头花蓼好氧、厌氧腐解液的化感自毒作用
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摘要
为探讨头花蓼好氧、厌氧腐解液的化感自毒作用,制备不同质量浓度的2种腐解液,测定其对头花蓼种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,头花蓼好氧、厌氧2种腐解液处理下其种子发芽和幼苗生长齐整度较差,出现种子(胚)根芽倾倒、腐烂等症状,高质量浓度(500 mg/m L)时种子发芽率分别仅为18. 3%、20. 8%,发芽速率分别仅为对照组(蒸馏水处理)的1/3、1/4,发芽势分别仅为12. 5%、4. 2%,发芽指数分别仅为4. 1、2. 5,活力指数分别仅为9. 1、3. 1,幼苗根/芽长分别仅为1. 0 cm/1. 6 cm、0. 4 cm/1. 8 cm,均远低于对照组,而种子发芽抑制率均为正值且分别高达67. 2%、62. 4%,种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数的化感指数(RI)及综合化感指数(M)大多为负值,且绝对值随着腐解液质量浓度升高增加趋势明显。头花蓼种子发芽和幼苗生长中发芽率、发芽势、(胚)根长等指标均与2种腐解液质量浓度呈极显著负相关,种子发芽抑制率与2种腐解液质量浓度呈极显著正相关。综上,头花蓼腐解液的化感自毒作用十分明显,很可能是其连作障碍的重要原因。
To study the allelopathic autotoxicity of aerobic and anaerobic decomposing solutions from P. capitatum on its seed germination and seedling growth,the two decomposing solutions were prepared artificially and their bioactivity was tested. The results indicated that its seed germination or seedling growth uniformity was poor,and the(embryo) roots or buds dumping,and other symptoms appeared after treated by the two decomposing solutions. At high concentration(500 mg/m L) of the two decomposing solutions,the seed germination rates were only 18. 3% and 20. 8% respectively,the germinating speeds were only 1/3 and 1/4 of the control group treated by distilled water,the germination potentials were only12. 5% and 4. 2% respectively,the germination indexes were only 4. 1 and 2. 5 respectively,the vigor indexes were only 9. 1 and 3. 1 respectively,and the root/shoot lengths of seedlings were only 1. 0 cm/1. 6 cm and 0. 4 cm/1. 8 cm respectively. These indexes were all much lower than the control group. The inhibition rates of germination were all positive and up to 67. 2% and 62. 4% respectively. The allelopathic indexes(RI values) of seed germination rate,germination potential,germination index and compre-hensive allelopathic indexes(M values) were mostly negative,and the absolute values increased significantly with the increase of the concentration of decomposing solutions. Most of the indicators such as the germination rate,germination potential,(embryo) root length were significantly negatively correlated with the concentration of decomposing solutions. By contrast,the inhibition rate of seed germination was significantly positively correlated with the concentration of decomposing solutions. In conclusion,the two decomposing solutions from P. capitatum had serious allelopathic autotoxicity,which could be an important factor for continuous cropping obstacle of P. capitatum.
To study the allelopathic autotoxicity of aerobic and anaerobic decomposing solutions from P. capitatum on its seed germination and seedling growth,the two decomposing solutions were prepared artificially and their bioactivity was tested. The results indicated that its seed germination or seedling growth uniformity was poor,and the(embryo) roots or buds dumping,and other symptoms appeared after treated by the two decomposing solutions. At high concentration(500 mg/m L) of the two decomposing solutions,the seed germination rates were only 18. 3% and 20. 8% respectively,the germinating speeds were only 1/3 and 1/4 of the control group treated by distilled water,the germination potentials were only12. 5% and 4. 2% respectively,the germination indexes were only 4. 1 and 2. 5 respectively,the vigor indexes were only 9. 1 and 3. 1 respectively,and the root/shoot lengths of seedlings were only 1. 0 cm/1. 6 cm and 0. 4 cm/1. 8 cm respectively. These indexes were all much lower than the control group. The inhibition rates of germination were all positive and up to 67. 2% and 62. 4% respectively. The allelopathic indexes(RI values) of seed germination rate,germination potential,germination index and compre-hensive allelopathic indexes(M values) were mostly negative,and the absolute values increased significantly with the increase of the concentration of decomposing solutions. Most of the indicators such as the germination rate,germination potential,(embryo) root length were significantly negatively correlated with the concentration of decomposing solutions. By contrast,the inhibition rate of seed germination was significantly positively correlated with the concentration of decomposing solutions. In conclusion,the two decomposing solutions from P. capitatum had serious allelopathic autotoxicity,which could be an important factor for continuous cropping obstacle of P. capitatum.
引文
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[21]赵欣欣,宋丽荣,权薇竹,等.高温高湿老化处理对不同豆类种子活力及生长能力的影响[J].作物杂志,2017(5):168-172.
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[26]张重义,陈慧,杨艳会,等.连作对地黄根际土壤细菌群落多样性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(11):2843-2848.
[27]张金燕,孙雪婷,陈军文,等.连作三七根际土壤化感物质检测及其提取液对三种作物种子萌发的影响[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(7):1178-1184.
[28]唐成林,王觉,罗夫来,等.半夏茬后土壤微生物数量变化及其化感作用初探[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(12):135-137.
[29]张敏,谈献和,张瑜,等.中药材连作障碍[J].现代中药研究与实践,2012,26(1):83-85.
[30]刘伟,魏莹莹,吕海花,等.须根腐解对丹参根际土壤化感物质的影响[J].中药材,2016,39(10):2203-2206.
[31]吴燕燕,李明,黄结雯,等.重茬土壤、枯叶腐解液对广藿香扦插苗生理生化指标的影响[J].北方园艺,2017(10):149-153.
[32]张秋菊,朱诗禹,张连学.细辛根系浸提液和腐解液对小麦和黄瓜的化感效应[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,40(3):267-272.
[2]朱晓雨,张犁,姜莹,等.头花蓼水提液对感染性结石模型大鼠尿液酸化作用的实验观察[J].新中医,2014,46(4):200-202.
[3]吕炎唏,王隶书,程东岩,等.中药头花蓼的化学成分和药理作用研究概况[J].中国药师,2017,20(10):1849-1853.
[4]王爽,张丽艳,谢宇,等. HPLC测定头花蓼及制剂热淋清颗粒中没食子酸的含量[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2012,18(9):112-115.
[5]王重洋,潘舒,吴亚利,等.热淋清颗粒药理作用实验研究[J].实用中医内科杂志,2012,26(3):12-14.
[6]周涛,金艳蕾,吴钰,等.贵州头花蓼遗传多样性的ISSR分析[J].中国中药杂志,2010,35(12):1511-1517.
[7]党伯岳,赵德刚,靳保龙,等.贵州不同产地头花蓼的主要农艺性状及光合特性[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(6):66-68.
[8]何佳芳,唐兵,赵欢,等.几种肥料对头花蓼连作障碍的调控[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(12):2902-2906.
[9]雷锋杰,张爱华,张秋菊,等.人参、西洋参化感作用研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2010,35(17):2221-2226.
[10] Yi J H,Jia Z H,Lin Q,et al. Allelopathic effects of decaying tobacco leaves on tobacco seedlings[J]. Allelopathy Journal,2012,29(1):51-61.
[11]李振方,齐晓辉,李奇松,等.地黄自毒物质提取及其生物指标测定[J].生态学报,2010,30(10):2576-2584.
[12]张新慧,郎多勇,张恩和.当归根际土壤水浸液的自毒作用研究及化感物质的鉴定[J].中草药,2010,41(12):2063-2066.
[13]邵财,王英平,许世泉,等.人参根系分泌物对其根源愈伤组织化感效应研究[J].中药材,2009,32(12):1798-1801.
[14]张琳,王晓,史国玉,等.中药连作障碍形成及其时空效应理论探讨[J].现代中药研究与实践,2014,28(5):78-83.
[15]檀国印,杨志玲,袁志林,等.药用植物连作障碍及其防治途径研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(4):197-204.
[16]谢敬宇,谭世强,郭帅,等.人参根系腐解物对十字花科植物的化感作用[J].中国植保导刊,2013,33(2):18-21.
[17]张子龙,拱健婷,程新宇,等.三七须根粉碎物土壤添加的自毒效应研究[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(7):143-148.
[18]杨骁.加拿大蓬水浸液对植物种子萌发的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(4):1983-1986.
[19] Chiapusio G,Sánchez A M,Reigosa M J,et al. Do germination indices adequately reflect allelochemical effects on the germination process?[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1997,23(11):2445-2453.
[20]杜玮,何池全,陈玉丽,等.入侵植物互花米草水浸液对莴苣的化感作用[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(4):869-875.
[21]赵欣欣,宋丽荣,权薇竹,等.高温高湿老化处理对不同豆类种子活力及生长能力的影响[J].作物杂志,2017(5):168-172.
[22]朱慧,马瑞君,吴双桃,等.当归根际土对其种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(5):833-838.
[23] Williamson G B,Richardson D. Bioassays for allelopathy:Measuring treatment responses with independent controls[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1988,14(1):181-187.
[24]张爱华,郜玉钢,许永华,等.我国药用植物化感作用研究进展[J].中草药,2011,42(10):1885-1890.
[25]刘德辉,郭巧生,孙玉华,等.苏北中药材种植地土壤肥力衰退原因及其恢复对策[J].土壤通报,2000,31(2):76-78.
[26]张重义,陈慧,杨艳会,等.连作对地黄根际土壤细菌群落多样性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(11):2843-2848.
[27]张金燕,孙雪婷,陈军文,等.连作三七根际土壤化感物质检测及其提取液对三种作物种子萌发的影响[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(7):1178-1184.
[28]唐成林,王觉,罗夫来,等.半夏茬后土壤微生物数量变化及其化感作用初探[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(12):135-137.
[29]张敏,谈献和,张瑜,等.中药材连作障碍[J].现代中药研究与实践,2012,26(1):83-85.
[30]刘伟,魏莹莹,吕海花,等.须根腐解对丹参根际土壤化感物质的影响[J].中药材,2016,39(10):2203-2206.
[31]吴燕燕,李明,黄结雯,等.重茬土壤、枯叶腐解液对广藿香扦插苗生理生化指标的影响[J].北方园艺,2017(10):149-153.
[32]张秋菊,朱诗禹,张连学.细辛根系浸提液和腐解液对小麦和黄瓜的化感效应[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,40(3):267-272.