关县为例,根据主要投入要素的碳排放系数和各种作物的碳吸收率,利用SPSS软件回归分析了2007—2016年研究区农作物的碳吸收对农业化学物质及能源投入碳排放的消纳情况。结果表明,偏关县农田种植业的碳平衡处于碳生态盈余状态,粮食作物在种植业中占比较大,玉米是影响农作物固碳的主要因素,但是变幅不大,而大豆固碳能力逐年增长,氮肥、农膜、耕作耗能、秸秆焚烧是影响碳排放的主要因素,其中,氮肥碳排放年均贡献率为45%;农膜碳排放近10 a增长5%。因此,碳生态盈余状态并不能掩饰化学物质和能源投入所引发的不可再生资源年损耗的增加和农业面源污染潜在风险的加剧。
The study on the carbon footprint of small scale farmland ecosystem can provide scientific basis for the development of low carbon agriculture in the area. The paper based on the perspective of carbon footprint, taking Shanxi Pianguan county, a national key ecological functional area, as an example, according to the carbon emission coefficient of the main input factors and the carbon absorption rate of various crops, analyzed the discharge situation of the carbon absorption of crops to carbon emissions from the agricultural chemical substances and energy inputs by using SPSS software in 2007-2016 years. The results showed that the carbon balance of Pianguan county plantation was in the state of carbon ecological surplus, food crops in the farming industry accounted for a large proportion, corn was the main factor affecting carbon sequestration, but it changed not much. However, the carbon sequestration capacity of soybean increased year by year. Nitrogen fertilizer, agricultural film, tillage energy and straw burning were the main factors which affected carbon emissions. The annual contribution rate of nitrogenous fertilizer to carbon emissions was 45%, and the carbon emission of agricultural film increased 5% for 10 years. Therefore, the state of carbon ecological surplus cannot conceal the increasing annual loss of non-renewable resources caused by the increasing of agricultural chemical substances and energy investment and the potential risk of agricultural non-point source pollution.
The study on the carbon footprint of small scale farmland ecosystem can provide scientific basis for the development of low carbon agriculture in the area. The paper based on the perspective of carbon footprint, taking Shanxi Pianguan county, a national key ecological functional area, as an example, according to the carbon emission coefficient of the main input factors and the carbon absorption rate of various crops, analyzed the discharge situation of the carbon absorption of crops to carbon emissions from the agricultural chemical substances and energy inputs by using SPSS software in 2007-2016 years. The results showed that the carbon balance of Pianguan county plantation was in the state of carbon ecological surplus, food crops in the farming industry accounted for a large proportion, corn was the main factor affecting carbon sequestration, but it changed not much. However, the carbon sequestration capacity of soybean increased year by year. Nitrogen fertilizer, agricultural film, tillage energy and straw burning were the main factors which affected carbon emissions. The annual contribution rate of nitrogenous fertilizer to carbon emissions was 45%, and the carbon emission of agricultural film increased 5% for 10 years. Therefore, the state of carbon ecological surplus cannot conceal the increasing annual loss of non-renewable resources caused by the increasing of agricultural chemical substances and energy investment and the potential risk of agricultural non-point source pollution.
引文
[1]唐廉,谢世友.农田生态系统碳足迹特征及低碳发展探讨:以重庆酉阳县种植业为例[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(12):76-83.
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[12]吴金凤,王秀红. 1995—2012年宁夏盐池县种植业碳足迹变化特征[J].资源科学,2015,37(8):1677-1684.
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[14]周铁军,赵廷宁,孙保平,等.宁夏盐池县土地利用与景观格局变化研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(1):135-138.
[15] DUBEY A,LAL R. Carbon footprint and sustainability of agricultural production systems in Punjab,India,and Ohio,USA[J]. Journal of Crop Improvement,2009,23(4):332-350.
[16]韩召迎,孟亚利.区域农田生态系统碳足迹时空差异分析:以江苏省为案例[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(5):1034-1041.
[17]周陶,高明,谢德体,等.重庆市农田系统碳源/汇特征及碳足迹分析[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(1):96-102.
[18]毕于运.秸秆资源评价与利用研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[19]张建波.淅川县农田碳汇能力与低碳农业发展研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2016.
[20]张雄智,王岩,魏辉煌,等.产品碳标签制度的发展现状及我国应对策略[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(10):1714-1718.
[21]徐延菊.基于碳足迹视角的安徽省种植业低碳化研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2014.
[2]黄祖辉,米松华.农业碳足迹研究:以浙江省为例[J].农业经济问题,2011(11):40-47.
[3]SOVACOOL B K,BROWN MA. Twelve meetropolitan carbon Footprints:a preliminary comarative global assessment[J]. Energypolicy,2010,38(9):4846-4869.
[4] HERTWICH E G,PETERS G P. Carbon footprint of nations:A global,trade-linked analysis[J]. Enviromental Science&Technology,2009,43(16):6414-6420.
[5]WEST T O,MARLAND G. A synthesis of carbon sequestration,carbon emissions,and net carbon flux in agriculture:comparing tillage practices in the united states[J]. Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2002,91(1):217-232.
[6]方精云,郭兆迪,朴世龙,等. 1981—2000年中国陆地植被碳汇的估算[J].中国科学,2007,37(6):804-812.
[7]揣小伟,黄贤金,郑泽庆,等.江苏省土地利用变化对陆地生态系统碳储量的影响[J].资源科学,2011,33(10):1932-1939.
[8]赵荣钦,黄贤金,钟太洋.中国不同产业空间的碳排放强度与碳足迹分析[J].地理学报,2010,65(9):1048-1057.
[9]王占彪,王猛,陈阜.华北平原作物生产碳足迹分析[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(1):83-92.
[10]岳立,赵婷.甘肃省农业碳足迹动态变化研究[J].北方经济,2012(9):67-69.
[11]邵技新.岩溶山区县域农业碳足迹分析:以毕节地区为例[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(5):210-213.
[12]吴金凤,王秀红. 1995—2012年宁夏盐池县种植业碳足迹变化特征[J].资源科学,2015,37(8):1677-1684.
[13]逯非,王效科,韩冰,等.中国农田施用化学氮肥的固碳潜力及其有效性评价[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(10):2239-2250.
[14]周铁军,赵廷宁,孙保平,等.宁夏盐池县土地利用与景观格局变化研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(1):135-138.
[15] DUBEY A,LAL R. Carbon footprint and sustainability of agricultural production systems in Punjab,India,and Ohio,USA[J]. Journal of Crop Improvement,2009,23(4):332-350.
[16]韩召迎,孟亚利.区域农田生态系统碳足迹时空差异分析:以江苏省为案例[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(5):1034-1041.
[17]周陶,高明,谢德体,等.重庆市农田系统碳源/汇特征及碳足迹分析[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(1):96-102.
[18]毕于运.秸秆资源评价与利用研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[19]张建波.淅川县农田碳汇能力与低碳农业发展研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2016.
[20]张雄智,王岩,魏辉煌,等.产品碳标签制度的发展现状及我国应对策略[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(10):1714-1718.
[21]徐延菊.基于碳足迹视角的安徽省种植业低碳化研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2014.